basedir=/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16
datadir=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306
一、自定义Mysql.5.7版本免编译安装:
1、Db-server1安装前期准备
前期准备先确认是否已经安装了Mysql,如果有rpm安装会影响面编译安装:
具体方法如下:
确保是否有已经rpm安装了Mysql:
[root@bogon tool]#rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64
如果有rpm包删除:
例如:
rpm -e mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64 mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64 mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64 mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
2、创建软件安装目录:
[root@bogon tool]# mkdir -p /iddbs/
将面编译安装软件包下载或者拷贝至/iddbs/下
[root@bogon iddbs]# ls
mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@bogon iddbs]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@bogon iddbs]# ls
mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
将减压目录命名为:
[root@bogon iddbs]# mv mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /iddbs/mysql-5.7.16
创建用户:
[root@bogon iddbs]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M iddbs
授权给iddbs用户:
[root@bogon iddbs]# chown -R iddbs.iddbs /iddbs/
3、做软链接可以不做如果做了软链接 basedir=/iddbs/mysql以下所有的相关联的basedir必须是basedir=/iddbs/mysql
[root@bogon iddbs]# cd /iddbs/
[root@bogon iddbs]# ls
mysql-5.7.16 mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@bogon iddbs]# ln -s mysql-5.7.16 / /iddbs/mysql
4、创建数据文件:
[root@bogon iddbs# mkdir -p /iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306
5、初始化数据库:
[root@bogon bin]# pwd
/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16/bin
[root@bogon bin]#
执行命令mysql_install_db --basedir=/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16 --datadir=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306 --user=iddbs
初始化错误:
2017-06-10 01:31:22 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2017-06-10 01:31:22 [ERROR] The data directory '/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306' already exist and is not empty.
需使用以下命令:
mysqld --initialize --user=iddbs --basedir=/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16 --datadir=/iddbsdata/mysql5.7/data3306
在执行安装时必须确保数据目录下为空及(/iddbsdata/mysql5.7/data3306下不含任何文件)否则报错
6、启动数据库常见错误及处理方法:
[root@bogon mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #将启动文件拷贝至/etc/init.d目录下以可以使用init.d启动
cp: overwrite `/etc/init.d/mysqld'? y
[root@bogon mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf #将配置文件拷贝到/etc下且名字为my.cnf
[root@bogon mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[client]
port=3306
user=iddbs
password ='newpassword'
socket=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
max_connections=1000
max_user_connections=500
wait_timeout=200
user=iddbs
server-id=5
port=3306
basedir=/iddbs/mysql5.7
datadir=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306
socket=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql.sock
pid-file=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql.pid
log-bin=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql-bin
relay-log=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/relay-bin
log-error=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql-error.log
interactive_timeout=172800
wait_timeout=172800
max_allowed_packet=16M
expire_logs_days=7
auto-increment-increment=2
auto-increment-offset=1
character-set-server=utf8
collation_server=utf8_general_ci
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb-buffer-pool-size=15G
binlog_format=row
relay_log_recovery=1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
lower_case_table_names = 1
character_set_server = utf8
event_scheduler = on
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
default-character-set = utf8
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
启动报错:
[root@bogon mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
解决方法修改mysql启动文件文件目录路径:
[root@bogon mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16
bindir=/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306
fi
sbindir=/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16/bin
libexecdir=/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
报错退出再次启动:
[root@bogon mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
启动报错:
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/iddbs/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld_safe)
为什么会出现上述情况,由于/etc/init.d/mysqld 启动时指定了/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306数据文件,但在/iddbs/mysql5.7/下是不含bin的;真正的bin文件在/iddbs/mysql-5.7.16/bin下,因此可做软链接:
ln -s /iddbs/mysql-5.7.16/bin /iddbs/mysql5.7/bin
再次启动:
[root@bogon mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!
启动服务/etc/init.d/mysqld 可使用参数
[root@bogon data3306]# /etc/init.d/mysqld
Usage: mysqld {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}
含启动、停止、重启、强制重启、状态
7、查看进程:
[root@bogon mysql]# lsof -i:3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 4098 mysql 10u IPv4 32707 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
[root@bogon support-files]# ps -ef | grep mysql| grep -v grep
root 1978 1 0 Jun09 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /iddbs/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306 --pid-file=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql.pid
iddbs 2445 1978 0 Jun09 pts/1 00:00:27 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/iddbs/mysql5.7 --datadir=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=iddbs --log-error=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql-error.log --pid-file=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql.pid --socket=/iddbs/mysql5.7/data3306/mysql.sock --port=3306
至此mysql5.7安装完成;
二、登录mysql:
[root@bogon bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
提示需要输入密码;Mysql5.7登录密码隐藏在错误日志内:
[root@bogon bin]# cd /iddbs/mysql5.7//data3306/
[root@bogon data3306]# ls
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.index mysql.pid performance_schema
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000004 mysqld_safe.pid mysql.sock sys
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000005 mysql-error.log mysql.sock.lock
[root@bogon data3306]# grep password mysql-error.log
2017-06-09T13:18:12.551595Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: &DFbeiVDs3ja #此为此次安装密码自动生成,每次安装不一样
[root@bogon data3306]# mysql -uroot -p’&DFbeiVDs3ja ’
登录以后发现不能进行任何操作:
mysql>
解决方法:
mysql> set password=password(‘newpassword’);
mysql> flush privileges;
创建iddbs用户及登录:
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'iddbs'@'localhost' identified by 'newpassword';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
使用iddbs用户登录:
[root@bogon data3306]# mysql -uiddbs -p’newpassword ’
注意可能有报错:
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Unknown error 1045
因为5.7基于安全考虑在命令行输入密码是不安全的所有禁止登录;可使用
[root@bogon data3306]# mysql -uiddbs -p
Enter password: password
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.11 sec)
三、db-server2安装
重复db-server1安装过程
四、Mysql主从同步
Mysql部署模式有:一主一从主从同步、一主多从、双主互为主从、双主多从、多主多从环状级联
此次部署采用双主互为主从模式:
- 主从复制:
a) 主从复制原理:
主从复制是由于master端binlog记录了所有操作。利用binlog实现同步
Mysql主从复制是一个异步的复制过程(但在一般情况下感觉是实施同步的),数据库数据从一个Mysql数据库(主库master)复制到另一个Mysql数据库(从库slave)。在master与slave之间实现整个主从复制的过程是由三个线程参与完成的。其中两个线程(SQL线程和IO线程)在slave端,另外一个线程(IO线程)在master端。
要是先Mysql的主从复制,首先必须打开master端的binlog(mysql-bin.XXXXXX)功能。否则无法实现主从复制。因为整个复制过程实际上就是slave从master端获取binlog日志,然后在slave自身上以相同的顺序执行获取的binlog日志中所记录的各种操作。
b) 主从复制的应用:
主从服务器互为备份,主从设置可以加强数据架构的健壮性,当主出问题时,可以人工或者自动切换到从服务器上继续提供服务。
主从服务器可实现读写分离分担网站压力。
c) 主从复制具体操作:
- 主库(master)配置文件my.cnf开启log-bin
server-id = 1
# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
log-bin=/application/mysql/mysql-bin
可以在数据库中查看:
mysql> show variables like 'log%'; #查看主库的binlog开关是否生效(ON状态)
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| log | OFF |
| log_bin | ON |
- 建立主从数据账号
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'172.22.2.%' identified by 'xuxuedong'; replication slave为同步权限。
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
主库授权账号解决从库连接主库的问题。
- 锁表数据保证同步数据一致性,
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看binlog节点位置。
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 259 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 从库获取主库节点信息:
如果是主从单复制,从库可以不开启binlog
有两种情况从库必须打开binlog:
1)级联同步:A->B->C那么B必须开启binlog
2)从库做数据备份,数据库备份必须要有全备和binlog日志
[root@CentOS ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pxuxuedong -B -A --events -S /data/3306/mysql.sock > /opt/new.mysql
[root@CentOS ~]# ls /opt/
new.mysql rh
- 解锁主库:
mysql> unlock tables ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- 数据导入从库
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -uroot -pxuxuedong -S /data/3306/mysql.sock < /opt/new.mysql
[root@CentOS 3306]# cat | mysql -uroot -pxuxuedong -S /data/3306/mysql.sock <<EOF
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='172.22.2.237',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='rep',
MASTER_PASSWORD='xuxuedong',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=259;
EOF
[root@CentOS 3306]# ls /data/3306/data/master.info
/data/3306/data/master.info
上述操作实际是将用户密码等信息写入从库的master.info中。
- 从库开始同步:
mysql> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G #查看同步。
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.22.2.223
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 370
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 363
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 370
Relay_Log_Space: 519
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
完成以上主从同步已经实现。
- 总结主从复制的步骤:
1、需要两台数据库。
2、配置my.cnf文件,主库配置log-bin和server-id参数,从库配置server-id且不能和主库以及其他从库一样;从库一般不开启log-bin功能。配置后重启服务生效。
3、登录主库增加用于连接主库同步的账号:如rep并授权replication slave同步权限。
4、登录主库,证库锁表“flush tables with read lock;”(窗口不能关闭,窗口关闭及失效。)然后show master status查看binlog的位置状态。
5、新开窗口,备份或导出原有的数据库,并拷贝到从库所在的服务器目录。如果数据量很大,并且允许停机,可停机打包,而不用mysqldump.
6、J解锁主库:unlock tables;
7、把主库导出的原有的数据恢复到从库。
8、根据主库的show master status 查看binlog的位置状态,在从库执行change master语句。
9、从库开启同步开关,start slave。
10、从库show slave status \G;查看同步状态,并在主库进行更行测试。
d) 忽略权限库同步:
1、主库下忽略mysql库及information-schema库的主从同步。及上文提及的不想同步的数据库在主库添加:
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information-schema
2、从库下可以忽略mysql同步:及replicate-ignore-db=mysql 从库主库必须同时使用