Httpd服务入门知识-Httpd服务常见配置案例之基于客户端来源地址实现访问控制
作者:尹正杰
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一.Options
1>.OPTIONS指令概述
Options:后跟1个或多个以空白字符分隔的选项列表
在选项前的+,- 表示增加或删除指定选项
常见选项:
Indexes:
指明的URL路径下不存在与定义的主页面资源相符的资源文件时,返回索引列表给用户
FollowSymLinks:
允许访问符号链接文件所指向的源文件
None:
全部禁用
All:
全部允许
2>.官方文档案例
3>.实战案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DocumentRoot
DocumentRoot "/data/www/html"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex
DirectoryIndex info.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep ServerRoot
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep IncludeOptional
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cp -ar /tmp/ /data/www/html/
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ln -s /etc/ /data/www/html/etcDir
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/www/html/
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Dec 8 06:50 etcDir -> /etc/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Dec 7 20:07 index.html
drwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 218 Dec 8 06:49 tmp
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/options.conf
<Directory "/data/www/html">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
Require all granted
</Directory>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
二.AllowOverride
1>.AllowOverride指令概述
与访问控制相关的哪些指令可以放在指定目录下的.htaccess(由AccessFileName指定)文件中,覆盖之前的配置指令
只对<directory>语句有效
AllowOverride All:
.htaccess中所有指令都有效
AllowOverride None:
.htaccess 文件无效
AllowOverride AuthConfig Indexes
除了AuthConfig和Indexes的其它指令都无法覆盖
2>.官方文档案例
3>.实战案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DocumentRoot
DocumentRoot "/data/www/html"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex
DirectoryIndex info.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep ServerRoot
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep IncludeOptional
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/allowOverride.conf
<Directory "/data/www/html">
AllowOverride all
Require all granted
</Directory>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/.htaccess
Options Indexes
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/www/html/
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Dec 8 06:50 etcDir -> /etc/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Dec 7 20:07 index.html
drwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 218 Dec 8 06:49 tmp
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
三.基于IP的访问控制
1>.Require指令概述
无明确授权的目录,默认拒绝
允许所有主机访问:Require all granted
拒绝所有主机访问:Require all denied
控制特定的IP访问:
Require ip IPADDR:授权指定来源的IP访问
Require not ip IPADDR:拒绝特定的IP访问
控制特定的主机访问:
Require host HOSTNAME:授权特定主机访问
Require not host HOSTNAME:拒绝
HOSTNAME:
FQDN:特定主机
domin.tld:指定域名下的所有主机 不能有失败,至少有一个成功匹配才成功,即失败优先
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
Require not ip 172.16.1.1 #拒绝特定IP
</RequireAll>
多个语句有一个成功,则成功,即成功优先
<RequireAny>
Require all denied
require ip 172.16.1.1 #允许特定IP
</RequireAny>
2>.实战案例-"RequireAll"标签
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DocumentRoot
DocumentRoot "/data/www/html"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex
DirectoryIndex info.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep ServerRoot
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep IncludeOptional
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/require.conf
<Directory "/data/www/html">
<RequireAll>
Require all granted #此处我们允许所有人都可以访问服务器
Require not ip 172.30.1.254 #但是唯独拒绝IP为"172.30.1.254"的IP地址来访问咱们的服务器
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/www/html/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Dec 7 20:07 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Dec 8 07:36 info.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/index.html
/data/www/html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/info.html
<h1>尹正杰到此一游</h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.实战案例-"RequireAny"标签
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DocumentRoot
DocumentRoot "/data/www/html"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex
DirectoryIndex info.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep ServerRoot
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep IncludeOptional
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/require.conf
<Directory "/data/www/html">
<RequireAny>
Require all denied #此处我们拒绝所有人访问服务器
Require ip 172.30.1.254 #但我们唯独允许IP为"172.30.1.254"的IP地址可以访问服务器
</RequireAny>
</Directory>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.实战案例-实现子目录的权限控制
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DocumentRoot
DocumentRoot "/data/www/html"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex
DirectoryIndex info.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep ServerRoot
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep IncludeOptional
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/require.conf
<Directory "/data/www/html">
<RequireAny>
Require all denied
Require ip 172.30.1.254 #只允许IP地址为"172.30.1.254"的客户端访问"/data/www/html"根目录
</RequireAny>
</Directory> <Directory "/data/www/html/news"> #虽然上面允许访问"/data/www/html"目录,但是咱们并不允许它访问news子目录,我们这里将所有的子目录都拒绝啦~
Require all denied
</Directory>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir /data/www/html/news
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/<h1>" > /data/www/html/news/blog.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t #检查配置文件的语法格式是否正确
Syntax OK
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd #要先检查语法再重新加载配置文件哟~别上来就直接加载配置文件,否则可能导致服务无法正常启动~
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/www/html/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Dec 7 20:07 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Dec 8 07:36 info.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 23 Dec 8 08:03 news
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/www/html/news/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 45 Dec 8 08:03 blog.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/info.html
<h1>尹正杰到此一游</h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/index.html
/data/www/html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/news/blog.html
<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/<h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#