系列目录
本系列涉及到的源码下载地址:https://github.com/seabluescn/Blog_WebApi
一、概述
本篇介绍通过.NET core WebApi实现文件上传。
二、Controller端代码
直接上代码:
[Route("api/files")]
[Produces("application/json")]
public class FileController : Controller
{
private readonly IHostingEnvironment _hostingEnvironment; public FileController(IHostingEnvironment hostingEnvironment)
{
_hostingEnvironment = hostingEnvironment;
} [HttpPost("iform")]
public ResultObject UploadIForm(List<IFormFile> files)
{
List<String> filenames = new List<string>(); foreach (var file in files)
{
var fileName = file.FileName;
Console.WriteLine(fileName); fileName = $"/UploadFile/{fileName}";
filenames.Add(fileName); fileName = _hostingEnvironment.WebRootPath + fileName; using (FileStream fs = System.IO.File.Create(fileName))
{
file.CopyTo(fs);
fs.Flush();
}
} return new ResultObject
{
state = "Success",
resultObject = filenames
};
}
为了同时返回上传的文件名和操作状态,我们定义了一个ResultObject的类来返回信息。
public class ResultObject
{
public String state { get; set; }
public Object resultObject { get; set; }
}
返回上传的文件名称列表的目的是因为后台可能会给文件重新命名,以避免冲突,新的文件名称需要让前台知道。
后台的files是通过传入的参数获得的,还有其他两种方法可以获取到文件,效果一样:
[HttpPost]
public ResultObject UploadAjax()
{
var files = Request.Form.Files;
...
}
或:
public ResultObject UploadForm(IFormCollection form)
{
var files = form.Files;
...
}
除了获取到files的方式不同,其他操作完全一致。
三、前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title></title>
<script src="lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="lib/jquery-form/dist/jquery.form.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function AjaxFormDataUploadfile() {
var fileUpload = $("#files").get();
var files = fileUpload.files;
var data = new FormData();
for (var i = ; i < files.length; i++) {
data.append("files", files[i]);
} $.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "/api/files/iform",
contentType: false,
processData: false,
data: data,
success: function (message) {
alert("success");
},
error: function () {
alert("上传文件出现错误!");
}
});
} </script>
</head>
<body>
<form id="myform" method="post" action="/api/files/iform" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" id="files" name="files" multiple /> <br /><br />
<input id="formupload" type="button" value="Form Data Upload" onclick="AjaxFormDataUploadfile();" /><br /><br />
</form>
</body>
</html>
两个注意点:
1、form要提供enctype="multipart/form-data" 属性
2、如果要上传多个文件,文件表单需要提供multiple属性
这里我们通过FormData对象的append操作来构建提交的数据,根据我上一篇博客提到的,这里提交数据还有其他两个办法:
function formuploadfile() {
$("#myform").ajaxSubmit();
}
或者:
function Ajaxuploadfile() {
var formdata = new FormData(document.getElementById("myform")); $.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "/api/files/iform",
contentType: false,
processData: false,
data: formdata,
success: function (result) {
alert("success");
$.each(result.resultObject, function (i, filename) {
alert(filename);
});
},
error: function () {
alert("上传文件出现错误!");
}
});
}
具体选择哪种方式,要看前端的需求,个人认为 var formdata = new FormData(document.getElementById("myform")); 比较方便。
四、上传大文件
上传大文件和上传小文件代码是一样的,关键是上传大文件时间太长,需要前端提供进度报告,不然用户体验太差。
解决的方案是利用ajax的HXR对象。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title></title>
<script src="lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="lib/jquery-form/dist/jquery.form.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"> function AjaxuploadfileWithprogress() {
var formdata = new FormData(document.getElementById("myform")); $.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "/api/files/iform",
contentType: false,
processData: false,
data: formdata,
success: function (result) {
alert("success");
$.each(result.resultObject, function (i, filename) {
alert(filename);
});
},
error: function () {
alert("上传文件出现错误!");
},
xhr: function () {
var xhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();
if (onprogress && xhr.upload) {
xhr.upload.addEventListener("progress", onprogress, false);
return xhr;
}
}
});
} function onprogress(evt)
{
var loaded = evt.loaded; //已经上传大小
var tot = evt.total; //附件总大小
var per = Math.floor( * loaded / tot); //百分比
$("#son").html(per + "%");
$("#son").css("width", per + "%");
}
</script>
<style type="text/css">
#parent {
width: 550px;
height: 10px;
border: 2px solid #09F;
}
#son {
width: ;
height: %;
background-color: #09F;
text-align: center;
line-height: 10px;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form id="myform" method="post" action="/api/files/iform" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div>
<div>
<br />
<p>表单多个上传文件:</p><br />
<input type="file" id="files" name="files" multiple /> <br /><br />
<input id="formuploadprogress" type="button" value="Ajax Upload Progress" onclick="AjaxuploadfileWithprogress();" /><br /><br />
<div id="parent">
<div id="son"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
此时,可以看到上传进度条了,可以选择一个大文件测试一下。或者把浏览器的传输速度调低也可以进行调试。
五、为Swagger提供文件上传调试功能支持
目前swagger是不支持List<IFormFile>类型的,为了方便调试,我们为swagger提供该类型的支撑。
新增类:
public class SwaggerFileUploadListFilter : IOperationFilter
{
public void Apply(Operation operation, OperationFilterContext context)
{
if (!context.ApiDescription.HttpMethod.Equals("POST", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
!context.ApiDescription.HttpMethod.Equals("PUT", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
return;
} var fileParameters = context.ApiDescription.ActionDescriptor.Parameters.Where(n => n.ParameterType == typeof(List<IFormFile>)).ToList(); if (fileParameters.Count < )
{
return;
} operation.Consumes.Add("multipart/form-data");
foreach (var fileParameter in fileParameters)
{
var parameter = operation.Parameters.Single(n => n.Name == fileParameter.Name);
operation.Parameters.Remove(parameter); NonBodyParameter p = new NonBodyParameter
{
Name = parameter.Name,
In = "formData",
Description = parameter.Description,
Required = parameter.Required,
Type = "file"
}; operation.Parameters.Add(p);
}
}
}
在Startup类的ConfigureServices方法里注册该过滤器:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc();
services.AddCors(); services.AddSwaggerGen(option =>
{
option.SwaggerDoc("v1", new Info
{
Version = "v1",
Title = "SaleService接口文档",
Description = "RESTful API for SaleService.",
TermsOfService = "None",
Contact = new Contact { Name = "seabluescn", Email = "seabluescn@163.com", Url = "" }
});
option.OperationFilter<SwaggerFileUploadListFilter>(); //Set the comments path for the swagger json and ui.
var basePath = PlatformServices.Default.Application.ApplicationBasePath;
var xmlPath = Path.Combine(basePath, "SaleService.xml");
option.IncludeXmlComments(xmlPath);
});
}
此时可以通过swagger选择文件了
但有个缺点是只能上传一个文件,如何实现可以选择多个文件还不会搞。