先来xml文件：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE orders SYSTEM "orders.dtd">
3 <orders> <!-- 所有订单信息 -->
4 <order orderDate="2003-10-20"> <!--orderDate为日期型 -->
5 <shipTo country="CN"><!--country必须出现 -->
6 <name>张三峰</name> <!-- 收件人 -->
7 <street>市中区滨河路778号5+3大酒店</street> <!-- 县/区及街道地址 -->
8 <city>乐山市</city> <!-- 市/区 -->
9 <state>四川省</state> <!-- 省/自治区/直辖市 -->
10 <phone>13999999999</phone> <!-- 联系电话 -->
11 </shipTo>
12 <items> <!-- 商品列表，item应至少出现1次 -->
13 <item partNum="872-AA"> <!--商品编号，必须有 -->
14 <productName>Lawnmower</productName><!-- 商品名称 -->
15 <quantity>1</quantity> <!-- 购买数量 -->
16 <price>148.95</price> <!-- 单价 -->
17 <shipDate>2003-10-21</shipDate> <!-- 配送日期 -->
18 </item>
19 <item partNum="926-AA">
20 <productName>Baby Monitor</productName>
21 <quantity>1</quantity>
22 <price>39.98</price>
23 <shipDate>2003-10-22</shipDate>
24 </item>
25 </items>
26 </order>
27 </orders>
orders.xml
再来对应的dtd文件：
1 <!ELEMENT orders (order*)>
2 <!ELEMENT order (shipTo*, items+)>
3
4 <!ELEMENT shipTo (name, street, city, state, phone)>
5 <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
6 <!ELEMENT street (#PCDATA)>
7 <!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
8 <!ELEMENT state (#PCDATA)>
9 <!ELEMENT phone (#PCDATA)>
10
11 <!ELEMENT items (item+)>
12 <!ELEMENT item (productName, quantity, price, shipDate)>
13 <!ELEMENT productName (#PCDATA)>
14 <!ELEMENT quantity (#PCDATA)>
15 <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)>
16 <!ELEMENT shipDate (#PCDATA)>
17
18 <!ATTLIST order orderDate CDATA #REQUIRED>
19 <!ATTLIST shipTo country CDATA #REQUIRED>
20 <!ATTLIST item partNum CDATA #REQUIRED>
orders.dtd
<!--应该有些地方限制得不太合理，但是可以运行出来，这里主要记录一下Java文件-->
下面是对应的检查的Java类：
1 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
2 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
3 import org.w3c.dom.Document;
4
5 public class XmlDtdCheck {
6
7 public static void main(String[] args) {
8 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
9 try {
10 DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
11 factory.setValidating(true);
12
13 DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
14 Document doc1 = (Document) builder.parse("orders.xml");
15 Document doc2 = (Document) builder.parse("citizen.xml");
16 // System.out.println(doc.getNodeValue());
17 // doc并不是null，它是一个对象
18 } catch (Exception e) {
19 // TODO: handle exception
20 System.err.println("ERROR!!!" + e.getMessage());
21 }
22 }
23
24 }
TestDTD.java
<!--这里只是转成了document类，并没有使用-->
然后又是一个严格一点的Java类：
1 import java.io.File;
2
3 import java.io.*;
4 import org.xml.parsers.*;
5 import org.w3c.dom.*;
6 import java.util.Scanner;
7
8 public class TestValidate {
9
10 public static void main(String[] args) {
11 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
12 try {
13 DocumentBuilderFacory factor = DocumentBilderFactory.newInstance();
14 factor.setValidating(true);
15 DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
16 MyHandler handler = new MyHandler();
17 builder.setErrorHandler(handler);
18 Document document = builder.parse(new File("orders.xml"));
19
20 if(handler.errorMessage == null) {
21 System.out.println("文件是有效的");
22 } else {
23 System.out.println("文件是无效的");
24 }
25 } catch (Exception e) {
26 System.out.println(e);
27 }
28 }
29 }
30
31 class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {
32 String errorMessage = null;
33
34 public void error(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
35 errorMessage = e.getMessage();
36 System.out.println("一般错误"+errorMessage);
37 }
38
39 public void fatalError(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
40 errorMessage = e.getMessage();
41 System.out.println("致命错误"+errorMessage);
42 }
43 }
TestValidate.java
代码未经验证，请检验后运行。
接下来是验证Schema文件下的XML文件的有效性。
老规矩——XML文件：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 <orders xmlns="http://www.w3school.com.cn"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3school.com.cn orders.xsd"> <!-- 所有订单信息 -->
5 <order> <!-- 订单，至少包含1个订单 -->
6 <orderDate>2018-05-20</orderDate><!--orderDate为日期型 -->
7 <shipTo country="CN"><!-- 配送信息，country属性必须出现 -->
8 <name>张三峰</name> <!-- 收件人，长度小于50 -->
9 <street>市中区滨河路778号5+3大酒店</street> <!-- 县/区及街道地址 -->
10 <city>乐山市</city> <!-- 市/区，长度小于50 -->
11 <state>四川省</state> <!-- 省/自治区/直辖市，长度小于50 -->
12 <phone>13999999999</phone> <!-- 联系电话，要求必须是1开头，后面第2位数字3-9，再后面是9个数字 -->
13 </shipTo>
14 <items> <!-- 商品列表，item应至少出现1次 -->
15 <item partNum="872-AA"> <!-- 商品编号属性，必须有 -->
16 <productName>香辣鸡翅</productName><!-- 商品名称，长度小于50 -->
17 <quantity>1</quantity> <!-- 购买数量,至少是1 -->
18 <price>18.95</price> <!-- 单价为浮点数，大于0.0 -->
19 <shipDate>2018-05-21</shipDate> <!-- 配送日期 -->
20 </item>
21 <item partNum="926-AA">
22 <productName>烧烤五花肉</productName>
23 <quantity>20</quantity>
24 <price>39.98</price>
25 <shipDate>2018-05-20</shipDate>
26 </item>
27 </items>
28 </order>
29 </orders>
30
31 <!--
32 xmlns="http://www.example.org/01"
33 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
34 xsi:noNameSpaceSchemaLocation="orders.xsd"
35 -->
orders.xml
xsd文件：
1 <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
2 targetNamespace="http://www.w3school.com.cn"
3 xmlns="http://www.w3school.com.cn"
4 elementFormDefault="qualified">
5 <xsd:element name="orders">
6 <xsd:complexType>
7 <xsd:sequence>
8 <xsd:element ref="order" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"></xsd:element>
9 </xsd:sequence>
10 </xsd:complexType>
11 </xsd:element>
12
13 <xsd:element name="order">
14 <xsd:complexType>
15 <xsd:sequence>
16 <xsd:element name="orderDate" type="xsd:date" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"></xsd:element>
17 <xsd:element ref="shipTo" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"></xsd:element>
18 <xsd:element ref="items" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"></xsd:element>
19 </xsd:sequence>
20 </xsd:complexType>
21 </xsd:element>
22
23 <xsd:element name="shipTo">
24 <xsd:complexType>
25 <xsd:sequence>
26 <xsd:element ref="name"></xsd:element>
27 <xsd:element name="street"></xsd:element>
28 <xsd:element name="city"></xsd:element>
29 <xsd:element name="state"></xsd:element>
30 <xsd:element ref="phone"></xsd:element>
31 </xsd:sequence>
32 <xsd:attribute name="country" type="xsd:string" use="required"></xsd:attribute>
33 </xsd:complexType>
34 </xsd:element>
35
36 <xsd:element name="items">
37 <xsd:complexType>
38 <xsd:sequence>
39 <xsd:element ref="item" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"></xsd:element>
40 </xsd:sequence>
41 </xsd:complexType>
42 </xsd:element>
43
44 <xsd:element name="item">
45 <xsd:complexType>
46 <xsd:sequence>
47 <xsd:element ref="productName"></xsd:element>
48 <xsd:element ref="quantity"></xsd:element>
49 <xsd:element ref="price"></xsd:element>
50 <xsd:element name="shipDate" type="xsd:date"></xsd:element>
51 </xsd:sequence>
52 <xsd:attribute name="partNum" type="xsd:string" use="required"></xsd:attribute>
53 </xsd:complexType>
54 </xsd:element>
55
56 <xsd:element name="name">
57 <xsd:simpleType>
58 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
59 <xsd:minLength value="0"/>
60 <xsd:maxLength value="50"/>
61 </xsd:restriction>
62 </xsd:simpleType>
63 </xsd:element>
64
65 <xsd:element name="phone">
66 <xsd:simpleType>
67 <!-- <xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">
68 <xsd:minInclusive value="13000000000"></xsd:minInclusive>
69 <xsd:maxInclusive value="19999999999"></xsd:maxInclusive>
70 </xsd:restriction> -->
71 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
72 <xsd:minLength value="11"></xsd:minLength>
73 <xsd:maxLength value="11"></xsd:maxLength>
74 <xsd:pattern value="1[3-9]{1}[0-9]{9}"></xsd:pattern>
75 </xsd:restriction>
76 </xsd:simpleType>
77 </xsd:element>
78
79 <xsd:element name="productName">
80 <xsd:simpleType>
81 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
82 <xsd:maxLength value="50"/>
83 </xsd:restriction>
84 </xsd:simpleType>
85 </xsd:element>
86
87 <xsd:element name="quantity">
88 <xsd:simpleType>
89 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">
90 <xsd:minInclusive value="1" />
91 </xsd:restriction>
92 </xsd:simpleType>
93 </xsd:element>
94
95 <xsd:element name="price">
96 <xsd:simpleType>
97 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:float">
98 <xsd:minInclusive value="0.1"></xsd:minInclusive>
99 </xsd:restriction>
100 </xsd:simpleType>
101 </xsd:element>
102 </xsd:schema>
orders.xsd
验证xml文件有效性的Java文件：
1 import java.io.File;
2
3 import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
4 import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
5 import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
6 import javax.xml.validation.Validator;
7
8 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
9 import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
10 import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
11
12 public class TestXSD {
13
14 public static void main(String[] args) {
15 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
16 File xsdfile = new File("orders.xsd");
17 File xmlfile = new File("orders.xml");
18 Handler errorHandler = null;
19 try {
20 SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory.newInstance("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
21 Schema schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(xsdfile);
22 Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
23 errorHandler = new Handler();
24 validator.setErrorHandler(errorHandler);
25 validator.validate(new StreamSource(xmlfile));
26 } catch (Exception e) {
27 System.out.println(e);
28 }
29 if (errorHandler.errorMessage == null) {
30 System.out.println("XML 文件：" + xmlfile.getName()+"符合模式");
31 } else {
32 System.out.println("XML 文件：" + xmlfile.getName()+"不符合模式");
33 }
34 }
35 }
36
37 class Handler extends DefaultHandler {
38 String errorMessage = null;
39
40 public void error(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
41 errorMessage = e.getMessage();
42 int row = e.getLineNumber();
43 int colums = e.getColumnNumber();
44 System.out.println("一般错误"+errorMessage+"位置:"+row+","+colums);
45 }
46
47 public void fatalError(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
48 errorMessage = e.getMessage();
49 int row = e.getLineNumber();
50 int colums = e.getColumnNumber();
51 System.out.println("致命错误"+errorMessage+"位置:"+row+","+colums);
52 }
53 }
TestXSD.java