写在前面
最近客户有个需求，要求增加操作Setting列表配置项的功能，是不是一脸懵，没关系，一图胜千言，接下来就上图。诺，就是这么个意思。
原来的列表配置项
增加了单个配置项
增加了多个配置项
老铁们看懂了么，就是在原有的列表项中增加客户想要的项，来我给你们分析下，Setting是系统级APP，到时候直接打包进Room里这不用我多说吧。重点来了，如果你把这个功能写死了，那么恭喜你，准备迎接一波又一波的系统打包发更新版本吧。客户今天加个列表项，明天减个列表项啥的，不很正常么(虽然你的内心是一万只奔腾在草原)，但还是得乖乖去打升级包。
那么，今天老司机就来带你解决这一烦恼，坐稳了，要发车了。
进入正题
先说下我的思路，广播是个好东西（系统App和其它App直接交换数据或者执行命令什么的，大有用处），快拿小本本记下来，假设要增加单条配置项，广播无疑是首选项，增加和删除都很方便，如果要增加多条配置项，广播就不再适用了，当然你也可以构造复杂的数据集合，通过广播来传递解析也是可以的。
多条配置项，我们将采用xml文件配置的方式(别问我怎么想到的，看了Setting的源码你就知道了)，和系统设置一样的节点名称，方便解析和理解。
先献上我的分析过程图(精华都在图里了)
之前说过Hierarchy View是个好扳手，这一次我们依旧使用它来定位Setting的布局文件，搜索过程图我就不贴了，最终根据id我们定位到
settings_main_dashboard.xml 布局，长这样
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/main_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
/>
通过查找布局文件的引用，接下来我们跟到了SettingsActivity中
源码位置 packages\apps\Settings\src\com\android\settings\SettingsActivity.java
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedState) {
super.onCreate(savedState);
...
final ComponentName cn = intent.getComponent();
final String className = cn.getClassName();
//目前显示的就是设置的主界面，mIsShowingDashboard=true
mIsShowingDashboard = className.equals(Settings.class.getName());
...
//此处加载的就是刚刚的settings_main_dashboard布局
setContentView(mIsShowingDashboard ?
R.layout.settings_main_dashboard : R.layout.settings_main_prefs);
//settings_main_dashboard布局中的mContent需要被替换填充
mContent = (ViewGroup) findViewById(R.id.main_content);
...
if (!mIsShowingDashboard) {
mDisplaySearch = false;
// UP will be shown only if it is a sub settings
if (mIsShortcut) {
mDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled = isSubSettings;
} else if (isSubSettings) {
mDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled = true;
} else {
mDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled = false;
}
setTitleFromIntent(intent);
Bundle initialArguments = intent.getBundleExtra(EXTRA_SHOW_FRAGMENT_ARGUMENTS);
switchToFragment(initialFragmentName, initialArguments, true, false,
mInitialTitleResId, mInitialTitle, false);
} else {//进入这，通过switchToFragment方法替换
// No UP affordance if we are displaying the main Dashboard
mDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled = false;
// Show Search affordance
mDisplaySearch = true;
mInitialTitleResId = R.string.dashboard_title;
switchToFragment(DashboardSummary.class.getName(), null, false, false,
mInitialTitleResId, mInitialTitle, false);
}
...
}
接下来到switchToFragment方法中
private Fragment switchToFragment(String fragmentName, Bundle args, boolean validate,
boolean addToBackStack, int titleResId, CharSequence title, boolean withTransition) {
if (validate && !isValidFragment(fragmentName)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid fragment for this activity: "
+ fragmentName);
}
Fragment f = Fragment.instantiate(this, fragmentName, args);
FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
//通过DashboardSummary来替换id为main_content的FrameLayout
transaction.replace(R.id.main_content, f);
if (withTransition) {
TransitionManager.beginDelayedTransition(mContent);
}
if (addToBackStack) {
transaction.addToBackStack(SettingsActivity.BACK_STACK_PREFS);
}
if (titleResId > 0) {
transaction.setBreadCrumbTitle(titleResId);
} else if (title != null) {
transaction.setBreadCrumbTitle(title);
}
transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
getFragmentManager().executePendingTransactions();
return f;
}
到这里我们找到了Setting主界面显示的真正内容是DashboardSummary这个类，跳到这个类，让我们来一探究竟
源码位置 packages\apps\Settings\src\com\android\settings\dashboard\DashboardSummary.java
首先看到onResume()方法中
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
//方法名和UI相关，应该是我们要找的
sendRebuildUI();
//应用删除、改变、替换广播监听，猜想应该是和设置中应用项的内层有关
final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_CHANGED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED);
filter.addDataScheme("package");
getActivity().registerReceiver(mHomePackageReceiver, filter);
}
sendRebuildUI()方法通过Handler发送一个MSG_REBUILD_UI消息，找到消息接收地方
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_REBUILD_UI: {
final Context context = getActivity();
rebuildUI(context);
} break;
}
}
};
private HomePackageReceiver mHomePackageReceiver = new HomePackageReceiver();
private class HomePackageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
rebuildUI(context);
}
}
不难发现，最终都调用了同一个方法rebuildUI()，肯定是这货无疑了。
private void rebuildUI(Context context) {
if (!isAdded()) {
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Cannot build the DashboardSummary UI yet as the Fragment is not added");
return;
}
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
final Resources res = getResources();
//添加之前先移除所有原来的View
mDashboard.removeAllViews();
//通过SettingsActivity中的getDashboardCategories方法获取所有配置项
List<DashboardCategory> categories =
((SettingsActivity) context).getDashboardCategories(true);
final int count = categories.size();
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "new categories=" + count);
//遍历配置项列表集合，逐个添加(这块可结合上面的分析图看比较容易理解一些)
for (int n = 0; n < count; n++) {
DashboardCategory category = categories.get(n);
//categoryView整个大类，例如无线和网络、设备
View categoryView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.dashboard_category, mDashboard, false);
//大类的标题文字，无线和网络
TextView categoryLabel = (TextView) categoryView.findViewById(R.id.category_title);
categoryLabel.setText(category.getTitle(res));
ViewGroup categoryContent =
(ViewGroup) categoryView.findViewById(R.id.category_content);
final int tilesCount = category.getTilesCount();
//大类中添加对应的小类，例如 WLAN、蓝牙、SIM卡
for (int i = 0; i < tilesCount; i++) {
DashboardTile tile = category.getTile(i);
DashboardTileView tileView = new DashboardTileView(context);
updateTileView(context, res, tile, tileView.getImageView(),
tileView.getTitleTextView(), tileView.getStatusTextView());
tileView.setTile(tile);
categoryContent.addView(tileView);
}
// Add the category
mDashboard.addView(categoryView);
}
long delta = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "rebuildUI took: " + delta + " ms");
}
我们再回到SettingsActivity中的getDashboardCategories方法
public List<DashboardCategory> getDashboardCategories(boolean forceRefresh) {
if (forceRefresh || mCategories.size() == 0) {
buildDashboardCategories(mCategories);
}
return mCategories;
}
实际调用buildDashboardCategories()方法，再来
/**
* Called when the activity needs its list of categories/tiles built.
*
* @param categories The list in which to place the tiles categories.
*/
private void buildDashboardCategories(List<DashboardCategory> categories) {
categories.clear();
//通过解析dashboard_categories.xml文件，添加到categories中
loadCategoriesFromResource(R.xml.dashboard_categories, categories, this);
updateTilesList(categories);
}
dashboard_categories.xml文件内容如下
源码位置 packages\apps\Settings\res\xml\dashboard_categories.xml
<dashboard-categories
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<!-- WIRELESS and NETWORKS -->
<dashboard-category
android:id="@+id/wireless_section"
android:key="@string/category_key_wireless"
android:title="@string/header_category_wireless_networks" >
<!-- Wifi -->
<dashboard-tile
android:id="@+id/wifi_settings"
android:title="@string/wifi_settings_title"
android:fragment="com.android.settings.wifi.WifiSettings"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_wireless"
/>
<!-- Bluetooth -->
<dashboard-tile
android:id="@+id/bluetooth_settings"
android:title="@string/bluetooth_settings_title"
android:fragment="com.android.settings.bluetooth.BluetoothSettings"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_bluetooth"
/>
.....
</dashboard-category>
<!-- DEVICE -->
<dashboard-category
android:id="@+id/device_section"
android:key="@string/category_key_device"
android:title="@string/header_category_device" >
<!-- Home -->
<dashboard-tile
android:id="@+id/home_settings"
android:title="@string/home_settings"
android:fragment="com.android.settings.HomeSettings"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_home"
/>
....
</dashboard-category>
...
看完这个xml文件是不是有一种恍然大明白的感觉，那就对了，这就对应了Setting的主界面，看到注释Wifi和Bluetooth等，注意观察上面的xml，dashboard-category节点为一个大类，dashboard-tile节点为里面的一个小类，对应的属性id不用多说，title即显示的标题文字，fragment对应点击时跳转的页面，icon为标题文字左边对应的图标。
回到文章开头的需求，如果只是简单的增加项或者删除项，只需在dashboard_categories.xml中增加对应的节点或者删除对应的节点，然后你就可以编译查看效果，舒舒服服的下班了。
⑧特以后你可就不舒服了，于是我灵机一动，既然系统原来是通过解析dashboard_categories.xml所有配置项，每次在onResume()中重新addView(),那么我们可以在这里做手脚(快，夸我机智)，在解析系统dashboard_categories.xml得到的List添加我们想添加的配置项。
我们可以仿照谷歌工程师的做法，同样解析客户提供的xml来动态增加配置项。既然是解析，就得固定模板，肯定是我们需要给客户提供xml模板，他们来修改就好啦。
接下来，我们来看下系统是如何解析dashboard_categories.xml的，回到loadCategoriesFromResource()
public static void loadCategoriesFromResource(int resid, List<DashboardCategory> target,
Context context) {
XmlResourceParser parser = null;
try {
parser = context.getResources().getXml(resid);
...
while ((type=parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
&& (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
continue;
}
nodeName = parser.getName();
//大类的配置节点
if ("dashboard-category".equals(nodeName)) {
//大类对应的bean
DashboardCategory category = new DashboardCategory();
TypedArray sa = context.obtainStyledAttributes(
attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader);
//id赋值
category.id = sa.getResourceId(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader_id,
(int)DashboardCategory.CAT_ID_UNDEFINED);
TypedValue tv = sa.peekValue(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader_title);
if (tv != null && tv.type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {
if (tv.resourceId != 0) {
category.titleRes = tv.resourceId;
} else {
//title赋值
category.title = tv.string;
}
}
sa.recycle();
sa = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
com.android.internal.R.styleable.Preference);
tv = sa.peekValue(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.Preference_key);
if (tv != null && tv.type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {
if (tv.resourceId != 0) {
category.key = context.getString(tv.resourceId);
} else {
category.key = tv.string.toString();
}
}
sa.recycle();
final int innerDepth = parser.getDepth();
while ((type=parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
&& (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > innerDepth)) {
if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
continue;
}
String innerNodeName = parser.getName();
//大类中对应的小类
if (innerNodeName.equals("dashboard-tile")) {
//小类对应的bean
DashboardTile tile = new DashboardTile();
sa = context.obtainStyledAttributes(
attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader);
tile.id = sa.getResourceId(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader_id,
(int)TILE_ID_UNDEFINED);
tv = sa.peekValue(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader_title);
if (tv != null && tv.type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {
if (tv.resourceId != 0) {
tile.titleRes = tv.resourceId;
} else {
//小类的title
tile.title = tv.string;
}
}
tv = sa.peekValue(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader_summary);
if (tv != null && tv.type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {
if (tv.resourceId != 0) {
tile.summaryRes = tv.resourceId;
} else {
tile.summary = tv.string;
}
}
//小类的icon
tile.iconRes = sa.getResourceId(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader_icon, 0);
//小类的fragment
tile.fragment = sa.getString(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.PreferenceHeader_fragment);
sa.recycle();
...
// Show the SIM Cards setting if there are more than 2 SIMs installed.
if(tile.id != R.id.sim_settings || Utils.showSimCardTile(context)){
category.addTile(tile);
...
}
target.add(category);
} else {
XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
}
}
...
}
从系统的解析方法中，我提取了重要的有用的节点进而简化了解析方法，代码如下(在DashboardSummary.java中新增)
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser;
XmlPullParserFactory xmlPullParserFactory;
FileInputStream fileInputStream;
private void loadCategoriesFromXml(List<DashboardCategory> categories){
String xmlPath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
+"/Android/dashboard.xml";
File file = new File(xmlPath);
if (file.exists() && file.canRead()){
try {
xmlPullParserFactory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
xmlPullParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
xmlPullParser = xmlPullParserFactory.newPullParser();
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(xmlPath);
xmlPullParser.setInput(fileInputStream, "utf-8");
int mEventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
DashboardCategory category = null;
DashboardTile tile = null;
while (mEventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT){
switch (mEventType) {
case XmlPullParser.START_DOCUMENT:
break;
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
String name = xmlPullParser.getName();
if (name.equals("dashboard-category")){
category = new DashboardCategory();
category.title = xmlPullParser.getAttributeValue(null, "title");
}else if (name.equals("dashboard-tile")){
tile = new DashboardTile();
}else if (name.equals("title")){
tile.title = xmlPullParser.nextText();
}else if (name.equals("action")){
tile.intent = new Intent(xmlPullParser.nextText());
}
break;
case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
String nameP = xmlPullParser.getName();
if (nameP.equals("dashboard-tile")){
tile.iconRes = R.drawable.ic_settings_meituan;
category.addTile(tile);
}else if (nameP.equals("dashboard-category")){
categories.add(category);
}
break;
}
mEventType = xmlPullParser.next();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error parsing categories", e);
}finally{
if (fileInputStream != null){
try{
fileInputStream.close();
xmlPullParserFactory = null;
xmlPullParser = null;
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
}
}else {
Log.i(LOG_TAG, ".dashboard.xml don't exists");
}
}
对应的xml模板如下，到时候需要将dashboard.xml文件放置在SD卡的Android目录下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<dashboard-categories>
<dashboard-category title="title one">
<dashboard-tile>
<title>红</title>
<action>com.android.settings.SCHEDULE_POWER_ON_OFF_SETTING</action>
</dashboard-tile>
<dashboard-tile>
<title>黄</title>
<action>android.settings.ZEN_MODE_PRIORITY_SETTINGS</action>
</dashboard-tile>
<dashboard-tile>
<title>蓝</title>
<action>android.settings.DEVICE_INFO_SETTINGS</action>
</dashboard-tile>
</dashboard-category>
<dashboard-category title="title two">
<dashboard-tile>
<title>哈哈哈</title>
<action>com.android1.settings.SCHEDULE_POWER_ON_OFF_SETTING</action>
</dashboard-tile>
</dashboard-category>
</dashboard-categories>
好了，还差最后一步，在rebuildUI方法中增加我们自己的xml解析方法调用。
private void rebuildUI(Context context) {
...
mDashboard.removeAllViews();
List<DashboardCategory> categories =
((SettingsActivity) context).getDashboardCategories(true);
/////////////////////////////////
List<DashboardCategory> myCategories = new ArrayList<DashboardCategory>();
myCategories.clear();
loadCategoriesFromXml(myCategories);
for (int i = 0; i < myCategories.size(); i++) {
categories.add(i, myCategories.get(i));
}
///////////////////////////
final int count = categories.size();
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "new categories=" + count);
for (int n = 0; n < count; n++) {
...
}
}
干的漂亮，这样就实现了文章开头的效果。
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