SaltStack数据系统
SaltStack有两大数据系统，分别是：
- Grains
- Pillar
SaltStack数据系统的组件
SaltStack组件之Grains
Grains是SaltStack的一个组件，其存放着minion启动时收集到的信息。
Grains是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一，因为我们在做配置部署的过程中会经常使用它，Grains是SaltStack记录minion的一些静态信息的组件。可简单理解为Grains记录着每台minion的一些常用属性，比如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络信息等。我们可以通过grains.items查看某台minion的所有Grains信息。
Grains的功能：
- 收集资产信息
Grains应用场景：
- 信息查询
- 在命令行下进行目标匹配
- 在top file中进行目标匹配
- 在模板中进行目标匹配
模板中进行目标匹配请查看官方文档：
SaltStack官方文档
信息查询实例
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' grains.items
node1:
----------
biosreleasedate:
02/27/2020
biosversion:
6.00
cpu_flags:
- fpu
- vme
- de
- pse
- tsc
- msr
- pae
- mce
- cx8
- apic
- sep
- mtrr
- pge
- mca
- cmov
- pat
- pse36
- clflush
- mmx
- fxsr
- sse
- sse2
- ss
- syscall
- nx
- pdpe1gb
- rdtscp
- lm
- constant_tsc
- arch_perfmon
- nopl
- xtopology
- tsc_reliable
- nonstop_tsc
- cpuid
- pni
- pclmulqdq
- ssse3
- fma
- cx16
- pcid
- sse4_1
- sse4_2
- x2apic
- movbe
- popcnt
- tsc_deadline_timer
- aes
- xsave
- avx
- f16c
- rdrand
- hypervisor
- lahf_lm
- abm
- 3dnowprefetch
- cpuid_fault
- invpcid_single
- pti
- ssbd
- ibrs
- ibpb
- stibp
- fsgsbase
- tsc_adjust
- bmi1
- avx2
- smep
- bmi2
- invpcid
- rdseed
- adx
- smap
- clflushopt
- xsaveopt
- xsavec
- xsaves
- arat
- md_clear
- flush_l1d
- arch_capabilities
cpu_model:
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-9300H CPU @ 2.40GHz
cpuarch:
x86_64
cwd:
/
disks:
- sr0
- sda
dns:
----------
domain:
ip4_nameservers:
- 114.114.114.114
ip6_nameservers:
nameservers:
- 114.114.114.114
options:
search:
sortlist:
domain:
fqdn:
node1
fqdn_ip4:
- 192.168.100.20
fqdn_ip6:
- fe80::baf8:3da3:ce41:8484
fqdns:
- node1
gid:
0
gpus:
|_
----------
model:
SVGA II Adapter
vendor:
vmware
groupname:
root
host:
node1
hwaddr_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
00:0c:29:c8:f3:ae
lo:
00:00:00:00:00:00
id:
node1
init:
systemd
ip4_gw:
192.168.100.2
ip4_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.100.20
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
ip6_gw:
False
ip6_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- fe80::baf8:3da3:ce41:8484
lo:
- ::1
ip_gw:
True
ip_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.100.20
- fe80::baf8:3da3:ce41:8484
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
ipv4:
- 127.0.0.1
- 192.168.100.20
ipv6:
- ::1
- fe80::baf8:3da3:ce41:8484
kernel:
Linux
kernelparams:
|_
- BOOT_IMAGE
- (hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
|_
- root
- /dev/mapper/cs-root
|_
- ro
- None
|_
- crashkernel
- auto
|_
- resume
- /dev/mapper/cs-swap
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- cs/root
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- cs/swap
|_
- rhgb
- None
|_
- quiet
- None
kernelrelease:
4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
kernelversion:
#1 SMP Thu Dec 3 22:16:23 UTC 2020
locale_info:
----------
defaultencoding:
UTF-8
defaultlanguage:
zh_CN
detectedencoding:
UTF-8
timezone:
EDT
localhost:
node1
lsb_distrib_codename:
CentOS Stream 8
lsb_distrib_id:
CentOS Stream
lsb_distrib_release:
8
lvm:
----------
cs:
- root
- swap
machine_id:
58b35e9af791430083a37dc2e24a33a9
manufacturer:
VMware, Inc.
master:
192.168.100.10
mdadm:
mem_total:
1789
nodename:
node1
num_cpus:
2
num_gpus:
1
os:
CentOS Stream
os_family:
RedHat
osarch:
x86_64
oscodename:
CentOS Stream 8
osfinger:
CentOS Stream-8
osfullname:
CentOS Stream
osmajorrelease:
8
osrelease:
8
osrelease_info:
- 8
path:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
pid:
190448
productname:
VMware Virtual Platform
ps:
ps -efHww
pythonexecutable:
/usr/bin/python3.6
pythonpath:
- /usr/bin
- /usr/lib64/python36.zip
- /usr/lib64/python3.6
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
- /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
pythonversion:
- 3
- 6
- 8
- final
- 0
saltpath:
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/salt
saltversion:
3003.1
saltversioninfo:
- 3003
- 1
selinux:
----------
enabled:
True
enforced:
Permissive
serialnumber:
VMware-56 4d 42 34 4c f4 54 e8-e6 1e 42 2c e5 c8 f3 ae
server_id:
1797241226
shell:
/bin/sh
ssds:
swap_total:
2047
systemd:
----------
features:
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=legacy
version:
239
systempath:
- /usr/local/sbin
- /usr/local/bin
- /usr/sbin
- /usr/bin
uid:
0
username:
root
uuid:
34424d56-f44c-e854-e61e-422ce5c8f3ae
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.3.4
只查询所有的grains的key
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' grains.ls
node1:
- biosreleasedate
- biosversion
- cpu_flags
- cpu_model
- cpuarch
- cwd
- disks
- dns
- domain
- fqdn
- fqdn_ip4
- fqdn_ip6
- fqdns
- gid
- gpus
- groupname
- host
- hwaddr_interfaces
- id
- init
- ip4_gw
- ip4_interfaces
- ip6_gw
- ip6_interfaces
- ip_gw
- ip_interfaces
- ipv4
- ipv6
- kernel
- kernelparams
- kernelrelease
- kernelversion
- locale_info
- localhost
- lsb_distrib_codename
- lsb_distrib_id
- lsb_distrib_release
- lvm
- machine_id
- manufacturer
- master
- mdadm
- mem_total
- nodename
- num_cpus
- num_gpus
- os
- os_family
- osarch
- oscodename
- osfinger
- osfullname
- osmajorrelease
- osrelease
- osrelease_info
- path
- pid
- productname
- ps
- pythonexecutable
- pythonpath
- pythonversion
- saltpath
- saltversion
- saltversioninfo
- selinux
- serialnumber
- server_id
- shell
- ssds
- swap_total
- systemd
- systempath
- uid
- username
- uuid
- virtual
- zfs_feature_flags
- zfs_support
- zmqversion
查询某个key的值，例如获取ip地址
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get fqdn_ip4
node1:
- 192.168.100.20
master:
- 192.168.100.10
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get ip4_interfaces
node1:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.100.20
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
master:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.100.10
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get ip4_interfaces:ens33
master:
- 192.168.100.10
node1:
- 192.168.100.20
使用grains来匹配minion
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS Stream' cmd.run 'date'
master:
Mon Jul 4 06:04:23 EDT 2021
node1:
Mon Jul 4 06:04:23 EDT 2021
在top file里面使用Grains
[root@master base]# vim /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
'os:CentOS Stream':
- match: grains
- web.nginx.install
//在minion端停止nginx
[root@node1 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' state.highstate
node1:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 06:09:55.628492
Duration: 878.447 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx-service
Function: service.running
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: Service nginx is already enabled, and is running
Started: 06:09:56.508264
Duration: 153.803 ms
Changes:
----------
nginx:
True
Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 1.032 s
//再次查看minion的服务
[root@node1 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
自定义Grains的两种方法：
- minion配置文件，在配置文件中搜索grains
- 在/etc/salt下生成一个grains文件，在此文件中定义(推荐方式)
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/salt/
[root@node1 salt]# vim grains
test-grains: linux-node1
[root@node1 salt]# systemctl restart salt-minion
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get test-grains
master:
node1:
Minion did not return. [No response]
The minions may not have all finished running and any remaining minions will return upon completion. To look up the return data for this job later, run the following command:
salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210705101448171250
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210705101448171250
master:
node1:
linux-node1
不重启的情况下自定义grains：
[root@node1 salt]# vim grains
test-grains: linux-node1
zdj: test
[root@master ~]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
node1:
master:
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get zdj
master:
node1:
Minion did not return. [No response]
The minions may not have all finished running and any remaining minions will return upon completion. To look up the return data for this job later, run the following command:
salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210705101830906882
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210705101830906882
master:
node1:
test
SaltStack组件之Pillar
Pillar也是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一，是数据管理中心，经常配置states在大规模的配置管理工作中使用它。Pillar在SaltStack中主要的作用就是存储和定义配置管理中需要的一些数据，比如软件版本号、用户名密码等信息，它的定义存储格式与Grains类似，都是YAML格式。
在Master配置文件中有一段Pillar settings选项专门定义Pillar相关的一些参数：
#pillar_roots:
# base:
# - /srv/pillar
默认Base环境下Pillar的工作目录在/srv/pillar目录下。若你想定义多个环境不同的Pillar工作目录，只需要修改此处配置文件即可。
Pillar的特点：
- 可以给指定的minion定义它需要的数据
- 只有指定的人才能看到定义的数据
- 在master配置文件里设置
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
node1:
----------
master:
----------
默认pillar是没有任何信息的，如果想查看信息，需要在 master 配置文件上把 pillar_opts的注释取消，并将其值设为 True。
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
# master config file that can then be used on minions.
pillar_opts: True
# The pillar_safe_render_error option prevents the master from passing pillar
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
master:
----------
master:
----------
__cli:
salt-master
__role:
master
allow_minion_key_revoke:
True
archive_jobs:
False
auth_events:
True
auth_mode:
1
auto_accept:
False
azurefs_update_interval:
60
cache:
localfs
cache_sreqs:
True
cachedir:
/var/cache/salt/master
clean_dynamic_modules:
True
cli_summary:
False
client_acl_verify:
True
cluster_mode:
False
con_cache:
False
conf_file:
/etc/salt/master
config_dir:
/etc/salt
cython_enable:
False
daemon:
False
decrypt_pillar:
decrypt_pillar_default:
gpg
decrypt_pillar_delimiter:
:
decrypt_pillar_renderers:
- gpg
default_include:
......... //此处省略....行
winrepo_refspecs:
- +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
- +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
winrepo_remotes:
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo.git
winrepo_remotes_ng:
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo-ng.git
winrepo_ssl_verify:
True
winrepo_user:
worker_threads:
5
zmq_backlog:
1000
zmq_filtering:
False
zmq_monitor:
False
pillar自定义数据：
在master的配置文件里找pillar_roots可以看到其存放pillar的位置
# highstate format, and is generally just key/value pairs.
//把下列三行的注释取消
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar/base //加上base
#
#ext_pillar:
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar/base
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/pillar/base
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/pillar/base/apache.sls
{% if grains['os'] == '* %}
apache: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == '* %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}
//定义top file入口文件
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/pillar/base/top.sls
base:
'*':
- apache
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
minion1:
----------
apache:
httpd
#state
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
'*':
- web.apache.install
//salt下修改apache的状态文件，引用pillar的数据
[root@master ~]# mkdir /srv/salt/base/web/apache/
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache/install.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}
- enable: True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate
master:
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
Changes:
Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
node1:
Minion did not return. [No response]
The minions may not have all finished running and any remaining minions will return upon completion. To look up the return data for this job later, run the following command:
salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210705104137415143
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210705104137415143
master:
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
Changes:
Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
node1:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
Started: 06:41:39.078171
Duration: 9987.425 ms
Changes:
----------
apr:
----------
new:
1.6.3-11.el8
old:
apr-util:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-bdb:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-openssl:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
centos-logos-httpd:
----------
new:
85.5-1.el8
old:
httpd:
----------
new:
2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
old:
httpd-filesystem:
----------
new:
2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
old:
httpd-tools:
----------
new:
2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
old:
mod_http2:
----------
new:
1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
old:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: False
Comment: Job for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
Started: 06:41:49.075385
Duration: 10177.333 ms
Changes:
Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 1 (changed=1)
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 20.165 s
//这里看到httpd状态已经启动
[root@node1 salt]# systemctl start httpd
[root@node1 salt]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*