原文：https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman/Rosetta
https://old-en.opensuse.org/Software_Management_Command_Line_Comparison
http://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/cli_vs_yum.html
| ty | co | Action | 行动 | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo | ty |
| Basic operations 基本操作 | 1 | Install a package(s) by name | 按名称安装软件包 | pacman -S | dnf install | apt install | zypper install zypper in |
emerge [-a] | Basic operations 基本操作 |
| 2 | Remove a package(s) by name | 按名称删除包 | pacman -Rs | dnf remove | apt remove | zypper remove zypper rm |
emerge -C | ||
| 3 | Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. | 通过在名称，描述，简短描述中搜索表达式来搜索包。默认搜索的确切字段在每个工具中都有所不同。大多数选项带来了相同的工具。 | pacman -Ss | dnf search | apt search | zypper search zypper se [-s] |
emerge -S | ||
| 4 | Upgrade Packages - Install packages which have an older version already installed | 升级包 - 安装已安装旧版本的包 | pacman -Syu | dnf upgrade | apt update && apt upgrade | zypper update zypper up | emerge -u world | ||
| 5 | Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates. | 升级包 - 另一种形式的更新命令，可以执行更复杂的更新 - 例如分发升级。当通常的更新命令将省略包更新（包括依赖关系的更改）时，此命令可以执行这些更新。 | pacman -Syu | dnf distro-sync | apt update && apt dist-upgrade | zypper dup | emerge -uDN world | ||
| 6 | Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information. | 清理所有本地缓存 。选项可能会限制实际清理的内容。 Autoclean仅删除不需要的过时信息。 | pacman -Sc pacman -Scc |
dnf clean all | apt autoclean apt clean |
zypper clean | eclean distfiles | ||
| 7 | Remove dependencies that are no longer needed, because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed. | 删除不再需要的依赖项，例如删除了需要依赖项的包。 | pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs - | dnf autoremove | apt autoremove | zypper rm -u | emerge --depclean | ||
| 8 | Remove packages no longer included in any repositories. | 删除不再包含在任何存储库中的包。 | pacman -Qmq | pacman -Rs - | dnf repoquery --extras | aptitude purge '~o' | ||||
| 9 | Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required. | 将先前作为依赖项安装的包标记为明确要求。 | pacman -D --asexplicit | dnf mark install | apt-mark manual | emerge --select | |||
| 10 | Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required. | 安装包作为依赖/没有明确要求的标记。 | pacman -S --asdeps | dnf install => dnf mark remove | apt-mark auto | emerge -1 | |||
| 11 | Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them | 仅下载给定的软件包而无需解压缩或安装它们 | pacman -Sw | dnf download | apt install --download-only (into the package cache) apt download (bypass the package cache) |
zypper --download-only | emerge --fetchonly | ||
| 12 | Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session | 启动shell以在一个会话中输入多个命令 | apt-config shell | zypper shell | |||||
| 13 | Show a log of actions taken by the software management. | 显示软件管理所采取的操作的日志。 | cat /var/log/pacman.log | dnf history | cat /var/log/dpkg.log | cat /var/log/zypp/history | located in /var/log/portage | ||
| 14 | Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.) | 获取整个系统信息的转储 - 打印，保存或类似包管理系统的当前状态。首选输出是文本或XML。 （注意：为什么或者在这里？没有工具提供选择输出格式的选项。） | (see /var/lib/pacman/local) | (see /var/lib/rpm/Packages) | apt-cache stats | n/a | emerge --info | ||
| 15 | e-mail delivery of package changes | 电子邮件传递包更改 | apt install apt-listchanges | ||||||
| Querying specific packages 查询特定包 | 1 | Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other. | 显示有关包的所有或大部分信息。 工具对默认命令的详细程度各不相同。 但是通过选项，这些工具彼此相同。 | pacman -[S|Q]i | dnf list, dnf info | apt show / apt-cache policy | zypper info zypper if | emerge -S; emerge -pv; eix | Querying specific packages 查询特定包 |
| 2 | Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc. | 显示本地包信息：名称，版本，描述等。 | pacman -Qi | rpm -qi / dnf info installed | dpkg -s / aptitude show | zypper info; rpm -qi | emerge -pv and emerge -S | ||
| 3 | Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc. | 显示远程包信息：名称，版本，描述等。 | pacman -Si | dnf info | apt-cache show / aptitude show | zypper info | emerge -pv and emerge -S or equery m (meta) | ||
| 4 | Display files provided by local package | 显示本地包提供的文件 | pacman -Ql | rpm -ql | dpkg -L | rpm -Ql | equery files | ||
| 5 | Display files provided by a remote package | 显示远程包提供的文件 | pacman -Fl | dnf repoquery -l or repoquery -l (from package yum-utils) | apt-file list $pattern | pfl | |||
| 6 | Query the package which provides FILE | 查询提供FILE的包 | pacman -Qo | rpm -qf (installed only) or dnf provides (everything) or repoquery -f (from package yum-utils) | dpkg -S / dlocate | zypper search -f | equery belongs | ||
| 7 | List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands. | 列出程序包包含的文件。 同样，此功能可以通过其他更复杂的命令来模仿。 | pacman -Ql pacman -Fl |
dnf repoquery -l | dpkg-query -L | rpm -ql | equery files | ||
| 8 | Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command. | 显示提供给定exp的包。 又名反向提供。 主要是搜索特定字段的快捷方式。 其他工具可能通过搜索命令提供此功能。 | pacman -Fo | dnf provides | apt-file search | zypper what-provides zypper wp | equery belongs (only installed packages); pfl | ||
| 9 | Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality. | 搜索所有包以查找包含指定文件的包。 auto-apt正在使用此功能。 | pacman -Fs | dnf provides | apt-file search | zypper search -f | equery belongs | ||
| 10 | Show the changelog of a package | 显示包的更改日志 | pacman -Qc | rpm -q --changelog | apt-get changelog | rpm -q --changelog | equery changes -f | ||
| Querying package lists 查询包列表 | 1 | Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. | 通过在名称，描述，简短描述中搜索表达式来搜索包。默认搜索的确切字段在每个工具中都有所不同。大多数选项带来了相同的工具。 | pacman -Ss | dnf search | apt search | zypper search zypper se [-s] | emerge -S | Querying package lists 查询包列表 |
| 2 | Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options. | 列出具有可用更新的包。注意：有些命令提供特殊命令来限制输出到某些安装源，其他命令则使用选项。 | pacman -Qu | dnf list updates, dnf check-update | apt-get upgrade -> n | zypper list-updates zypper patch-check (just for patches) | emerge -uDNp world | ||
| 3 | Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source. | 显示由包管理处理的所有安装源中的所有包的列表。某些工具提供选项或其他命令以限制输出到特定安装源。 | pacman -Sl | dnf list available | apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames | zypper packages | emerge -ep world | ||
| 4 | Generates a list of installed packages | 生成已安装包的列表 | pacman -Q | dnf list installed | dpkg --list | grep ^i | zypper search --installed-only | emerge -ep world | ||
| 5 | List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore). | 列出已安装但在任何安装源（不再）中都不可用的软件包。 | pacman -Qm | dnf list extras | deborphan | zypper se -si | grep 'System Packages' | eix-test-obsolete | ||
| 6 | List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it. | 列出最近添加到其中一个安装源的软件包，即新的安装源。 | (none) | dnf list recent | aptitude search '~N' / aptitude forget-new | n/a | eix-diff | ||
| 7 | List installed local packages along with version | 列出已安装的本地软件包以及版本 | pacman -Q | rpm -qa | dpkg -l | zypper search -s; rpm -qa | emerge -e world | ||
| 8 | Search locally installed package for names or descriptions | 在本地安装的包中搜索名称或描述 | pacman -Qs | rpm -qa '*<str>*' | aptitude search '~i(~n $name|~d $description)' | eix -S -I | |||
| 9 | List packages not required by any other package | 列出任何其他包不需要的包 | pacman -Qt | package-cleanup --all --leaves | deborphan -anp1 | ||||
| 10 | List packages installed explicitly (not as dependencies) | 列出明确安装的包（不是依赖项） | pacman -Qe | dnf history userinstalled | apt-mark showmanual | ||||
| 11 | List packages installed automatically (as dependencies) | 列出自动安装的包（作为依赖项） | pacman -Qd | apt-mark showauto | |||||
| Querying package dependencies 查询包依赖项 | 1 | Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse dependencies. | 显示需要安装X的软件包，也就是显示反向依赖项。 | pacman -Sii | dnf repoquery --alldeps --whatrequires or repoquery --whatr[equires] | apt-cache rdepends / aptitude search ~D$pattern | zypper search --requires | equery depends | Querying package dependencies 查询包依赖项 |
| 2 | Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function. | 显示与给定表达式（通常是包）冲突的包。 也可以使用搜索来模仿此功能。 | dnf repoquery --conflicts | aptitude search '~C$pattern' | |||||
| 3 | List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies. | 列出给定包所需的所有包，即show dependencies。 | pacman -[S|Q]i | dnf repoquery --requires or repoquery -R | apt-cache depends / apt-cache show | zypper info --requires | emerge -ep | ||
| 4 | List what the current package provides | 列出当前包提供的内容 | dnf provides | dpkg -s / aptitude show | zypper info --provides | equery files | |||
| 5 | List all packages that require a particular package | 列出需要特定包的所有包 | dnf repoquery --alldeps --whatrequires | aptitude search ~D{depends,recommends,suggests}:$pattern / aptitude why | zypper search --requires | equery depends -a | |||
| 6 | Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes. | 显示指定包废弃的所有包。 | dnf list obsoletes | apt-cache show | |||||
| 7 | Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s). | 生成适合于使用dotty处理给定包的输出。 | apt-cache dotty | n/a | |||||
| Installation sources management 安装源管理 | 1 | Installation sources management | 安装源管理 | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf | ${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo | ${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list | ${EDITOR} /etc/zypp/repos.d/${REPO}.repo | layman | Installation sources management 安装源管理 |
| 2 | Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and dnf force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source. | 将安装源添加到系统。 某些工具为某些源提供附加命令，其他工具允许add命令的所有类型的源URI。 其他人，比如apt和dnf强制编辑源列表。 apt-cdrom是一个特殊的命令，它提供CD / DVD的特殊选项设计作为源。 | /etc/pacman.conf | /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo | apt-cdrom add | zypper service-add | layman, overlays | ||
| 3 | Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources. | 刷新有关指定安装源或所有安装源的信息。 | pacman -Sy (always upgrade the whole system afterwards) | dnf clean expire-cache && dnf check-update | apt-get update | zypper refresh zypper ref | emerge --sync;layman -S | ||
| 4 | Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc. | 打印所有安装源的列表，包括URI，别名等重要信息。 | cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | cat /etc/yum.repos.d/* | apt-cache policy | zypper service-list | layman -l | ||
| 5 | List all packages from a certain repo | 列出某个仓库中的所有包裹 | paclist <repo> | ||||||
| 6 | Disable an installation source for an operation | 禁用操作的安装源 | dnf --disablerepo= | emerge package::repo-to-use | |||||
| 7 | Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed. | 从分发版本的不同版本下载软件包。 | dnf --releasever= | apt-get install -t release package/ apt-get install package/release (deps not covered) | echo "category/package ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords && emerge package | ||||
| Overrides 覆盖 | 1 | Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed | 添加程序包锁定规则以防止其当前状态发生更改 | /etc/pacman.conf modify IgnorePkg array |
dnf.conf <--”exclude” option (add/amend) | apt-mark hold pkg | Put package name in /etc/zypp/locks, or zypper al | /etc/portage/package.mask | Overrides 覆盖 |
| 2 | Delete a package lock rule | 删除包锁定规则 | remove package from IgnorePkg line in /etc/pacman.conf | apt-mark unhold pkg | Remove package name from /etc/zypp/locks or zypper rl | /etc/portage/package.mask (or package.unmask) | |||
| 3 | Show a listing of all lock rules | 显示所有锁定规则的列表 | cat /etc/pacman.conf | /etc/apt/preferences | View /etc/zypp/locks or zypper ll | cat /etc/portage/package.mask | |||
| 4 | Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source. | 设置给定包的优先级以避免升级，强制降级或覆盖任何默认行为。 也可用于优先选择某个安装源的软件包版本。 | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays |
/etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy | zypper mr -p | ${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords Add a line with =category/package-version |
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| 5 | Remove a previously set priority | 删除先前设置的优先级 | /etc/apt/preferences | zypper mr -p | ${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords remove offending line |
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| 6 | Show a list of set priorities. | 显示设置优先级列表。 | apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences | zypper lr -p | cat /etc/portage/package.keywords | ||||
| 7 | Ignores problems that priorities may trigger. | 忽略优先级可能触发的问题。 | n/a | ||||||
| Verification and repair 验证和修复 | 1 | Verify single package | 验证单个包 | pacman -Qk[k] | rpm -V | debsums | rpm -V | equery check | Verification and repair 验证和修复 |
| 2 | Verify all packages | 验证所有包 | pacman -Qk[k] | rpm -Va | debsums | rpm -Va | equery check | ||
| 3 | Reinstall given Package - Will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle. | 重新安装给定的包 - 将重新安装给定的包没有依赖性麻烦。 | pacman -S | dnf reinstall | apt install --reinstall | zypper install --force | emerge -1O | ||
| 4 | Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed. | 验证整个系统的依赖关系。 如果强制终止安装过程，则使用。 | pacman -Dk | dnf repoquery --requires | apt-get check | zypper verify | emerge -uDN world | ||
| 5 | Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system | 使用一些魔法来修复系统中破坏的依赖项 | pacman dep level - pacman -Dk, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs or lddd | dnf repoquery --unsatisfied | apt-get --fix-broken aptitude install |
zypper verify | revdep-rebuild | ||
| 6 | Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback | 将检查点添加到包系统以便以后回滚 | (unnecessary, done on every transaction) | n/a | |||||
| 7 | Remove a checkpoint from the system | 从系统中删除检查点 | N/A | N/A | n/a | ||||
| 8 | Provide a list of all system checkpoints | 提供所有系统检查点的列表 | N/A | dnf history list | n/a | ||||
| 9 | Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint. | 将整个包裹卷回特定日期或检查点。 | N/A | dnf history rollback | n/a | ||||
| 10 | Undo a single specified transaction. | 撤消单个指定的事务。 | N/A | dnf history undo | n/a | ||||
| Using package files and building packages 使用包文件和构建包 | 1 | Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database | 查询命令行上提供的包而不是包管理数据库中的条目 | pacman -Qp | rpm -qp | dpkg -I | Using package files and building packages 使用包文件和构建包 | ||
| 2 | List the contents of a package file | 列出包文件的内容 | pacman -Qpl | rpmls rpm -qpl | dpkg -c | rpm -qpl | |||
| 3 | Installs local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | 安装本地包文件，例如 app.rpm并使用安装源来解决依赖关系 | pacman -U | dnf install | apt install | zypper in | emerge | ||
| 4 | Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | 使用本地软件包更新软件包，并使用安装源来解决依赖关系 | pacman -U | dnf upgrade | debi | emerge | |||
| 5 | Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes. | 将本地程序包添加到本地程序包高速缓存主要用于调试目的。 | cp $filename /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ | apt-cache add | n/a | cp $filename /usr/portage/distfiles | |||
| 6 | Extract a package | 提取包 | tar -Jxvf | rpm2cpio | cpio -vid | dpkg-deb -x | rpm2cpio | cpio -vid | tar -jxvf | ||
| 7 | Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package. | 安装/删除包以满足构建依赖性。 使用源包中的信息。 | automatic | dnf builddep | apt-get build-dep | zypper si -d | emerge -o | ||
| 8 | Display the source package to the given package name(s) | 将源包显示给给定的包名称 | dnf repoquery -s | apt-cache showsrc | n/a | ||||
| 9 | Downloads the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s) | 将相应的源包下载到给定的包名称 | Use ABS && makepkg -o | dnf download --source | apt-get source / debcheckout | zypper source-install | emerge --fetchonly | ||
| 10 | Build a package | 构建一个包 | makepkg -s | rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot) |
debuild | rpmbuild -ba; build; osc build | ebuild; quickpkg | ||
| 11 | Check for possible packaging issues | 检查可能的包装问题 | namcap | rpmlint | lintian | rpmlint | repoman |