centos 6.2安装bind 9.8.2 master、slave与自动修改后更新

原创作品,允许转载,转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章 原始出处 、作者信息和本声明。否则将追究法律责任。http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1249311

随着公司业务的扩大,服务器的数量也随之变大,在管理上如果还是单独的使用ip来管理,十分的麻烦,而且在某些业务或者软件上,比如使用bi使用hadoop来进行数据挖掘与日志分析的时候,hadoop集群需求dns配合,如果集群机器少,可以使用/etc/hosts里设置,但如果多的话,使用dns是更好的选择,puppet的应用也是如此,所以我最近研究了一下bind技术,把我的成果分享给大家。

一.介绍

DNS 是域名系统 (Domain Name System) 的缩写,是因特网的一项核心服务,它作为可以将域名和IP地址相互映射的一个分布式数据库,能够使人更方便的访问互联网,而不用去记住能够被机器直接读取的IP数串。

主从的原理为:

原理:主dns服务器上修改完成后重启服务,会主动传送notify值,如果辅助DNS服务器没有收到才参考Refresh,Refresh 不成功,则参考Retry ,Retry 一直不成功, 则参考 Expire,如果Expire也不成功,则选择放弃zone transfer的过程。

二.测试目的

本次测试主要想达到以下2个目的:

1、dns主从;(如master与slave任何一端dns服务断掉,也可以通过从另外一端来解析域名);

2、自动更新;(如果master修改完成信息后,slave也会自动更新);

三.环境

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IP              status          domain name         system
192.168.56.104      master          ns1.test.com        centos 6.2 x86_64
192.168.56.105      slave           ns2.test.com        centos 6.2 x86_64

四、安装

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在master与slave都是使用yum来安装bind
yum install bind*

五、配置

A.在master端配置

1、修改/etc/named.conf

此文件注意是提供bind的配置

下面我的master的配置

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[root@master ~]# cat /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options { //服务器的全局配置选项及一些默认设置
listen-on port 53 { any; }; //监听端口,也可写为 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.56.104; }
#   listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; //对ip6支持
directory   "/var/named"//区域文件存储目录
dump-file   "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"//dump cach的目录directory
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query     { any; }; //指定允许进行查询的主机,当然是要所有的电脑都可以查啦
recursion yes; //设置进行递归查询
allow-transfer  { 192.168.56.105;}; //指定允许接受区域传送请求的主机,说明白一点就是辅dns的ip
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging { //指定服务器日志记录的内容和日志信息来源
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"//包含文件,这里也就是载入/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
#include "/etc/named.root.key";

注意:红色字体为需要修改的地方。

2、/etc/named.rfc1912.zones

此文件主要是保存正向解析与反向解决配置

下面是我在master里的配置

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[root@master ~]# cat /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
// and http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsop-default-local-zones-02.txt
// (c)2007 R W Franks
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
#zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
#   type master;
#   file "named.localhost";
#   allow-update { none; };
#};
zone "test.com" IN {
type master;
file "named.test.com";
notify yes;
also-notify { 192.168.56.105;};
allow-update { none;};
allow-transfer { 192.168.56.105; };
};
#zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
#   type master;
#   file "named.loopback";
#   allow-update { none; };
#};
zone "56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "192.168.56.arpa";
#   notify yes;
#   also-notify { 192.168.56.105;};
allow-update { none;};
allow-transfer { 192.168.56.105; };
};
#zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
#   type master;
#   file "named.empty";
#   allow-update { none; };
#};

说到底也就是2个功能:

1、增加一个正向解析的域名test.com,设置类型为master,同时允许在更新时候通知192.168.56.105;

2、增加一个反向节点的ip,同样设置类型为master,也允许在更新时候通知192.168.56.105;

其他不需要的地方你可以删除与注释掉。

3、到/var/named目录下,添加正向解析与反向解析的文件

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cd /var/named/
cp –p name.localhost  name.test.com
cp –p name.localhost  192.168.56.arpa

下面是我的master的正向解析配置

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[root@master named]# cat named.test.com
$TTL 1D
@   IN SOA  ns1.test.com.  root.localhost. (# SOA字段
2013070814  ; serial # 版本号 同步一次 +1,一般格式为年月日+次数,如果想在master修改一次slve就自动更新,每次修改完后必须+1,也就是说每次想slave同步master,必须保证master的serial比slave的大
60  ; refresh # 更新时间
1H  ; retry # 更新失败,重试更新时间
1W  ; expire#更新失败多长时间后此DNS失效时间
3H )    ; minimum # 解析不到请求不予回复时间
NS  ns1.test.com.
NS  ns2.test.com.
A   192.168.56.104
server  A   192.168.56.101
client1 A   192.168.56.103
ubuntu  A   192.168.56.102
ns1 A   192.168.56.104
ns2 A   192.168.56.105

说明

SOA

起始授权机构

此记录指定区域的起点。它所包含的信息有区域名、区域管理员电子邮件地址,以及指示辅 DNS服务器如何更新区域数据文件的设置等。

常用的资源记录类型[3]

A 地址 此记录列出特定主机名的 IP 地址。这是名称解析的重要记录。

CNAME 标准名称 此记录指定标准主机名的别名。

MX邮件交换器此记录列出了负责接收发到域中的电子邮件的主机

NS名称服务器此记录指定负责给定区域的名称服务器。

下面是我的master的反向解析配置

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[root@master named]# cat 192.168.56.arpa
$TTL 1D
@   IN SOA  ns1.test.com.   root.lcoalhost. (
2013070814  ; serial
60  ; refresh
1H  ; retry
1W  ; expire
3H )    ; minimum
NS  ns1.test.com.
NS  ns2.test.com.
101 PTR server.test.com.
102 PTR ubuntu.test.com.
103 PTR client1.test.com.
104 PTR ns1.test.com.
105 PTR ns2.test.com.

4、启动bind

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/etc/init.d/named start

5、把本机的dns解析指向我们刚建立的

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[root@master named]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.56.104
nameserver 192.168.56.105

6、使用nslookup测试

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[root@master named]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:59:BB:1F
inet addr:192.168.56.104  Bcast:192.168.56.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe59:bb1f/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:2761 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3224 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:255523 (249.5 KiB)  TX bytes:455771 (445.0 KiB)
[root@master named]# nslookup
> ns1.test.com
Server:     192.168.56.104
Address:    192.168.56.104#53
Name:   ns1.test.com
Address: 192.168.56.104
> ns2.test.com
Server:     192.168.56.104
Address:    192.168.56.104#53
Name:   ns2.test.com
Address: 192.168.56.105
> server.test.com
Server:     192.168.56.104
Address:    192.168.56.104#53
Name:   server.test.com
Address: 192.168.56.101
192.168.56.104
Server:     192.168.56.104
Address:    192.168.56.104#53
104.56.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = ns1.test.com.
192.168.56.105
Server:     192.168.56.104
Address:    192.168.56.104#53
105.56.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = ns2.test.com.
192.168.56.101
Server:     192.168.56.104
Address:    192.168.56.104#53
101.56.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = server.test.com.

使用dig测试

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[root@master named]# dig ns1.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> ns1.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25723
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.test.com.          IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.104#53(192.168.56.104)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 10:11:30 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 94
[root@master named]# dig ns2.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> ns2.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16279
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns2.test.com.          IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.104#53(192.168.56.104)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 10:11:33 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 94
[root@master named]# dig server.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> server.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 1422
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;server.test.com.       IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
server.test.com.    86400   IN  A   192.168.56.101
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.104#53(192.168.56.104)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 10:11:38 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 117

可以看到这些解析都是从SERVER: 192.168.56.104#53(192.168.56.104)也就是192.168.56.104这dns解析的

B、在slave端配置

1、修改/etc/named.conf

此文件注意是提供bind的配置

下面我的slave的配置

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[root@slave named]# cat /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
#   listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory   "/var/named";
dump-file   "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query     { any; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
#include "/etc/named.root.key";

2、/etc/named.rfc1912.zones

此文件主要是保存正向解析与反向解决配置

下面是我在slave里的配置

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[root@slave named]# cat /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
// and http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsop-default-local-zones-02.txt
// (c)2007 R W Franks
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
#zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
#   type master;
#   file "named.localhost";
#   allow-update { none; };
#};
zone "test.com" IN {
type slave;
file "named.test.com";
#allow-update { none;};
masters { 192.168.56.104;};
allow-update { none;};
};
#zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
#   type master;
#   file "named.loopback";
#   allow-update { none; };
#};
zone "56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type slave;
file "192.168.56.arpa";
#   allow-update { none; };
masters { 192.168.56.104;};
allow-update { none; };
};
#zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
#   type master;
#   file "named.empty";
#   allow-update { none; };
#};

3、启动slave的bind服务

由于我使用dns的master与slave的自动更新,所以在slave段不需要配置正向解析与反向解析,slave会在启动时直接从master端获取配置。

先启动bind

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/etc/init.d/named start

然后查看master端的/var/log/message的日志

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Jul  8 10:16:21 master named-sdb[2060]: client 192.168.56.105#40695: transfer of 'test.com/IN': AXFR started
Jul  8 10:16:21 master named-sdb[2060]: client 192.168.56.105#40695: transfer of 'test.com/IN': AXFR ended
Jul  8 10:16:22 master named-sdb[2060]: client 192.168.56.105#34075: transfer of '56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN': AXFR started
Jul  8 10:16:22 master named-sdb[2060]: client 192.168.56.105#34075: transfer of '56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN': AXFR ended
查看slave段的/var/log/message的日志
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: starting BIND 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 -u named -t /var/named/chroot
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: built with '--build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' '--host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' '--target=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' '--program-prefix=' '--prefix=/usr' '--exec-prefix=/usr' '--bindir=/usr/bin' '--sbindir=/usr/sbin' '--sysconfdir=/etc' '--datadir=/usr/share' '--includedir=/usr/include' '--libdir=/usr/lib64' '--libexecdir=/usr/libexec' '--sharedstatedir=/var/lib' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--with-libtool' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-ipv6' '--with-pic' '--disable-static' '--disable-openssl-version-check' '--with-dlz-ldap=yes' '--with-dlz-postgres=yes' '--with-dlz-mysql=yes' '--with-dlz-filesystem=yes' '--with-gssapi=yes' '--disable-isc-spnego' '--with-docbook-xsl=/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets' '--enable-fixed-rrset' 'build_alias=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' 'host_alias=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' 'target_alias=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' 'CFLAGS= -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' 'CPPFLAGS= -DDIG_SIGCHASE'
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: ----------------------------------------------------
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: BIND 9 is maintained by Internet Systems Consortium,
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: Inc. (ISC), a non-profit 501(c)(3public-benefit
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: corporation.  Support and training for BIND 9 are
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: available at https://www.isc.org/support
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: ----------------------------------------------------
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: adjusted limit on open files from 4096 to 1048576
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: found 2 CPUs, using 2 worker threads
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: using up to 4096 sockets
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: SDB ldap zone database module loaded.
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: SDB postgreSQL DB zone database module loaded.
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: SDB sqlite3 DB zone database module loaded.
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: SDB directory DB zone database module loaded.
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: /etc/named.rfc1912.zones:24: option 'allow-update' is not allowed in 'slave' zone 'test.com'
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: /etc/named.rfc1912.zones:38: option 'allow-update' is not allowed in 'slave' zone '56.168.192.in-addr.arpa'
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: reading built-in trusted keys from file '/etc/named.iscdlv.key'
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [102465535]
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [102465535]
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: no IPv6 interfaces found
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: listening on IPv4 interface lo, 127.0.0.1#53
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0, 192.168.56.105#53
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: generating session key for dynamic DNS
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: sizing zone task pool based on 3 zones
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: using built-in DLV key for view _default
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: set up managed keys zone for view _default, file '/var/named/dynamic/managed-keys.bind'
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: Warning: 'empty-zones-enable/disable-empty-zone' not set: disabling RFC 1918 empty zones
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 0.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 127.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 254.169.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 2.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 100.51.198.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 113.0.203.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: D.F.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 8.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 9.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: A.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: B.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: automatic empty zone: 8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.IP6.ARPA
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: running
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: zone test.com/IN: Transfer started.
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: transfer of 'test.com/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: connected using 192.168.56.105#40695
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: zone test.com/IN: transferred serial 2013070814
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: transfer of 'test.com/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 10 records, 266 bytes, 0.005 secs (53200 bytes/sec)
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: zone test.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070814)
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: zone 56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: Transfer started.
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: transfer of '56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: connected using 192.168.56.105#34075
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: zone 56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: transferred serial 2013070814
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: transfer of '56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 9 records, 283 bytes, 0.006 secs (47166 bytes/sec)
Jul  8 02:16:22 slave named-sdb[5004]: zone 56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070814)

可以在日志里看到master已经给slave发送了配置,而slave也收到了。

在系统上查看是否收到了文件

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[root@slave ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@slave named]# ll
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 named named  461 Jul  8 02:16 192.168.56.arpa
drwxr-x--- 6 named named 4096 Jul  7 21:14 chroot
drwxrwx--- 2 named named 4096 Jul  7 22:01 data
drwxrwx--- 2 named named 4096 Jul  8 02:17 dynamic
-rw-r----- 1 named named 1892 Feb 18  2008 named.ca
-rw-r----- 1 named named  152 Dec 15  2009 named.empty
-rw-r----- 1 named named  152 Jun 21  2007 named.localhost
-rw-r----- 1 named named  168 Dec 15  2009 named.loopback
-rw-r--r-- 1 named named  447 Jul  8 02:16 named.test.com
drwxrwx--- 2 named named 4096 Mar 29 06:21 slaves

可以看到系统里已经有了正常解析与反向解析

4、在本机指向刚才设置的dns

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[root@slave named]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.56.104
nameserver 192.168.56.105

5、使用dig测试

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[root@slave named]# dig ns1.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> ns1.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 53453
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.test.com.          IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.104#53(192.168.56.104)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 02:28:26 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 94
[root@slave named]# dig ns2.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> ns2.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15455
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns2.test.com.          IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.104#53(192.168.56.104)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 02:28:32 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 94
[root@slave named]# dig server.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> server.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37155
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;server.test.com.       IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
server.test.com.    86400   IN  A   192.168.56.101
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.104#53(192.168.56.104)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 02:28:36 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 117

现在dns的master与slave与自动更新配置完成。

6、我们在测试一下,如果master端修改了或者添加了配置slave端是否能接收最新的配置

我现在master端的name.test.com的配置

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[root@centos named]# cat named.test.com
$TTL 1D
@   IN SOA  ns1.test.com.  root.localhost. (
2013070822  ; serial
60  ; refresh
1H  ; retry
1W  ; expire
3H )    ; minimum
NS  ns1.test.com.
NS  ns2.test.com.
A   192.168.56.104
server  A   192.168.56.101
client1 A   192.168.56.103
ubuntu  A   192.168.56.102
ns1 A   192.168.56.104
ns2 A   192.168.56.105
test2   A   192.168.8.1
test1   A   192.168.8.12
test3   A   192.168.8.3

可以看到添加了test1-3的几个正向解析。

然后在master端重启bind

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/etc/init.d/named restart

查看master端日志

我只列出传输日志

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Jul  8 12:00:49 master named-sdb[4967]: zone 56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 2013070814
Jul  8 12:00:49 master named-sdb[4967]: zone test.com/IN: loaded serial 2013070822
Jul  8 12:00:49 master named-sdb[4967]: managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 6
Jul  8 12:00:49 master named-sdb[4967]: running
Jul  8 12:00:49 master named-sdb[4967]: zone 56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070814)
Jul  8 12:00:49 master named-sdb[4967]: zone test.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070822)
在查看slave端日志
Jul  8 04:03:36 slave named-sdb[13688]: client 192.168.56.104#48310: received notify for zone 'test.com'
Jul  8 04:03:36 slave named-sdb[13688]: zone test.com/IN: Transfer started.
Jul  8 04:03:36 slave named-sdb[13688]: transfer of 'test.com/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: connected using 192.168.56.105#37661
Jul  8 04:03:36 slave named-sdb[13688]: zone test.com/IN: transferred serial 2013070822
Jul  8 04:03:36 slave named-sdb[13688]: transfer of 'test.com/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 13 records, 332 bytes, 0.005 secs (66400 bytes/sec)
Jul  8 04:03:36 slave named-sdb[13688]: zone test.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070822)
Jul  8 04:03:37 slave named-sdb[13688]: client 192.168.56.104#21155: received notify for zone '56.168.192.in-addr.arpa'
Jul  8 04:03:37 slave named-sdb[13688]: zone 56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: notify from 192.168.56.104#21155: zone is up to date

然后在slave里查看name.test.com文件内容

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[root@cacti named]# cd /var/named/
[root@cacti named]# cat named.test.com
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 86400  1 day
test.com        IN SOA  ns1.test.com. root.localhost. (
2013070822 ; serial
60         ; refresh (1 minute)
3600       ; retry (1 hour)
604800     ; expire (1 week)
10800      ; minimum (3 hours)
)
NS  ns1.test.com.
NS  ns2.test.com.
A   192.168.56.104
$ORIGIN test.com.
client1         A   192.168.56.103
ns1         A   192.168.56.104
ns2         A   192.168.56.105
server          A   192.168.56.101
test1           A   192.168.8.12
test2           A   192.168.8.1
test3           A   192.168.8.3
ubuntu          A   192.168.56.102

可以看到成功更新了。

7、现在我们把master端的dns服务停掉,看看slave是否能解析

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[root@slave named]# dig ns1.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> ns1.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 38700
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.test.com.          IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.105#53(192.168.56.105)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 02:30:22 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 94
[root@slave named]# dig ns2.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> ns2.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 28400
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns2.test.com.          IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.105#53(192.168.56.105)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 02:30:29 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 94
[root@slave named]# dig server.test.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> server.test.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 26633
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;server.test.com.       IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
server.test.com.    86400   IN  A   192.168.56.101
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns1.test.com.
test.com.       86400   IN  NS  ns2.test.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.104
ns2.test.com.       86400   IN  A   192.168.56.105
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.56.105#53(192.168.56.105)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul  8 02:30:34 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 117

可以看到master端dbs服务断掉后,域名也可以通过slave端来进行解析。

反之,如果slave端dns服务断掉后,域名也可以通过master端进行解析。

如果测试完成后,可以把bind的服务给添加到开机启动

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[root@master named]# chkconfig --list named
named           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
[root@master named]# chkconfig --level 345 named on
[root@master named]# chkconfig --list named
named           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

同时在生产环境的配置的时候,需要把master与slave的时间弄成一致,比如使用ntp同步时间,而且别再机器上开启ipstables与selinux,否则出现你master发送notify后,slave端无法接收。

而且如果在master端增加新域名的话,需要注意的是

1、在master与slave的/etc/named.rfc1912.zones都添加配置

2、在master与slave都重启bind,如果只是master端重启,而slave端不重启,会出现在master发送配置的时候,slave日志为client 192.168.56.104#11005: received notify for zone 'xxx.com': not authoritative,同时不能接收到更新;

Slave端重启后会成功的同步

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Jul  8 04:13:18 cacti named-sdb[14449]: zone 56.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070814)
Jul  8 04:13:18 cacti named-sdb[14449]: zone test.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070822)
Jul  8 04:13:18 cacti named-sdb[14449]: zone hadoop.com/IN: Transfer started.
Jul  8 04:13:18 cacti named-sdb[14449]: transfer of 'hadoop.com/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: connected using 192.168.56.105#49804
Jul  8 04:13:18 cacti named-sdb[14449]: zone hadoop.com/IN: transferred serial 2013070813
Jul  8 04:13:18 cacti named-sdb[14449]: transfer of 'hadoop.com/IN' from 192.168.56.104#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 9 records, 265 bytes, 0.004 secs (66250 bytes/sec)
Jul  8 04:13:18 cacti named-sdb[14449]: zone hadoop.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2013070813)

可以从日志里看到同步成功。

如果在/var/log/message日志里出现一下内容

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Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns1.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'nsc.nic.uk/A/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'nsc.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns2.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns3.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'nsa.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving './NS/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns6.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:34 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'nsd.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:500:2f::f#53
Jul  8 13:36:36 master named-sdb[6324]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns3.nic.uk/AAAA/IN'2001:502:ad09::3#53

原因是try to use IPv6 transport even if the server host does not have IPv6 connectivity

解决方法:可以在直接编译配置文件/etc/sysconfig/named,去除去IPv6的解析,只解析IPv4,OPTIONS="whatever" 改为 OPTIONS="-4",注意OPTIONS选项的值可以是:whatever、-4、-6中的一

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