一、原型模式介绍

1、定义与类型

定义：指原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象
不需要知道任何创建的细节，不调用构造函数
类型：创建型

2、适用场景

类初始化消耗较多资源
new产生的一个对象需要非常繁琐的过程（数据准备、访问权限等）
构造函数比较复杂
循环体中生产大量对象时

3、优点

原型模式性能比直接new一个对象性能高
简化创建过程

4、缺点

必须配备克隆方法
对克隆复杂对象或对克隆出的对象进行复杂改造时，容易引入风险
深拷贝、浅拷贝要运用得当

5、原型扩展

深克隆
浅克隆

二、代码示例

原型类：

public class Mail implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private String emailAddress;
    private String content;
    public Mail(){
        System.out.println("Mail Class Constructor");
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmailAddress() {
        return emailAddress;
    }

    public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
        this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Mail{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", emailAddress='" + emailAddress + '\'' +
                ", content='" + content + '\'' +
                '}'+super.toString();
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        System.out.println("clone mail object");
        return super.clone();
    }
}

工具类：

public class MailUtil {
    public static void sendMail(Mail mail){
        String outputContent = "向{0}同学,邮件地址:{1},邮件内容:{2}发送邮件成功";
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format(outputContent,mail.getName(),mail.getEmailAddress(),mail.getContent()));
    }
    public static void saveOriginMailRecord(Mail mail){
        System.out.println("存储originMail记录,originMail:"+mail.getContent());
    }
}

测试类：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Mail mail = new Mail();
        mail.setContent("初始化模板");
        System.out.println("初始化mail:"+mail);
        for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++){
            Mail mailTemp = (Mail) mail.clone();
            mailTemp.setName("姓名"+i);
            mailTemp.setEmailAddress("姓名"+i+"@imooc.com");
            mailTemp.setContent("恭喜您，此次慕课网活动中奖了");
            MailUtil.sendMail(mailTemp);
            System.out.println("克隆的mailTemp:"+mailTemp);
        }
        MailUtil.saveOriginMailRecord(mail);
    }
}

补充：深克隆
原型类：

public class  Pig implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private Date birthday;

    public Pig(String name, Date birthday) {
        this.name = name;
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Pig pig = (Pig)super.clone();

        //深克隆
        pig.birthday = (Date) pig.birthday.clone();
        return pig;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Pig{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                '}'+super.toString();
    }
}

测试类：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        Date birthday = new Date(0L);
        Pig pig1 = new Pig("佩奇",birthday);
        Pig pig2 = (Pig) pig1.clone();
        System.out.println(pig1);
        System.out.println(pig2);

        pig1.getBirthday().setTime(666666666666L);

        System.out.println(pig1);
        System.out.println(pig2);
    }
}

三、源码示例

1、JDK中的ArrayList类：

HashMap类：

2、Mybatis中的CacheKey类：