说起时间,对于我们搞IT的人来说,那是要多重要有多重要。我觉得有价值的时间是给有抱负和有才能的人准备的,因为他们会充分利用,不会让时间失望……
呵呵,有点儿说远了,还是回归主题吧
Win32的计时器其实就是用以下两个函数控制的一个控件:
设置计时器
UINT_PTR SetTimer(
HWND hWnd,
UINT_PTR nIDEvent,
UINT uElapse,
TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc
);
关闭计时器
BOOL KillTimer( HWND hWnd,
UINT_PTR uIDEvent
);
函数KillTimer我不打算多说,只是对于多个计时器的时候,注意通过uIDEvent来关闭,不要关闭错误了
下面我讲一下个人认为比较重要的两点:
(1)实现计时器有两种主要的方式:
a)在窗口回调函数中响应WM_TIMER消息(SetTimer的第四个参数就应该设为NULL,表示不使用计时器回调函数)
b)自行写一个计时器回调函数,每一次就自动调用这个计时器回调函数(SetTimer的第四个参数就应该设为改函数的名称,TimerProc)
(2)如果是使用计时器回调函数,并用VC++6.0编译的,可能会遇到以下情况:
刚刚写计时器程序的时候,我就是按照API中给的TimerProc函数原型来调用:
#define ID_TIMER 1//计时器ID
SetTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER, 1000, TimerProc);
VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND, UINT, UINT_PTR, DWORD);
VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, UINT_PTR idEvent, DWORD dwTime)
结果发现编译有错误:(我是用VC++6.0编译的)
error C2664: 'SetTimer' : cannot convert parameter 4 from 'void (struct HWND__ *,unsigned int,unsigned long,unsigned long)' to 'void (__stdcall *)(struct HWND__ *,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned long)' , None of the functions with this name in scope match the target type
从给的提示上可以知道错误出现在类型转换上,unsigned long不能转换为unsigned int
其实就是SetTimer的第二个参数在作怪,我们先来看看这第二个参数是什么样的类型:
typedef unsigned long UINT_PTR
然而我自行定义的ID_TIMER就是一个int,但是从c语言类型规范来讲,int是可以转换成unsigned int或unsigned long的,在win32中都是32位,只是在这里VC++6.0不支持它们的转换。这个可以用一个简单的方法证明是编译器的问题:
就是如果你用vs2008来编译,没有点儿问题……
解决方法有两种:
a)一是上面讲的,用vs2008或是更高的版本来编译
b)二是依然用vc++6.0编译,但是需要将WndProc的第三个参数的类型改为UINT
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
以上就是个人觉得需要注意的地方,下面开始讲我今儿编的程序,就是利用计时器来绘制五彩缤纷的图形(我设定了三种:无边框的矩形、椭圆、圆角矩形)
算法还是比较简单,应该不需要多说,代码也有注释^_^:
//TimerDemo(定时器实例--随机大小的图形)
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdio.h>
//定义定时器ID
#define ID_TIMER 0
//图形种类
#define G_RECT 0
#define G_ELLIPSE 1
#define G_ROUNDRECT 2 //客户区大小
int cxClient, cyClient; //计数变量(控制每次绘制的图形)
int gCount = 0; LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND, UINT, UINT_PTR, DWORD); //计时器回调函数(由于我现在改用vs2008了,所以就不需要将UINT_PTR改为UINT) int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine,
int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("RandomRect");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
int cxSystem, cySystem;//系统屏幕分辨率(也就是长宽) wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName; if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
} //获取屏幕大小
cxSystem = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
cySystem = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
TEXT("RandomRect Demo"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
cxSystem / 4,//居中显示窗口
cySystem / 8,
cxSystem / 2,
cySystem * 3 / 4,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL); ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd); while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
} return msg.wParam;
} LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
SetTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER, 100, TimerProc); //启动计时器
return 0 ; case WM_SIZE:
cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
cyClient = HIWORD(lParam); return 0; case WM_DESTROY:
KillTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER);//别忘了关闭计时器
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
} return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
} VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, UINT_PTR idEvent, DWORD dwTime)
{
RECT rect;
HDC hdc;
HBRUSH hBrush; hdc = GetDC(hwnd); hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(rand()%255, rand()%255, rand()%255)); switch(gCount)
{
//无边框矩形
case G_RECT:
SetRect(&rect, rand()%cxClient, rand()%cyClient, rand()%cxClient, rand()%cyClient);
FillRect(hdc, &rect, hBrush);
break; //彩色椭圆
case G_ELLIPSE:
SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
Ellipse(hdc, rand()%cxClient, rand()%cyClient, rand()%cxClient, rand()%cyClient);
break; //圆角矩形
case G_ROUNDRECT:
SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
RoundRect(hdc, rand()%cxClient, rand()%cyClient, rand()%cxClient, rand()%cyClient, rand()%100, rand()%100);
break;
}
gCount = (gCount + 1) % 3;//继续计数,以控制下一次的图形绘制
DeleteObject(hBrush);
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
}
运行效果还是很漂亮的:
可以看见,无边矩形、椭圆、圆角矩形交错绘制,呵呵……