文章转自：http://www.it-hack.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=220&extra=page%3D1

一、MySQL的日常备份方案：

全备+增量备份：

1、周日凌晨三点进行全备；

2、周一到周日增量备份。

不是往常的周日全备份，周一到周六增量备份，这样如果周日数据库在完全备份前出问题，恢复完成后，会少周日一天的数据量，所以七天增量备份，周日全备可以更好的保全数据。

这是备份周期演示表：

Sun 3:00------Mon 3:00-----------------Tue 3:00----------Wed 3:00----------Thu 3:00----------Fri 3:00----------Sat 3:00----------Sun 3:00
(flush)Sun full---(flush)Sun->Mon binlog---(flush)Mon->Tue---(flush)Tue->Wed---(flush)Wed->Thu---(flush)Thu->Fri---(flush)Fri->Sat---(flush)Sun full---(flush)Sun->Mon binlog---(flush)Mon->Tue---(flush)Tue->Wed---(flush)Wed->Thu---(flush)Thu->Fri---(flush)Fri->Sat---(flush)Sun full

二、备份脚本：

模块化定制，可以随意移动，调节备份策略！

变量栏的帐号密码，文件路径根据自己实际环境可以进行修改，*度比较高，模块函数全变量，适用度较高，但是可能还有不完善的地方

vim /root/mysql_bakup.sh

#!/bin/bash
#Date:2017/5/2
#Author:wangpengtai
#Blog:http://wangpengtai.blog.51cto.com
#At Sunday, we will backup the completed databases and the incresed binary log during Saturday to Sunday.
#In other weekdays, we only backup the increaing binary log at that day!
################################
#the globle variables for MySQL#
################################
DB_USER='root'
DB_PASSWORD='123456'
DB_PORT='3306'
BACKUPDIR='/tmp/mysqlbakup'
BACKUPDIR_OLDER='/tmp/mysqlbakup_older'
DB_PID='/data/mysql/log/mysqld.pid'
DB_SOCK='/data/mysql/log/mysql.sock'
LOG_DIR='/data/mysql/log'
BACKUP_LOG='/tmp/mysqlbakup/backup.log'
DB_BIN='/usr/local/mysql/bin'
#time variables for completed backup
FULL_BAKDAY='Sunday'
TODAY=`date +%A`
DATE=`date +%Y%m%d`
###########################
#time variables for binlog#
###########################
#liftcycle for saving binlog
DELETE_OLDLOG_TIME=$(date "-d 14 day ago" +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
#The start time point to backup binlog, the usage of mysqlbinlog is --start-datetime, --stop-datetime, time format is %Y%m%d%H%M%S, eg:20170502171054, time zones is [start-datetime, stop-datetime)
#The date to start backup binlog is yesterday at this very moment!
START_BACKUPBINLOG_TIMEPOINT=$(date "-d 1 day ago" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

#BINLOG_LIST=`cat /data/mysql/log/mysql-bin.index`
BINLOG_INDEX='/data/mysql/log/mysql-bin.index'
##############################################
#Judge the mysql process is running or not. #
#mysql stop return 1, mysql running return 0.#
##############################################
function DB_RUN(){
if test -a $DB_PID && test -a $DB_SOCK;then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
###################################################################################################
#Judge the bacup directory is exsit not. #
#If the mysqlbakup directory was exsited, there willed return 0. #
# If there is no a mysqlbakup directory, the fuction will create the directory and return value 1.#
###################################################################################################
function BACKDIR_EXSIT(){
if test -d $BACKUPDIR;then
# echo "$BACKUPDIR was exist."
return 0
else
echo "$BACKUPDIR is not exist, now create it."
mkdir -pv $BACKUPDIR
return 1
fi
}
###################################################################################################
#Judge the binlog is configed or not. #
#If the mysqlbakup directory was exsited, there willed return 0. #
# If there is no a mysqlbakup directory, the fuction will create the directory and return value 1.#
###################################################################################################
function BINLOG_EXSIT(){
if test -f $BINLOG_INDEX;then
# echo "$BACKUPDIR was exist."
return 0
fi
}
###################################################
#The full backup for all Databases #
#This function is use to backup the all databases.#
###################################################
function FULL_BAKUP(){
echo "At `date +%D\ %T`: Starting full backup the MySQL DB ... "
# rm -fr $BACKUPDIR/db_fullbak_$DATE.sql #for test !!
$DB_BIN/mysqldump --lock-all-tables --flush-logs --master-data=2 -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASSWORD -P$DB_PORT -A |gzip > $BACKUPDIR/db_fullbak_$DATE.sql.gz
FULL_HEALTH=`echo $?`
if [[ $FULL_HEALTH == 0 ]];then
echo "At `date +%D\ %T`: MySQL DB incresed backup successfully"
else
echo "MySQL DB full backup failed!"
fi
}
#python
# >>> with open('/data/mysql/log/mysql-bin.index','r') as obj:
# ... for i in obj:
# ... print os.path.basename(i)
# ...
# mysql-bin.000006
# mysql-bin.000007
# mysql-bin.000008
# mysql-bin.000009
function INCREASE_BAKUP(){
echo "At `date +%D\ %T`: Starting increased backup the MySQL DB ... "
$DB_BIN/mysqladmin -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASSWORD -P$DB_PORT flush-logs
$DB_BIN/mysql -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASSWORD -P$DB_PORT -e "purge master logs before ${DELETE_OLDLOG_TIME}"
for i in `cat $BINLOG_INDEX`
do
$DB_BIN/mysqlbinlog -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASSWORD -P$DB_PORT --start-datetime="$START_BACKUPBINLOG_TIMEPOINT" $i |gzip >> $BACKUPDIR/db_daily_$DATE.sql.gz
done
# $DB_BIN/mysqlbinlog -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASSWORD -P$DB_PORT --start-datetime="$START_BACKUPBINLOG_TIME" $LOG_DIR/mysql-bin.[0-9]* |gzip >> $BACKUPDIR/db_daily_$DATE.sql.gz
INCREASE_HEALTH=`echo $?`
if [[ $INCREASE_HEALTH == 0 ]];then
echo "At `date +%D\ %T`: MySQL DB incresed backup successfully"
else
echo "MySQL DB incresed backup failed!"
fi
}
function OLDER_BACKDIR_EXSIT(){
if test -d $BACKUPDIR_OLDER;then
# echo "$BACKUPDIR_OLDER was exist."
return 0
else
echo "$BACKUPDIR_OLDER is not exist, now create it."
mkdir -pv $BACKUPDIR_OLDER
# return 1
fi
}
function BAKUP_CLEANER(){
#move the backuped file that created time out of 7 days to the BACKUPDIR_OLDER directory
returnkey=`find $BACKUPDIR -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -exec ls -lh {} \;`
returnkey_old=`find $BACKUPDIR_OLDER -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime +14 -exec ls -lh {} \;`
if [[ $returnkey != '' ]];then

echo "----------------------"
echo "Moving the older backuped file out of 7 days to $BACKUPDIR_OLDER."
echo "The moved file list is:"
find $BACKUPDIR -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -exec mv {} $BACKUPDIR_OLDER \;
echo "-----------------------"
elif [[ $returnkey_old != '' ]];then
#delete the backuped file that created time out of 14 days from BACKUPDIR_OLDER directory.
echo "Delete the older backuped file out of 14 days from $BACKUPDIR_OLDER."
echo "The deleted files list is:"
find $BACKUPDIR_OLDER -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime +14 -exec rm -fr {} \;
fi
}
####################################
#--------------main----------------#
####################################
function MAIN(){
DB_RUN #Judge the process is run or not, if not run, the script will not bakup db
Run_process=`echo $?`
echo $?
if [[ $Run_process == 0 ]];then
BINLOG_EXSIT
binlog_index=`echo $?`
if [[ $binlog_index == 0 ]];then
echo "**********START**********"
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A")
echo "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
if [[ $TODAY == $FULL_BAKDAY ]];then
echo "Start completed bakup ..."
INCREASE_BAKUP
FULL_BAKUP #full backup to all DB
BAKUP_CLEANER
else
echo "Start increaing bakup ..."
INCREASE_BAKUP
fi
echo "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A")
echo "**********END**********"
else
echo "**********START**********"
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A")
echo "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
echo "Sorry, MySQL binlog was not configed, please config the my.cnf firstly!"
echo "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A")
echo "**********END**********"
fi
else
echo "**********START**********"
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A")
echo "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
echo "Sorry, MySQL was not running, the db could not be backuped!"
echo "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A")
echo "**********END**********"
fi
}
#starting runing

BACKDIR_EXSIT $BACKUP_LOG
OLDER_BACKDIR_EXSIT $BACKUP_LOG
MAIN >> $BACKUP_LOG

三、测试方法：

使用了一个测试脚本，修改日期，达到一个月的演示效果。

#!/bin/bash
for day in {1..30}
do
date -s "2017-06-$day 12:00:00"
/bin/bash /root/bakup/mysql_backup.sh
done

四、脚本使用方法：

crontab -e
0 3 * * * /bin/bash /root/bakup/mysql_bakup.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 空格

#加个空格，不然有些机器不能执行脚本