前期准备：Vmware workstaton虚拟机软件及可用的Centos7系统

1、在虚拟机中新添一块120G的硬盘，已备分区使用，重启系统即可进行分区操作。
2、查看系统上是否识别出的新增的硬盘：
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part /data
sdb 8:16 0 120G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom

3、下面对/dev/sdb硬盘进行分区，硬盘一共120G要求分3个分区，第一个分区为40G，第二个分区为50G，第三个分区为30G：
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x15c20061.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-251658239, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-251658239, default 251658239): +40G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 40 GiB is set

Command (m for help): N
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (83888128-251658239, default 83888128):
Using default value 83888128
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (83888128-251658239, default 251658239): +50G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (188745728-251658239, default 188745728):
Using default value 188745728
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (188745728-251658239, default 251658239):
Using default value 251658239
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 30 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

4、查看分区效果：
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part /data
sdb 8:16 0 120G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 40G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 50G 0 part
└─sdb3 8:19 0 30G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom

5、通知内核读取更新的分区表：
查看分区表是否更新：
[root@centos7 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name

8 0 209715200 sda
8 1 1048576 sda1
8 2 52428800 sda2
8 3 2097152 sda3
8 4 1 sda4
8 5 10485760 sda5
8 16 125829120 sdb
8 17 41943040 sdb1
8 18 52428800 sdb2
8 19 31456256 sdb3
11 0 10491904 sr0
成功分区后即可制作文件系统了。

6、对新硬盘分区创建文件系统
新增磁盘分区完成后，开始制作文件系统。对sdb1分区进行制做xfs文件系统为例，以演示创建文件系统，其它分区方法一样。
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2621440 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=10485760, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=5120, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
查看/dev/sdb1的分区类型：
[root@centos7 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="bfb9c261-33b4-4602-91ea-a71995a8ef96" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="4f823650-e522-46fa-9904-c1e7476f89ad" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="8cc37a26-d321-4331-a020-05f3a08af552" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda5: UUID="0f16b61c-d601-4783-8e3d-0a6452aad27d" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="fd61aaf0-bc8e-4da4-8e66-d29d5696b2d5" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2018-11-26-14-22-58-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
可见sdb1分区已经创建完成，下面就可以挂载分区后正常使用了。

7、挂载新硬盘分区：挂载/dev/sdb1分区：
创建/dev/sdb1分区的挂载点：
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /madedu_data
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /magedu_data
mount: mount point /magedu_data does not exist
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /madedu_data
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 50G 3.9G 47G 8% /
devtmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.2G 11M 1.2G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 10G 33M 10G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 174M 841M 18% /boot
tmpfs 233M 0 233M 0% /run/user/0
tmpfs 233M 12K 233M 1% /run/user/42
/dev/sdb1 40G 33M 40G 1% /madedu_data

8、配置开机自动挂载
挂载完成后，记住要写在/etc/fstab配置文件里，使其新增磁盘分区在开机后能自动挂载。
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab

#

/etc/fstab

Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 3 22:00:10 2019

#

Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#
UUID=4f823650-e522-46fa-9904-c1e7476f89ad / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=bfb9c261-33b4-4602-91ea-a71995a8ef96 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=0f16b61c-d601-4783-8e3d-0a6452aad27d /data xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=8cc37a26-d321-4331-a020-05f3a08af552 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /madedu_data xfs
defaults 0 0
将此内容添加其中：/dev/sdb1 /magedu_data xfs defaults 0 0
检查配置文件的语法：
[root@Magedu ~]# mount -a

执行该命令后，没有报错，说明配置文件正确，能开机自动挂载，到此整个新增硬盘、分区、制作文件系统以及自动挂载配置全过程完成结束。