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在开放平台领域，需要给isv提供sdk，签名是Sdk中需要提供的功能之一。由于isv使用的开发语言不是单一的，因此sdk需要提供多种语言的版 本。譬如java、php、c#。另外，在电子商务尤其是支付领域，对安全性的要求比较高，所以会采用非对称密钥RSA
本文主要介绍如何基于java、php、c#在客户端使用rsa签名，然后在服务端使用Java验签。
- 基于openssl生成RSA公私钥对
a）从网上下载openssl工具:http://www.slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html
b）生成私钥
进入到openssl的bin目录下，执行以下命令：
openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
会在bin目录下看到新生成的私钥文件rsa_private_key.pem，文件内容如下：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIICXgIBAAKBgQDtd1lKsX6ylsAEWFi7E/ut8krJy9PQ7sGYKhIm9TvIdZiq5xzy
aw8NOLzKZ1k486MePYG4tSuoaxSbwuPLwVUzYFvnUZo7aWCIGKn16UWTM4nxc/+d
wce+bhcKrlLbTWi8l580LTE7GxclTh8z7gHq59ivhaoGbK7FNxlUfB4TSQIDAQAB
AoGBAIgTk0x1J+hI8KHMypPxoJCOPoMi1S9uEewTd7FxaB+4G5Mbuv/Dj62A7NaD
oKI9IyUqE9L3ppvtOLMFXCofkKU0p4j7MEJdZ+CjVvgextkWa80nj/UZiM1oOL6Y
HwH4ZtPtY+pFCTK1rdn3+070qBB9tnVntbN/jq0Ld7f0t7UNAkEA9ryI0kxJL9Pu
pO9NEeWuCUo4xcl9x/M9+mtkfY3VoDDDV1E/eUjmoTfANYwrjcddiQrO0MLyEdoo
tiLpN77qOwJBAPZhtv/+pqMVTrLxWnVKLZ4ZVTPPgJQQkFdhWwYlz7oKzB3VbQRt
/jLFXUyCN2eCP7rglrXnaz7AYBftF0ajHEsCQQDDNfkeQULqN0gpcDdOwKRIL1Pp
kHgWmWlg1lTETVJGEi6Kx/prL/VgeiZ1dzgCTUjAoy9r1cEFxM/PAqH3+/F/AkEA
zsTCp6Q2hLblDRewKq7OCdiIwKpr5dbgy/RQR6CD7EYTdxYeH5GPu1wXKJY/mQae
JV9GG/LS9h7MhkfbONS6cQJAdBEb5vloBDLcSQFDQO/VZ9SKFHCmHLXluhhIizYK
Gzgf3OXEGNDSAC3qy+ZTnLd3N5iYrVbK52UoiLOLhhNMqA==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
c)生成公钥
在bin目录下，执行以下命令：
openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
会在bin目录下看到新生成的公钥文件rsa_public_key.pem，文件内容如下：
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDtd1lKsX6ylsAEWFi7E/ut8krJ
y9PQ7sGYKhIm9TvIdZiq5xzyaw8NOLzKZ1k486MePYG4tSuoaxSbwuPLwVUzYFvn
UZo7aWCIGKn16UWTM4nxc/+dwce+bhcKrlLbTWi8l580LTE7GxclTh8z7gHq59iv
haoGbK7FNxlUfB4TSQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
2. 客户端签名
2.1 java版签名实现
/**
* rsa签名 * @param content
* 待签名的字符串
* @param privateKey
* rsa私钥字符串
* @param charset
* 字符编码
* @return 签名结果
* @throws Exception
* 签名失败则抛出异常
*/
public String rsaSign(String content, String privateKey, String charset) throws SignatureException {
try {
PrivateKey priKey = getPrivateKeyFromPKCS8("RSA", new ByteArrayInputStream(privateKey.getBytes())); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");
signature.initSign(priKey);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(charset)) {
signature.update(content.getBytes());
} else {
signature.update(content.getBytes(charset));
} byte[] signed = signature.sign();
return new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signed));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new SignatureException("RSAcontent = " + content + "; charset = " + charset, e);
}
} public PrivateKey getPrivateKeyFromPKCS8(String algorithm, InputStream ins) throws Exception {
if (ins == null || StringUtils.isEmpty(algorithm)) {
return null;
} KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
byte[] encodedKey = StreamUtil.readText(ins).getBytes();
encodedKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodedKey);
return keyFactory.generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(encodedKey));
}
注意：参数privateKey是Pem私钥文件中去除头（-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----）和尾（-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----）以及换行符后的字符串。
如果签名报以下错误：
java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException: java.security.InvalidKeyException: IOException : algid parse error, not a sequence
则说明rsa私钥的格式不是pksc8格式，需要使用以下命令转换一下：
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt
然后再提取去除头和尾以及换行符后字符串作为java版用的rsa私钥
2.2 php签名实现
function sign($content, $rsaPrivateKeyPem) {
$priKey = file_get_contents($rsaPrivateKeyPem);
$res = openssl_get_privatekey($priKey);
openssl_sign($content, $sign, $res);
openssl_free_key($res);
$sign = base64_encode($sign);
return $sign;
}
注意：$rsaPrivateKeyPem为pem私钥文件路径
2.3 c#签名实现(引用了国外某位仁兄的方案)
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Web;
using System.IO; namespace Aop.Api.Util
{
/// <summary>
/// RSA签名工具类。
/// </summary>
public class RSAUtil
{ public static string RSASign(string data, string privateKeyPem)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaCsp = LoadCertificateFile(privateKeyPem);
byte[] dataBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
byte[] signatureBytes = rsaCsp.SignData(dataBytes, "SHA1");
return Convert.ToBase64String(signatureBytes);
} private static byte[] GetPem(string type, byte[] data)
{
string pem = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data);
string header = String.Format("-----BEGIN {0}-----\\n", type);
string footer = String.Format("-----END {0}-----", type);
int start = pem.IndexOf(header) + header.Length;
int end = pem.IndexOf(footer, start);
string base64 = pem.Substring(start, (end - start));
return Convert.FromBase64String(base64);
} private static RSACryptoServiceProvider LoadCertificateFile(string filename)
{
using (System.IO.FileStream fs = System.IO.File.OpenRead(filename))
{
byte[] data = new byte[fs.Length];
byte[] res = null;
fs.Read(data, , data.Length);
if (data[] != 0x30)
{
res = GetPem("RSA PRIVATE KEY", data);
}
try
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodeRSAPrivateKey(res);
return rsa;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
return null;
}
} private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPrivateKey(byte[] privkey)
{
byte[] MODULUS, E, D, P, Q, DP, DQ, IQ; // --------- Set up stream to decode the asn.1 encoded RSA private key ------
MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(privkey);
BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem); //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
byte bt = ;
ushort twobytes = ;
int elems = ;
try
{
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes
else
return null; twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes != 0x0102) //version number
return null;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x00)
return null; //------ all private key components are Integer sequences ----
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
MODULUS = binr.ReadBytes(elems); elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
E = binr.ReadBytes(elems); elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
D = binr.ReadBytes(elems); elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
P = binr.ReadBytes(elems); elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
Q = binr.ReadBytes(elems); elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
DP = binr.ReadBytes(elems); elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
DQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems); elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
IQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems); // ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key -----
CspParameters CspParameters = new CspParameters();
CspParameters.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore;
RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(, CspParameters);
RSAParameters RSAparams = new RSAParameters();
RSAparams.Modulus = MODULUS;
RSAparams.Exponent = E;
RSAparams.D = D;
RSAparams.P = P;
RSAparams.Q = Q;
RSAparams.DP = DP;
RSAparams.DQ = DQ;
RSAparams.InverseQ = IQ;
RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams);
return RSA;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return null;
}
finally
{
binr.Close();
}
} private static int GetIntegerSize(BinaryReader binr)
{
byte bt = ;
byte lowbyte = 0x00;
byte highbyte = 0x00;
int count = ;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x02) //expect integer
return ;
bt = binr.ReadByte(); if (bt == 0x81)
count = binr.ReadByte(); // data size in next byte
else
if (bt == 0x82)
{
highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); // data size in next 2 bytes
lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();
byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };
count = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, );
}
else
{
count = bt; // we already have the data size
} while (binr.ReadByte() == 0x00)
{ //remove high order zeros in data
count -= ;
}
binr.BaseStream.Seek(-, SeekOrigin.Current); //last ReadByte wasn't a removed zero, so back up a byte
return count;
}
}
}
注：privateKeyPem为私钥文件路径
3. 服务端java验签
/**
* rsa验签
*
* @param content 被签名的内容
* @param sign 签名后的结果
* @param publicKey rsa公钥
* @param charset 字符集
* @return 验签结果
* @throws SignatureException 验签失败，则抛异常
*/
boolean doCheck(String content, String sign, String publicKey, String charset) throws SignatureException {
try {
PublicKey pubKey = getPublicKeyFromX509("RSA", new ByteArrayInputStream(publicKey.getBytes())); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");
signature.initVerify(pubKey);
signature.update(getContentBytes(content, charset));
return signature.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(sign.getBytes()));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new SignatureException("RSA验证签名[content = " + content + "; charset = " + charset
+ "; signature = " + sign + "]发生异常!", e);
}
} private PublicKey getPublicKeyFromX509(String algorithm, InputStream ins) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
try {
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm); StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
StreamUtil.io(new InputStreamReader(ins), writer);
byte[] encodedKey = writer.toString().getBytes(); // 先base64解码
encodedKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodedKey);
return keyFactory.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(encodedKey));
} catch (IOException ex) {
// 不可能发生
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException ex) {
// 不可能发生
}
return null;
} private byte[] getContentBytes(String content, String charset) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (StringUtil.isEmpty(charset)) {
return content.getBytes();
} return content.getBytes(charset);
}
注意：参数publicKey是Pem公钥文件中去除头（-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----）和尾（-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----）以及换行符后的字符串。