题目
给定一个字符串 \(S\),求 \(S\) 中 \(\forall i\in[0,n)\) 求有多少对后缀满足 \(\text{Len}(lcp)\ge i\),以及满足条件的两个后缀的权值乘积的最大值.
题解
首先将问题转化为求 \(\text{Len}(lcp)=i\) 的有多少,然后对于第一个询问求后缀和,对于第二个询问求后缀最大.
对于 \(\tt SAM\) 有个性质:对于 \(S\) 中的两个子串,找到它们所属的点 \(u,\;v\),那么他们的最长公共后缀就是 \(\text{longest}(LCA(u,v))\),其中 \(LCA(u,v)\) 定义在 \(\text{parent tree}\) 上.
证明略,对于这道题,由于我们要求的是前缀,刚好和性质相反,那么我们考虑把串倒着建 \(\tt SAM\),对于这个 \(\tt SAM\) 得到的 \(\text{parent tree}\) 的每个点,他们的子树之内所有的点相互匹配,都可以得到刚刚好 \(\text{Len}(lcp)=i\) 的组合,在树上做 \(DP\)(其实不能算 \(DP\))就可以了.
代码
# include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
namespace Elaina{
# define rep(i,l,r) for(int i=l, i##_end_ = r; i <= i##_end_; ++ i)
# define fep(i,l,r) for(int i=l, i##_end_ = r; i >= i##_end_; -- i)
# define fi first
# define se second
# define Endl putchar('\n')
# define writc(x, c) fwrit(x), putchar(c)
// # define int long long
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef unsigned int uint;
template<class T>inline T Max(const T x, const T y){return x < y ? y : x;}
template<class T>inline T Min(const T x, const T y){return x < y ? x : y;}
template<class T>inline T fab(const T x){return x < 0 ? -x : x;}
template<class T>inline void getMax(T& x, const T y){x = Max(x, y);}
template<class T>inline void getMin(T& x, const T y){x = Min(x, y);}
template<class T>T gcd(const T x, const T y){return y ? gcd(y, x % y) : x;}
template<class T>inline T readin(T x){
x=0; int f = 0; char c;
while((c = getchar()) < '0' || '9' < c) if(c == '-') f = 1;
for(x = (c ^ 48); '0' <= (c = getchar()) && c <= '9'; x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (c ^ 48));
return f ? -x : x;
}
template<class T>void fwrit(const T x){
if(x < 0)return putchar('-'), fwrit(-x);
if(x > 9)fwrit(x / 10); putchar(x % 10 ^ 48);
}
}
using namespace Elaina;
const int maxn = 3e5;
const ll inf = (1ll << 60);
int tre[maxn * 2 + 5][26];
int fa[maxn * 2 + 5];
int len[maxn * 2 + 5];
int sz[maxn * 2 + 5];
ll mx[maxn * 2 + 5], mn[maxn * 2 + 5];
int lst = 1, cnt = 1;
inline void add(const int c, const int w){
int p = lst;
int u = lst = ++ cnt;
len[u] = len[p] + 1, sz[u] = 1;
mx[u] = mn[u] = w;
for(; p && !tre[p][c]; p = fa[p]) tre[p][c] = u;
if(!p) fa[u] = 1;
else{
int q = tre[p][c];
if(len[q] == len[p] + 1) fa[u] = q;
else{
int nq = ++ cnt;
mx[nq] = -inf, mn[nq] = inf;
rep(i, 0, 25) tre[nq][i] = tre[q][i];
fa[nq] = fa[q], len[nq] = len[p] + 1;
fa[q] = fa[u] = nq;
for(; p && tre[p][c] == q; p = fa[p])
tre[p][c] = nq;
}
}
}
struct edge{int to,nxt;
edge(const int T = 0, const int N = 0) : to(T), nxt(N){}
}e[maxn * 2 + 5];
int tail[maxn * 2 + 5], ecnt;
inline void add_edge(const int u, const int v){
// printf("u == %d, v == %d\n", u, v);
e[++ ecnt] = edge(v, tail[u]); tail[u] = ecnt;
}
char s[maxn + 5];
int a[maxn + 5], n;
inline void init(){
n = readin(1); scanf("%s", s + 1);
rep(i, 1, n) a[i] = readin(1);
}
// the first query, the count of appearance
ll ans1[maxn + 5];
// the second query, the maximum value to match
ll ans2[maxn + 5];
inline int check(const int u){
return mx[u] != -inf && mn[u] != inf;
}
void dfs(const int u){
if(!mx[u]) mx[u] = -inf, mn[u] = inf;
for(int i = tail[u], v; i; i = e[i].nxt){
dfs(v = e[i].to);
ans1[len[u]] += 1ll * sz[u] * sz[v];
sz[u] += sz[v];
if(check(u))
ans2[len[u]] = Max(ans2[len[u]], Max(1ll * mx[u] * mx[v], 1ll * mn[u] * mn[v]));
mx[u] = Max(mx[u], mx[v]), mn[u] = Min(mn[u], mn[v]);
}
}
signed main(){
init();
fep(i, n, 1) add(s[i] - 'a', a[i]);
rep(i, 2, cnt) add_edge(fa[i], i);
rep(i, 0, n + 1) ans2[i] = -inf;
dfs(1);
fep(i, n - 1, 0) ans2[i] = Max(ans2[i], ans2[i + 1]), ans1[i] += ans1[i + 1];
rep(i, 0, n - 1) printf("%lld %lld\n", ans1[i], ans1[i] == 0 ? 0 : ans2[i]);
return 0;
}
本题关键
\(\tt SAM\) 的性质,对于 \(S\) 中的两个子串,找到它们所属的点 \(u,\;v\),那么他们的最长公共后缀就是 \(\text{longest}(LCA(u,v))\),其中 \(LCA(u,v)\) 定义在 \(\text{parent tree}\) 上.