【hive】——metastore的三种模式

2021-11-10 23:09:46

Hive中metastore（元数据存储）的三种方式：

  • 内嵌Derby方式
  • Local方式
  • Remote方式

[一]、内嵌Derby方式

这个是Hive默认的启动模式，一般用于单元测试，这种存储方式有一个缺点：在同一时间只能有一个进程连接使用数据库。

hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等的配置信息如下：

 
 
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<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  <value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>
  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  <value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>
  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  <value>APP</value>
  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  <value>mine</value>
  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
  <value>file:///Users/micmiu/tmp/hive/warehouse</value>
  <description>unit test data goes in here on your local filesystem</description>
</property>
 
<!-- micmiu.com -->

执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType derby -initSchema

查看初始化后的信息： schematool -dbType derby -info

配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。

[二]、Local方式

以本地Mysql数据库为例：创建好用户：hive；database：hive。

配置文件 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下：

 
 
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<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  <value>hive</value>
  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  <value>micmiu</value>
  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
  <!-- base hdfs path -->
  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
  <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
<!-- micmiu.com -->

ps：需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中

如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

 
 
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micmiu-mbp:mysql micmiu$ schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.input.dir.recursive is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.input.dir.recursive
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.max.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.maxsize
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.rack is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.rack
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.node is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.node
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.reduces
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.reduce.speculative
Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true
Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Metastore connection User: hive
Starting metastore schema initialization to 0.12.0
Initialization script hive-schema-0.12.0.mysql.sql
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completeted

查看初始化后信息 schematool -dbType mysql -info

初始化后查看mysql中表情况：show tables;

 
 
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mysql&gt; show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_hive            |
+---------------------------+
| BUCKETING_COLS            |
| CDS                       |
| COLUMNS_V2                |
| DATABASE_PARAMS           |
| DBS                       |
| DB_PRIVS                  |
| DELEGATION_TOKENS         |
| GLOBAL_PRIVS              |
| IDXS                      |
| INDEX_PARAMS              |
| MASTER_KEYS               |
| NUCLEUS_TABLES            |
| PARTITIONS                |
| PARTITION_EVENTS          |
| PARTITION_KEYS            |
| PARTITION_KEY_VALS        |
| PARTITION_PARAMS          |
| PART_COL_PRIVS            |
| PART_COL_STATS            |
| PART_PRIVS                |
| ROLES                     |
| ROLE_MAP                  |
| SDS                       |
| SD_PARAMS                 |
| SEQUENCE_TABLE            |
| SERDES                    |
| SERDE_PARAMS              |
| SKEWED_COL_NAMES          |
| SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP  |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST        |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES |
| SKEWED_VALUES             |
| SORT_COLS                 |
| TABLE_PARAMS              |
| TAB_COL_STATS             |
| TBLS                      |
| TBL_COL_PRIVS             |
| TBL_PRIVS                 |
| TYPES                     |
| TYPE_FIELDS               |
| VERSION                   |
+---------------------------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。

[三]、Remote方式

以Mysql数据库(192.168.6.77)为例：创建好用户：hive；database：hive_meta。Remote方式需要分别配置服务端和客户端的配置文件：

服务端的 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下：

 
 
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<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.6.77/hive_meta?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  <value>hive</value>
  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  <value>micmiu</value>
  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
 
<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
  <!-- base hdfs path -->
  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
  <description>base hdfs path :location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
<!-- micmiu.com -->

ps：需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中

如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

客户端中配置内容修改如下：

 
 
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<!-- thrift://<host_name>:<port> 默认端口是9083 -->
<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
  <value>thrift://192.168.6.77:9083</value>
  <description>Thrift uri for the remote metastore. Used by metastore client to connect to remote metastore.</description>
</property>
 
<!--  hive表的默认存储路径 -->
<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
  <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>

hive metastore 服务端启动命令：
hive --service metastore -p <port_num>
如果不加端口默认启动：hive --service metastore，则默认监听端口是：9083 ，注意客户端中的端口配置需要和启动监听的端口一致。服务端启动正常后，客户端就可以执行hive操作了。

参考：

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/AdminManual+MetastoreAdmin

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