第一步:首先配置线程基本参数,可以放在application.propertes文件种也可以放在自己新建的config/文件目录下,注意:但是需要使用@PropertySource把配置文件进行加载。
# 异步线程配置
# 配置核心线程数
async.executor.thread.core_pool_size = 8
# 配置最大线程数
async.executor.thread.max_pool_size = 20
# 配置队列大小
async.executor.thread.queue_capacity = 99999
# 配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀
async.executor.thread.name.prefix = async-service-
第二步:让Spring Boot加载,用来定义如何创建一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
,要使用@Configuration
和@EnableAsync
这两个注解,表示这是个配置类,并且是线程池的配置类
@Slf4j
@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class RCExecutorConfig {
@Value("${async.executor.thread.core_pool_size}")
private int corePoolSize;
@Value("${async.executor.thread.max_pool_size}")
private int maxPoolSize;
@Value("${async.executor.thread.queue_capacity}")
private int queueCapacity;
@Value("${async.executor.thread.name.prefix}")
private String namePrefix;
@Bean(name = "asyncServiceExecutor")
public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {
log.info("start asyncServiceExecutor");
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//配置核心线程数
executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
//配置最大线程数
executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
//配置队列大小
executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);
//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀
executor.setThreadNamePrefix(namePrefix);
// rejection-policy:当pool已经达到max size的时候,如何处理新任务
// CALLER_RUNS:不在新线程中执行任务,而是有调用者所在的线程来执行
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
//执行初始化
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
}
第三步:创建一个service接口,是异步线程的接口,便于测试
public interface AsyncService {
/**
* 执行异步任务
* 可以根据需求,自己加参数拟定
*/
void executeAsync();
}
第四步:编写现实类,将Service层的服务异步化,在executeAsync()方法上增加注解@Async("asyncServiceExecutor"),asyncServiceExecutor方法是前面RCExecutorConfig.java中的方法名,表明executeAsync方法进入的线程池是asyncServiceExecutor方法创建的。测试方面这里我加入了一个定时任务,使用的是corn表达式。(不懂得同学可以网上了解一下)
@Slf4j
@Service
public class AsyncServiceImpl implements AsyncService {
@Override
@Scheduled(cron = " */1 * * * * ? ")
@Async("asyncServiceExecutor")
public void executeAsync() {
log.info("start executeAsync");
System.out.println("异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务");
log.info("end executeAsync");
}
}
第五步:测试结果如下:
10:32:15.004 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:15.004 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:16.003 [async-service-2] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:16.004 [async-service-2] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:17.001 [async-service-3] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:17.001 [async-service-3] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:18.002 [async-service-4] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:18.003 [async-service-4] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:19.002 [async-service-5] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:19.003 [async-service-5] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:20.001 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:20.002 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:21.002 [async-service-7] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:21.002 [async-service-7] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:22.004 [async-service-8] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:22.005 [async-service-8] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:23.001 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:23.003 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:24.003 [async-service-2] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:24.003 [async-service-2] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:25.001 [async-service-3] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:25.001 [async-service-3] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:26.002 [async-service-4] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:26.002 [async-service-4] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:27.002 [async-service-5] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:27.003 [async-service-5] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:28.001 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:28.001 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:29.001 [async-service-7] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:29.002 [async-service-7] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:30.001 [async-service-8] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:30.001 [async-service-8] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:32:31.001 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:32:31.001 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
还没完:
通过以上日志可以发现,[async-service-]是有多个线程的,显然已经在我们配置的线程池中执行了,表明每次请求都快速响应了,而耗时的操作都留给线程池中的线程去异步执行;
还有另一个问提就是,虽然已经用上了线程池,但是依然不清楚线程池当时的情况,有多少线程在执行,多少在队列中等待呢?于是这里我创建了一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor的子类,可以把每次提交线程的时候都会将当前线程池的运行状况打印出来
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3518460523928455463L;
private void showThreadPoolInfo(String prefix) {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = getThreadPoolExecutor();
if (null == threadPoolExecutor) {
return;
}
log.info("{}, {},taskCount [{}], completedTaskCount [{}], activeCount [{}], queueSize [{}]",
this.getThreadNamePrefix(),
prefix,
threadPoolExecutor.getTaskCount(),
threadPoolExecutor.getCompletedTaskCount(),
threadPoolExecutor.getActiveCount(),
threadPoolExecutor.getQueue().size());
}
@Override
public void execute(Runnable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("1. do execute");
super.execute(task);
}
@Override
public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) {
showThreadPoolInfo("2. do execute");
super.execute(task, startTimeout);
}
@Override
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submit");
return super.submit(task);
}
@Override
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submit");
return super.submit(task);
}
@Override
public ListenableFuture<?> submitListenable(Runnable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submitListenable");
return super.submitListenable(task);
}
@Override
public <T> ListenableFuture<T> submitListenable(Callable<T> task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submitListenable");
return super.submitListenable(task);
}
}
其次:修改RCExecutorConfig.java的asyncServiceExecutor方法,将ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor()改为ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor()
@Bean(name = "asyncServiceExecutor")
public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {
log.info("start asyncServiceExecutor");
//ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//配置核心线程数
executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
//配置最大线程数
executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
//配置队列大小
executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);
//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀
executor.setThreadNamePrefix(namePrefix);
// rejection-policy:当pool已经达到max size的时候,如何处理新任务
// CALLER_RUNS:不在新线程中执行任务,而是有调用者所在的线程来执行
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
//执行初始化
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
测试结果如下:
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:35.003 [async-service-5] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:36.001 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-1] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [5], completedTaskCount [5], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:36.001 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:36.002 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:37.001 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [6], completedTaskCount [6], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:37.001 [async-service-7] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:37.002 [async-service-7] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:38.002 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [7], completedTaskCount [7], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:38.002 [async-service-8] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:38.002 [async-service-8] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:39.001 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [8], completedTaskCount [8], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:39.001 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:39.002 [async-service-1] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:40.003 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [9], completedTaskCount [9], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:40.003 [async-service-2] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:40.003 [async-service-2] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:41.001 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [10], completedTaskCount [10], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:41.001 [async-service-3] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:41.001 [async-service-3] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:42.000 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [11], completedTaskCount [11], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:42.000 [async-service-4] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:42.000 [async-service-4] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:43.001 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [12], completedTaskCount [12], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:43.002 [async-service-5] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:43.003 [async-service-5] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:44.001 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [13], completedTaskCount [13], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:44.001 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
异步线程执行批量插入等耗时任务
10:41:44.001 [async-service-6] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - end executeAsync
10:41:45.000 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [14], completedTaskCount [14], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
10:41:45.001 [async-service-7] INFO c.a.a.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl - start executeAsync
解释:这里意思提交了14个任务,处理了14个任务,对列中还剩0个任务
10:41:45.000 [sheduled-pool-1-thread-7] INFO c.a.a.e.t.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor - async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [14], completedTaskCount [14], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]
到此为止就OK了!