我的环境是
linux-ubuntu:python2:pip
所以我的安装
pip install docker-compose
如此简单

从一个小例开始

root@ubuntu:~/test# cat docker-compose.yml

version: '2'

services:

  mariadb:

    image: 'bitnami/mariadb:latest'

    environment:

      - ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes

    volumes:

      - /path/to/mariadb-persistence:/bitnami/mariadb

root@ubuntu:~/test# docker-compose up

Creating network "test_default" with the default driver

Creating test_mariadb_1

Attaching to test_mariadb_1

mariadb_1  |

mariadb_1  | Welcome to the Bitnami mariadb container

mariadb_1  | Subscribe to project updates by watching https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb

mariadb_1  | Submit issues and feature requests at https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb/issues

mariadb_1  | Send us your feedback at containers@bitnami.com

mariadb_1  |

mariadb_1  | nami    INFO  Initializing mariadb

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO  ==> Creating 'root' user with unrestricted access...

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO  ==> Flushing privileges...

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO  ==> Enabling remote connections...

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO  ########################################################################

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO   Installation parameters for mariadb:

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO     Root Password: Not set during installation

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO   (Passwords are not shown for security reasons)

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO  ########################################################################

mariadb_1  | mariadb INFO

mariadb_1  | nami    INFO  mariadb successfully initialized

mariadb_1  | INFO  ==> Starting mariadb...

mariadb_1  | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

mariadb_1  | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

mariadb_1  | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

mariadb_1  | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.34-79.1 started; log sequence number 1616829

mariadb_1  | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139902956046080 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) not yet started

先安装吧

如果你和我的环境相同，请直接看我的 docker-compose 安装

如果是别的话，别担心，这里有
安装指南

helloworld

root@ubuntu:~/test# cat docker-compose.yml

version: '2'

services:

  mariadb:

    image: 'bitnami/mariadb:latest'

    environment:

      - ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes

    volumes:

      - /path/to/mariadb-persistence:/bitnami/mariadb

    command: echo "hello world"

root@ubuntu:~/test#

root@ubuntu:~/test#

root@ubuntu:~/test# docker-compose up

Starting test_mariadb_1

Attaching to test_mariadb_1

mariadb_1  |

mariadb_1  | Welcome to the Bitnami mariadb container

mariadb_1  | Subscribe to project updates by watching https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb

mariadb_1  | Submit issues and feature requests at https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb/issues

mariadb_1  | Send us your feedback at containers@bitnami.com

mariadb_1  |

mariadb_1  | hello world

test_mariadb_1 exited with code 0

服务更新

软升级

$ docker-compose stop wordpress

停止容器运行

$ docker-compose rm wordpress

删除老旧的容器

更新你的 image

$ docker-compose start wordpress

启动新容器

还比如

你的 nginx 更新了配置文件之后

docker-compose restart nginx

硬升级

docker-compose stop

升级你的程序

你要重新
docker-compose up

从日志得到需要的信息

直接使用 logs

docker-compose logs nginx
欧 shit 直接给我屏幕刷爆了

使用类似linux tail 命令

我们的 tial 命令一般是什么样的呢
tail -f xx.file

我们的docker-compose log 却是这样

root@ubuntu:~# docker-compose logs -f --tail 10 nginx
Attaching to root_nginx_1
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-admin/ HTTP/1.1" 302 0 "http://www.yunlan.name/wp-admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?action=lostpassword HTTP/1.1" 200 1201 "http://www.yunlan.name/wp-login.php?action=lostpassword" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?action=lostpassword HTTP/1.1" 200 1201 "-" "Mozilla"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?redirect_to=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yunlan.name%2Fwp-admin%2F&reauth=1 HTTP/1.1" 200 1265 "http://www.yunlan.name/wp-admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:19 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?redirect_to=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yunlan.name%2Fwp-admin%2F&reauth=1 HTTP/1.1" 200 1265 "-" "Mozilla"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:52 +0000] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 134 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:03 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 499 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:03 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3844 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:03 +0000] "GET /wp-content/plugins/code-prettify/prettify/run_prettify.js?ver=1.3.4 HTTP/1.1" 200 7600 "http://www.yunlan.name/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:04 +0000] "GET /wp-content/plugins/code-prettify/prettify/prettify.css HTTP/1.1" 200 722 "http://www.yunlan.name/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"

最近的10条开始

docker-compose 常用命令

Commands:

  build              Build or rebuild services

  bundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file

  config             Validate and view the compose file

  create             Create services

  down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes

  events             Receive real time events from containers

  exec               Execute a command in a running container

  help               Get help on a command

  kill               Kill containers

  logs               View output from containers

  pause              Pause services

  port               Print the public port for a port binding

  ps                 List containers

  pull               Pull service images

  push               Push service images

  restart            Restart services

  rm                 Remove stopped containers

  run                Run a one-off command

  scale              Set number of containers for a service

  start              Start services

  stop               Stop services

  top                Display the running processes

  unpause            Unpause services

  up                 Create and start containers

  version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

解释一下

build 构建或重建服务

help 命令帮助

kill 杀掉容器

logs 显示容器的输出内容

port 打印绑定的开放端口

ps 显示容器

pull 拉取服务镜像

restart 重启服务

rm 删除停止的容器

run 运行一个一次性命令

scale 设置服务的容器数目

start 开启服务

stop 停止服务

up 创建并启动容器

docker-compose 如何配置

先看看我自己写的一个 docker-compose.yml

version: '2'

services:

    nginx:

            image: bitnami/nginx:latest

            ports:

                - '80:80'

                - '1443:443'

            volumes:

                - /root/wp_yunlan/nginx/:/bitnami/nginx/

    mariadb:

            image: bitnami/mariadb:latest

            volumes:

                - /root/wp_yunlan/mariadb:/bitnami/mariadb

    wordpress:

            image: bitnami/wordpress:latest

            depends_on:

                - mariadb

                - nginx

            environment:

                - WORDPRESS_USERNAME=neptunemoon    #这个账户你是自己设定的

                - WORDPRESS_PASSWORD=123123         #这个密码是你自己设定的

            ports:

                - '8080:80'

                - '8081:443'

            volumes:

                - /root/wp_yunlan/wordpress:/bitnami/wordpress

                - /root/wp_yunlan/apache:/bitnami/apache

                - /root/wp_yunlan/php:/bitnami/php

nginx 和 mariadb，wordpress 是要启动的三个服务

顺序不是重要的,我们看见wordpress中有个 depends_on: 的属性

depends_on: 依赖

代表wordpress 依赖于

- mariadb

- nginx

两个服务， 所以他们两个会先启动

image: 镜像

就是你的 docker 镜像
我们用
docker search mariadb
找到我们需要的镜像

root@ubuntu:~/test# docker search mariadb

NAME                         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

mariadb                      MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   1192      [OK]

paintedfox/mariadb           A docker image for running MariaDB 5.5, a ...   29                   [OK]

bitnami/mariadb              Bitnami MariaDB Docker Image                    29                   [OK]

million12/mariadb            MariaDB 10 on CentOS-7 with UTF8 defaults       12                   [OK]

toughiq/mariadb-cluster      Dockerized Automated MariaDB Galera Cluste...   9                    [OK]

webhippie/mariadb            Docker images for mariadb                       6                    [OK]

panubo/mariadb-galera        MariaDB Galera Cluster                          6                    [OK]

kakilangit/mariadb           Docker for MariaDB with OQGraph & TokuDB E...   5                    [OK]

maxexcloo/mariadb            Service container with MariaDB installed a...   4                    [OK]

tcaxias/mariadb              MariaDB containers                              1                    [OK]

desertbit/mariadb            This is an extended docker image of the of...   1                    [OK]

russmckendrick/mariadb       A MariaDB image                                 1                    [OK]

drupaldocker/mariadb         MariaDB for Drupal                              1                    [OK]

jpco/mariadb                 Mariadb, so I can have it on my raspberry       1                    [OK]

clearlinux/mariadb           MariaDB Server                                  1                    [OK]

danielsreichenbach/mariadb   Minimal MariaDB container to be used as co...   0                    [OK]

lucidfrontier45/mariadb      Mariadb with some customizable properties       0                    [OK]

codete/mariadb               MariaDB docker image used at Codete.            0                    [OK]

dogstudio/mariadb            MariaDB Container for Dogs                      0                    [OK]

babim/mariadb                Mariadb Server on Alpine or Debian. Check ...   0                    [OK]

objectstyle/mariadb          ObjectStyle MariaDB Docker Image                0                    [OK]

oriaks/mariadb               MariaDB                                         0                    [OK]

yannickvh/mariadb            Custom build of MariaDB based on the offic...   0                    [OK]

gymnae/mariadb               Alpine based simple mariadb                     0                    [OK]

nimmis/mariadb               MariaDB multiple versions based on nimmis/...   0                    [OK]

root@ubuntu:~/test#

好了，就是bitnami/mariadb了

如果你看见有的么有 images ，而是一个 build， 那个说明这个不是用镜像的，而是使用 dockerfile 去构建容器。
如果要说 dockerfile 又要花很久了

想了解 dockerfile 可以看这里
编写Dockerfile

environment 环境变量

这个是在好理解不过的了。
不过这和我们程序语言设计层面的还是不一样的，这个是容器层面的环境变量。
如果我们写程序做一些逻辑判断的时候，肯定会使用
比如我们判断现在的编译器，我们会使用
#if __GNUC__ 或者 #if _MSC_VER
相应的，我们的容器里面肯定也有这样的逻辑，我们经常使用环境变量来传值，或者定义一个行为。写过程序的人都懂。

ports 端口映射

映射本机还有镜像的端口。这个没有什么好说的。

volumes 文件映射

有两种格式，
可以对应 docker 操作中的 -v my/path/:/docker/path
还可以使用单方面的 -v /path
这样的话 就相当于 一个匿名映射， 其实还是在本机有对应目录的。

使用docker inspect -f {{.Volumes}} /path 可以看到详细信息

相对这个了解更多的 深入理解Docker Volume

docker-compose 需要注意的

我根据我自己的体验，给出几点需要注意的

1. 不要把 docker 当做数据容器来使用，数据一定要用 volumes 放在容器外面
2. 不要把 docker-compose 文件暴露给别人， 因为上面有你的服务器信息
3. 多用 docker-compose 的命令去操作， 不要用 docker 手动命令&docker-compose 去同时操作
4. 写一个脚本类的东西，自动备份docker 映射出来的数据。
5. 不要把所有服务都放在一个 docker 容器里面

针对需求开始部署了

设定一个需求

我假定现在我们的需求是做一个博客系统

我们的第一印象肯定是 wordpress， 没有比这个更专业的了， 当然还有很多，我们使用 django 吧

用过 django 的肯定会知道， django 一开始是要构造工程的。
还有数据之类的

我们拟订一个过程

1. python 环境搭建
2. django 环境搭建
3. docker-compose.yml 写作
4. django 构建工程
5. django 数据库设定
6. 开始运行
7. 数据库同步

简单的单机部署

python 环境搭建

Dockerfile

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN mkdir /root/testdjango/code    #都写上绝对路径， 注意不要跟我一样。

WORKDIR /root/testdjango/code

ADD requirements.txt /root/testdjango/code/

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

ADD . /root/testdjango/code/

python 的pip 有一个requirements.txt 文件来专门放依赖环境的

django 环境搭建

requirements.txt

Django

psycopg2

docker-compose.yml 写作

db:

  image: postgres

web:

  build: .

  command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

  volumes:

    - .:/code

  ports:

    - "8000:8000"

  links:

    - db

django 构建工程

docker-compose run web django-admin.py startproject docker_composeexample .

django 数据库设定

我们做了 volumes， django 的东西在本地有映射。
做过 django 的人都知道 ，我们的设定都在 settings.py 中

root@ubuntu:~/testdjango/docker_composeexample# cat settings.py

"""

Django settings for docker_composeexample project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.6.

For more information on this file, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/

"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production

# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!

SECRET_KEY = '3*@nbl2pu$hdmpe-hy&iko_cr_-$%9g=nu2=3x_^g(vy2463d6'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!

DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

]

MIDDLEWARE = [

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'docker_composeexample.urls'

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': [],

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

        },

    },

]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'docker_composeexample.wsgi.application'

# Database

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',

        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),

    }

}

# Password validation

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',

    },

]

# Internationalization

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

root@ubuntu:~/testdjango/docker_composeexample#

我们只设置 数据库

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',

        'NAME': 'postgres',

        'USER': 'postgres',

        'HOST': 'db',

        'PORT': 5432,

    }

}

开始运行

docker-compose up

数据库同步

docker-compose run web python manage.py syncdb

集群部署

敬请期待本文的下一篇

使用docker-compose 大杀器来部署服务 下

参考

Docker Compose—简化复杂应用的利器
docker-compose 安装指南
使用Docker Compose管理多个容器
docker 入门到实践
阿里云上部署和使用Docker Swarm集群
使用Docker Compose部署基于Sentinel的高可用Redis集群