Django url(系统)

　　URL配置(URLconf)就像Django 所支撑网站的目录。它的本质是URL模式以及要为该URL模式调用的视图函数之间的映射表；你就是以这种方式告诉Django，对于这个URL调用这段代码，对于那个URL调用那段代码。

urlpatterns = [
    url(正则表达式, views视图函数，参数，别名),
]

　　参数说明:

• 一个正则表达式字符串
• 一个可调用对象，通常为一个视图函数或一个指定视图函数路径的字符串
• 可选的要传递给视图函数的默认参数（字典形式）
• 一个可选的name参数

 

一个简单的url配置例子:

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),  

    #url(r'^articles/[0-9]{4}/$', views.year_archive),

    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),  #no_named group

    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),

    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),

]

　　

views.py

url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), 
def special_case_2003(req):
    
    return HttpResponse("2003")8

########
url(r'^articles/[0-9]{4}/$', views.year_archive),
def year_archive(req):
    
    return HttpResponse("year")
########
url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), url可以作为路径参数,传到视图函数里去,参数用()括起来.
def year_archive(req,y):
    
    return HttpResponse(y+"*year")
#########
url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), url中有两个(),views中需要有两个参数来接收传过来的变量.
def month_archive(req,y,m):
    
    return HttpResponse(y+"year"+ m+"month")
#########
url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),

　　

　　

name group url

      The above example used simple, non-named regular-expression groups (via parenthesis) to capture bits of the URL and pass them as positional arguments to a view. In more advanced usage, it’s possible to use named regular-expression groups to capture URL bits and pass them as keyword arguments to a view.

       In Python regular expressions, the syntax for named regular-expression groups is (?P<name>pattern), where name is the name of the group and pattern is some pattern to match.

Here’s the above example URLconf, rewritten to use named groups:

 

 

from django.conf.urls import url
  
from . import views
  
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail),
]

　　

 

url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
def year_archive(req,year):  views接收到的参数必须和urls里面的name是一致的
    
    return HttpResponse(year+"*year")

　　This accomplishes exactly the same thing as the previous example, with one subtle difference: The captured values are passed to view functions as keyword arguments rather than positional arguments.

这完成了与上一个示例完全相同的操作，只是有一个微妙的区别：捕获的值作为关键字参数而不是位置参数传递给视图函数。

 

Passing extra options to view functions

URLconfs have a hook that lets you pass extra arguments to your view functions, as a Python dictionary.

The django.conf.urls.url() function can take an optional third argument which should be a dictionary of extra keyword arguments to pass to the view function.

For example:

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
  
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^blog/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive, {'foo': 'bar'}),
]

       In this example, for a request to /blog/2005/, Django will call views.year_archive(request, year='2005',foo='bar').

This technique is used in the syndication framework to pass metadata and options to views.

Dealing with conflicts

       It’s possible to have a URL pattern which captures named keyword arguments, and also passes arguments with the same names in its dictionary of extra arguments. When this happens, the arguments in the dictionary will be used instead of the arguments captured in the URL.

　　

name param

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index',views.index,name='bieming'),
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),

]
###################

def index(req):
    if req.method=='POST':
        username=req.POST.get('username')
        password=req.POST.get('password')
        if username=='alex' and password=='123':
            return HttpResponse("登陆成功")



    return render(req,'index.html')

#####################

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{#     <form action="/index/" method="post">#}
     <form action="{% url 'bieming' %}" method="post">
         用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
         密码:<input type="password" name="password">
         <input type="submit" value="submit">
     </form>
</body>
</html>


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