通过前面几篇博客,不知道大家有没有发现这个问题,虽然现在可以灵活控制跳转了,但是Action的数量还是比较多,如何既能保证跳转灵活,还能减少Action的数量?这就是我们这篇博客所说的DispatchAction,如其名,可以理解为“分发式Action”,使用它可以避免为每个Action创建一个类。
我们先来看一下实例。
UserAction
DispatchAction继承的是Action,它的特点就是把以前的多个Action合并为一个,当多个Action关联较大时,可以像这样放在一起,减少Action类的同时,也降低了维护的难度。
package com.tgb.drp.web.actions; import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction; import com.tgb.drp.manager.UserManager;
import com.tgb.drp.model.User;
import com.tgb.drp.web.forms.UserActionForm; public class UserAction extends DispatchAction { @Override
protected ActionForward unspecified(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
//调用业务逻辑操作
List userList = UserManager.getInstance().findAllUserList();
request.setAttribute("userlist", userList); return mapping.findForward("list_success");
} /**
* 用户删除
* @param mapping
* @param form
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public ActionForward del(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
//获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form; //取得需要删除的userId的集合
String[] userIdList = uaf.getSelectFlag(); //调用业务逻辑操作
UserManager.getInstance().deleteUsers(userIdList);
return mapping.findForward("del_success");
} /**
* 用户添加
* @param mapping
* @param form
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public ActionForward add(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception { //获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form;
User user = new User();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(user, uaf);
user.setCreateDate(new Date()); //调用业务逻辑操作
UserManager.getInstance().addUser(user);
return mapping.findForward("add_success"); } /**
* 修改用户
* @param mapping
* @param form
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public ActionForward modify(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
//获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form;
User user = new User();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(user, uaf); //调用业务逻辑操作
UserManager.getInstance().modifyUser(user);
return mapping.findForward("modify_success");
} /**
* 根据ID查询用户
*
* @param mapping
* @param form
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public ActionForward find(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
//获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form; String userId = uaf.getUserId(); //调用业务逻辑操作
User user = UserManager.getInstance().findUserById(userId); //将user对象从Action传递到JSP页面
request.setAttribute("user", user); return mapping.findForward("find_success");
} }
UserActionForm
封装表单中的数据,需要注意的是,不用为每个表单 建立一个ActionForm,多个表单可以使用一个进行封装。
package com.tgb.drp.web.forms; import java.util.Date; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; /**
* 用户管理ActionForm
*
*/
public class UserActionForm extends ActionForm { //用户代码
private String userId; //用户名称
private String userName; //密码
private String password; //联系电话
private String contactTel; //email
private String email; //创建日期
private Date createDate; //接收界面中的选中标记的集合
private String[] selectFlag; public String getContactTel() {
return contactTel;
} public void setContactTel(String contactTel) {
this.contactTel = contactTel;
} public Date getCreateDate() {
return createDate;
} public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
this.createDate = createDate;
} public String getEmail() {
return email;
} public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
} public String getPassword() {
return password;
} public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
} public String getUserId() {
return userId;
} public void setUserId(String userId) {
this.userId = userId;
} public String getUserName() {
return userName;
} public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
} public String[] getSelectFlag() {
return selectFlag;
} public void setSelectFlag(String[] selectFlag) {
this.selectFlag = selectFlag;
}
}
struts-config
配置Action和ActionForm,区别于以前的是需要添加parameter属性。
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="userForm" type="com.tgb.drp.web.forms.UserActionForm"/>
</form-beans> <action-mappings>
<action path="/user/user_maint"
type="com.tgb.drp.web.actions.UserAction"
name="userForm"
scope="request"
parameter="command"
>
<forward name="list_success" path="/user/user_list.jsp"/>
<forward name="del_success" path="/user/user_maint.do" redirect="true"/>
<forward name="add_success" path="/user/user_maint.do" redirect="true"/>
<forward name="modify_success" path="/user/user_maint.do" redirect="true"/>
<forward name="find_success" path="/user/user_modify.jsp"/> </action>
<action path="/user/show_add"
forward="/user/user_input.jsp"
></action> </action-mappings>
访问接口
<body>
<a href="user/user_maint.do" title="请点击访问用户管理系统">用户管理系统</a>
</body>
如上所示,它是根据command属性的值确定的。
执行流程
把断点主要设置在DispatchAction中,可以看到,执行流程如下:
代码分析
在DispatchAction的execute函数中,有如下代码:
// Prevent recursive calls
if ("execute".equals(name) || "perform".equals(name)){
String message =
messages.getMessage("dispatch.recursive", mapping.getPath()); log.error(message);
throw new ServletException(message);
}
所以在给parameter设置值时,不能为execute或perform。
在DispatchAction的dispatchMethod中,有如下代码:
if (name == null) {
return this.unspecified(mapping, form, request, response);
}
即如果parameter值为空,则执行unspecified函数,可以在子类中实现这个函数,作为无参数值的跳转。
总结
总而言之,DispatchAction的出现减少了Action的数量,将多个Action融合到一起,虽然有显而易见的好处,但是同样会有问题,这样的耦合性的提高,必然伴随着扩展性的降低,所以用还是不用,还要根据具体情况而定。
更多相关博客,请至《层层递进Struts1(八)之总结》