cd /opt/
环境:centos6.x

yum -y install perl-DBI
yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL 
yum -y install perl-IO-Socket-SSL.noarch
yum -y install perl-Time-HiRes  
yum -y install perl-TermReadKey
yum -y install perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker

[root@db130 opt]# rpm -aq | grep libgcrypt

libgcrypt-devel-1.4.-.el6_8.x86_64

libgcrypt-1.4.-.el6_8.x86_64

# 下载对应的版本

wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.12/binary/tarball/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.12-Linux-x86_64.libgcrypt145.tar.gz

tar -zxf percona-xtrabackup-2.4.-Linux-x86_64.libgcrypt145.tar.gz

mv percona-xtrabackup-2.4.-Linux-x86_64 percona-xtrabackup-2.4.

ln -s /opt/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.12/bin/* /usr/bin/

# 快速尝试恢复操作
# 备份的文件是：/root/tmp/data_test-03-28.tar.bz2
# 进行恢复前，请先找个环境，或者在本地直接恢复时，先停止数据库。
并且清空数据目录： /data/mysql/percona_server/data  # 我这里是这个目录
[root@db130 tmp]# rm -rf /data/mysql/percona_server/data/*

tar -jxf data_test-03-28.tar.bz2 
[root@db130 tmp]# ll
total 2097328
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql        489 Mar 28 00:01 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 2147483648 Mar 28 00:00 ibdata
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql      82769 Mar 28 00:01 innobackup.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql       3000 Mar 28 00:01 my.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql       4096 Mar 28 00:01 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql       4096 Mar 28 00:01 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql      16384 Mar 28 00:01 db_test
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql        223 Mar 28 00:01 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql        121 Mar 28 00:01 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql        877 Mar 28 00:01 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      37888 Mar 28 00:01 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql         79 Mar 28 00:01 xtrabackup_slave_info

[root@db130 opt]# innobackupex --apply-log --use-memory=1G /root/tmp/
xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=innodb --innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=innodb --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata:2G:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=3 --innodb_log_file_size=536870912 --innodb_fast_checksum=0 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_log_block_size=512 --innodb_undo_directory=. --innodb_undo_tablespaces=0 --server-id=1535086937 --redo-log-version=0 
xtrabackup: recognized client arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=innodb --innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=innodb --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata:2G:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=3 --innodb_log_file_size=536870912 --innodb_fast_checksum=0 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_log_block_size=512 --innodb_undo_directory=. --innodb_undo_tablespaces=0 --server-id=1535086937 --redo-log-version=0 
190328 17:56:49 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.4.12 based on MySQL server 5.7.19 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 170eb8c)
xtrabackup: cd to /root/tmp/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(31806247544)
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:2G:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:2G:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 1073741824 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 1G, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 31806247544
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 31806283251 (0%)
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress in percent: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 908352864, file name mysql-bin.000018
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
InnoDB: 5.7.19 started; log sequence number 31806283251
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 908352864, file name mysql-bin.000018

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 31806284939
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:2G:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 536870912
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 1G, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 512 MB
InnoDB: Progress in MB:
 100 200 300 400 500
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 512 MB
InnoDB: Progress in MB:
 100 200 300 400 500
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile2 size to 512 MB
InnoDB: Progress in MB:
 100 200 300 400 500
InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=31806284939
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 31806285324
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 31806285333 (0%)
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 908352864, file name mysql-bin.000018
InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
InnoDB: page_cleaner: 1000ms intended loop took 17842ms. The settings might not be optimal. (flushed=0 and evicted=0, during the time.)
InnoDB: 5.7.19 started; log sequence number 31806285333
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 31806287020
190328 17:57:13 completed OK!
[root@db130 opt]# 
 

[root@db130 tmp]# cp -raf * /data/mysql/percona_server/data/
[root@db130 tmp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/percona_server/data/*
[root@db130 tmp]# su - mysql
[mysql@db130 ~]$ cd /data/mysql/percona_server/data/
[mysql@db130 data]$ rm -rf backup-my.cnf my.cnf innobackup.log xtrabackup_*
[mysql@db130 data]$ ll
total 3682340
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 2147483648 Mar 28 18:05 ibdata
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  536870912 Mar 28 18:05 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  536870912 Mar 28 17:57 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  536870912 Mar 28 17:57 ib_logfile2
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   12582912 Mar 28 18:05 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql       4096 Mar 28 00:01 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql       4096 Mar 28 00:01 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql      20480 Mar 28 00:01 db_test
[mysql@db130 data]$ 

# 启动数据库
查看日志：
tail -f /data/mysql/percona_server/logs/mysql-error.log 
2019-03-28 18:13:20 0 [Note] /data/mysql/percona_server/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.41-84.1-log) starting as process 18085 ...
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2019-03-28 18:13:20 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 10.0G
2019-03-28 18:13:25 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2019-03-28 18:13:28 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2019-03-28 18:13:30 18085 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2019-03-28 18:13:30 18085 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2019-03-28 18:13:30 18085 [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.41-84.1 started; log sequence number 31806291260
2019-03-28 18:13:31 18085 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 231afb9b-5142-11e9-b4ba-000c29774efe.
2019-03-28 18:13:31 18085 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306
2019-03-28 18:13:31 18085 [Note]   - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';
2019-03-28 18:13:31 18085 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
2019-03-28 18:13:34 18085 [ERROR] Failed to open the relay log '/data/mysql/percona_server/relay_log/relay-bin.000049' (relay_log_pos 197442274).
2019-03-28 18:13:34 18085 [ERROR] Could not find target log file mentioned in relay log info in the index file '/data/mysql/percona_server/relay_log/relay-bin.index' during relay log initialization.
2019-03-28 18:13:34 18085 [ERROR] Failed to initialize the master info structure
2019-03-28 18:13:34 18085 [Note] Check error log for additional messages. You will not be able to start replication until the issue is resolved and the server restarted.
2019-03-28 18:13:36 18085 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2019-03-28 18:13:36 18085 [Note] /data/mysql/percona_server/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.6.41-84.1-log'  socket: '/data/mysql/percona_server/run/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution

此时可以登录。
mysql> stop slave ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> reset slave all;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+---------------------+
| Database            |
+---------------------+
| information_schema  |
| mysql               |
| performance_schema  |
| db_test |
+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| user1         | %         |
| root          | 127.0.0.1 |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
[root@db130 tmp]# cat xtrabackup_slave_info 
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000019', MASTER_LOG_POS=197442064;
mysqlbinlog --start-position=197442064

[root@db130 tmp]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=197442064 mysql-bin.000019 >19.binlog
mysqlbinlog: unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8mb4'
[root@db130 tmp]# 
[root@db130 tmp]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=197442064  mysql-bin.000019 >19.binlog  
# 导入差异化数据
[mysql@db130 ~]$ mysql.login < /data/mysql/19.binlog &
[1] 18273
[mysql@db130 ~]$ Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

至此，一个全备份恢复完毕。
本人在测试环境中遇到的一个小坑：因为本地虚拟机的内存小，导致恢复数据时，数据库实例挂掉了。关闭虚拟机，调高内存，就可以解决掉。