最近需要解决Maven项目导入可执行的jar包的问题，如果项目不包含Spring，那么使用mvn assembly:assembly即可，详情可以参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/liqiu/p/3816068.html
可是如果包含Spring，那么这么方法就不可行，报错：
Configuration problem: Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace
我在网上折腾了两天，这是assembly的一个bug。参见：http://jira.codehaus.org/browse/MASSEMBLY-360
据说原因是spring的多个jar包中都含有spring.handlers和spring.schemas文件，而assembly只会把第一次遇到的文件打入jar包，后面遇到的都会skip掉。
解决方法就是放弃assembly，使用shade插件来打包.在shade的打包配制中指明spring.handlers和spring.schemas文件会以append方式加入进来，从而确保其他spring的jar中的这两个文件的信息不会被遗漏。
下面是一个非常简单的例子，只有四个文件的Maven工程，代码再附件内：
1、pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.javaee</groupId>
<artifactId>main-spring</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>3.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.7</version> <executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<finalName>my-spring-app</finalName>
<shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>
<shadedClassifierName>jar-with-dependencies</shadedClassifierName>
<transformers>
<transformer
implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>com.test.Main</mainClass>
</transformer>
<transformer
implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer
implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer
implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.tooling</resource>
</transformer>
</transformers> </configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、applicationContext.xml(Spring的配置文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
">
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.*" />
</beans>
3、代码事例
package com.service; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service
public class UserService {
public String findUser() {
return "find liqiu";
}
}
package com.exec;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;
import com.service.UserService;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
GenericXmlApplicationContext context = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();
context.setValidating(false);
context.load("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
context.refresh();
UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class);
while (true) {
System.out.println(userService.findUser());
Thread.sleep(10000);
}
}
}
在命令行运行：mvn package
然后在target目录会产出一个jar包：my-spring-app.jar
运行即可：java -jar target/my-spring-app.jar
五月 16, 2015 10:46:52 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
五月 16, 2015 10:46:53 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext@4a5e88f7: startup date [Sat May 16 22:46:53 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
五月 16, 2015 10:46:53 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@18fd54ec: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,userService]; root of factory hierarchy
find liqiu
find liqiu
当然也可以这么运行：java -classpath target/my-spring-app.jar com.exec.Main
源代码下载地址：http://files.cnblogs.com/files/liqiu/main-spring.tar.gz