手动编译部署LNMP环境(CentOS7.5+Nginx-1.18.0+MySQL-5.7.30+PHP-7.4.14)

2023-07-22 08:00:22

在平时运维工作中，经常需要用到LNMP应用框架。LNMP环境是指在Linux系统下，由Nginx + MySQL + PHP组成的网站服务器架构。

可参考前面的文章：

(1) CentOS7.5 (系统最小化安装)准备环境。

# 更改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname --static lnmp-01 && exec bash

# 关闭SELinux

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# sed -i '7s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# setenforce 0

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# getenforce

Permissive

# 关闭firewalld

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

# 查看内核版本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

# 安装基础软件

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y vim wget lsof net-tools tree curl lrzsz

(2) 安装Nginx-1.18.0 【官方下载站点：源码包，rpm包，版本号A.B.C，B是偶数为稳定版；奇数则为开发版】【官方站点：configure命令参数】

# 查看是否已安装，有则卸载

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | egrep nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum remove -y nginx.x86_64 nginx-xxx

# 创建nginx用户和目录

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/apps/nginx

# 安装nginx 编译所需依赖

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls

nginx-1.18.0  nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd nginx-1.18.0

# 选择相应的编译参数【官方站点：configure命令参数】

[root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --help

[root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/data/apps/nginx \

--user=nginx \

--group=nginx \

--with-http_ssl_module \

--with-http_flv_module \

--with-http_stub_status_module \

--with-http_gzip_static_module

编译参数解析

  --prefix=　　　　　　安装目录路径

  --user=　　　　　　　用户

  --group=　　　　　　组

  --with-http_ssl_module　　　　支持HTTPS协议

  --with-http_flv_module　　　　支持Flash视频　　

  --with-http_stub_status_module　　提供访问的状态信息

  --with-http_gzip_static_module　　支持gzip压缩文件

[root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# make -j 4 && make install　　　　#make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译： cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

# 将nginx命令添加环境变量

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "export PATH=/data/apps/nginx/sbin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh

# nginx命令语法及参数

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx -h

nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:

  -?,-h         : this help

  -v            : show version and exit

  -V            : show version and configure options then exit

  -t            : test configuration and exit

  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit

  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing

  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload

  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /data/apps/nginx/)

  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)

  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

# 测试启动nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -ntupl | grep nginx

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1098/nginx: master

# 访问nginx测试页面

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>　　　　

<style>

    body {

        width: 35em;

        margin: 0 auto;

        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;

    }

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>　　　　# 安装正常会显示如下内容

<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and

working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to

<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>

Commercial support is available at

<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>

</body>

</html>

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx -s stop

# 添加systemd管理

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

# 添加以下内容

[Unit]

Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server

After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

Wants=network-online.target

[Service]

Type=forking

PIDFile=/data/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid　　　　# 自定义项

# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong

# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.

# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621

ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /data/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid　　　　# 自定义项

ExecStartPre=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /data/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf　　　　# 自定义项

ExecStart=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx　　　　# 自定义项

ExecReload=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload　　　　# 自定义项

KillSignal=SIGQUIT

TimeoutStopSec=5

KillMode=process

PrivateTmp=true

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 启动nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl start|stop|restart|reload nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nutpl | grep nginx

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9714/nginx: master

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx

root       9714      1  0 11:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx      9715   9714  0 11:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

# 设置开机自启动

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep nginx

nginx.service                                 enabled

(3) MySQL-5.7.30 【官方下载站点：源码/rpm包】【下载站点：boost_1_59_0】【官方站点：cmake选项参数】

# 查看是否已安装mariadb或mysql，有则卸载

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | egrep 'mariadb|mysql'

mariadb-libs.x86_64                  1:5.5.56-2.el7                    @anaconda

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum remove -y mariadb-libs.x86_64

# 安装mysql编译所需依赖

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y cmake make gcc gcc-c++ bison ncurses ncurses-devel

# 若需下载其他版本，修改最后段版本号(30改为34)即可；推荐到官方站点下载

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz　　　　# 地址1

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz　　# 地址2

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

---------------------------------# 或下载带boost的包 ----------------------------------------------------

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.30.tar.gz　　# 地址1

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.30.tar.gz　　# 地址2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls

boost_1_59_0  boost_1_59_0.tar.gz  mysql-5.7.30  mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.30

# 选择相应的编译参数【官方站点：cmake选项参数】

[root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# cmake --help

[root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# cmake . \

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/apps/mysql \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/apps/mysql/data_db \

-DSYSCONFDIR==/etc \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \

-DWITH_SYSTEMD=bool \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=bool \

-DWITH_BOOST=/root/boost_1_59_0 \

-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all

======= 等待几分钟完成编译，末尾正常输出以下内容=========

......

-- INSTALL mysqlclient.pc lib/pkgconfig

-- Skipping deb packaging on unsupported platform .

-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: RelWithDebInfo

-- COMPILE_DEFINITIONS: _GNU_SOURCE;_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64;HAVE_CONFIG_H

-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS:  -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement

-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:  -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Woverloaded-virtual -Wno-unused-parameter

-- CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS:

-- CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS:

-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF

-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.7.30

参数说明：

  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX：mysql安装目录

  -DMYSQL_DATADIR：数据存放目录

  -DEFAULT_CHARSET：数据库默认字符编码

  -DWITH_SYSTEMD：提供systemd脚本

  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE：允许从本文件导入数据

  -DWITH_BOOST: boost源码路径

  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS：支持额外字符集

----------------------------------------------------------------------

# 若cmake出错了，需根据下面操作，然后再重新编译安装。

[root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# find / -iname CMakeCache.txt

[root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# make clean

[root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

----------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# make -j 4 && make install　　　　# make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译： cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysql -V

/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

# 添加环境变量

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

# 创建mysql用户和目录并设置权限

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/apps/mysql/{data_db,logs,tmp}

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/apps/mysql/{data_db,logs,tmp}

# 创建配置文件my.cnf

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

default-character-set = utf8mb4

socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]

port = 3306

default-character-set = utf8mb4

socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

port = 3306

server-id = 1

user = mysql

basedir = /data/apps/mysql

datadir = /data/apps/mysql/data_db

character_set_server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci

socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

log-error = /data/apps/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log

pid-file = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid

# 执行初始化

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/data/apps/mysql --datadir=/data/apps/mysql/data_db --user=mysql　　　#(5.7以上版本)

--------- 正常输出以下信息 -----------

2021-06-22T11:38:05.991267Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2021-06-22T11:38:06.327772Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2021-06-22T11:38:06.367358Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2021-06-22T11:38:06.424912Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4fc67845-d34e-11eb-9ce0-000c29ceb2c0.

2021-06-22T11:38:06.426105Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2021-06-22T11:38:06.590676Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.

2021-06-22T11:38:06.643809Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

# 添加systemd管理

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

[Unit]

Description=MySQL Server

Documentation=man:mysqld(8)

Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

After=network.target

After=syslog.target

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]

User=mysql

Group=mysql

Type=forking

PIDFile=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid　　　　# 自定义项

TimeoutSec=0

PermissionsStartOnly=true

ExecStartPre=/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd

ExecStart=/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS   # 自定义项

EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql

LimitNOFILE = 5000

Restart=on-failure

RestartPreventExitStatus=1

PrivateTmp=false

# 启动mysql

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl start|stop|restart|reload mysqld

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nutpl | grep mysql

tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      30472/mysqld

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql

mysql     30472      1  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid

# 登录mysql

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# mysql -uroot

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 3

Server version: 5.7.30 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| sys                |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 设置开机自启动

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep mysql

mysqld.service                                enabled

(4) PHP-7.4.14 【官方下载站点：源码包】【官方站点：comfigure选项参数】

# 查看是否已安装php，有则卸载

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | grep php

# 安装mysql编译所需依赖

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y epel-release

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y bzip2 bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel sqlite-devel libcurl-devel libpng-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel oniguruma oniguruma-devel

# 下载指定版本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.14.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf php-7.4.14.tar.gz

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd php-7.4.14

# 选择相应的编译参数【官方站点：cmake选项参数】

[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# ./configure --help

[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# ./configure --prefix=/data/apps/php \

--with-config-file-path=/etc \

--with-fpm-user=www \

--with-fpm-group=www \

--enable-fpm \

--with-openssl \

--enable-mbstring \

--enable-sockets \

--with-freetype-dir \

--with-jpeg-dir \

--with-png-dir \

--with-libxml-dir=/usr \

--enable-xml \

--with-zlib \

--with-mcrypt \

--with-bz2 \

--with-mhash

======= 等待几分钟完成编译，末尾正常输出以下内容=========

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| License:                                                           |

| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |

| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation  |

| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |

| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |

| the installation process at this point.                            |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

参数说明：

--prefix：安装目录

  --with-config-file-path：配置文件位置

  --with-fpm-user：进程管理器进程守护者

  --with-fpm-group：进程管理器进程守护者的用户组

  --enable-fpm：进程管理器

　......

--------------------------------------------------

# 若configure出错了，需清除原编译，然后再重新编译安装。

[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# make clean

--------------------------------------------------

[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# make -j 4 && make install　　　　# make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译： cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/php/bin/php -v

PHP 7.4.14 (cli) (built: Sep  8 2021 09:41:51) ( NTS )

Copyright (c) The PHP Group

Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologi

# 添加环境变量

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/php/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/php.sh

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/php/sbin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/php.sh

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh

-----------------------------------------------------------------

# 或可创建软连接

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ln -s /data/apps/php/bin/php /usr/local/bin/php

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ln -s /data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/bin/php-fpm

# 创建php用户并设置目录权限

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin www

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# chown -R www:www /data/apps/php

# 生成php服务脚本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp ~/php-7.4.14/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpmd

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpmd

# 设置php-fpm配置文件

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

# 测试php配置文件语法是否正确

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# php-fpm -t

[08-Sep-2021 10:45:52] NOTICE: configuration file /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

# 启动php

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpmd start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status|configtest

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nuptl | grep php

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      63705/php-fpm: mast

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef | grep php

root      63705      1  0 10:49 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)

www       63706  63705  0 10:49 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www

www       63707  63705  0 10:49 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www

# 添加systemd管理

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

[Unit]

Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager

After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]

Type=simple

PIDFile=/data/apps/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid　　# 自定义项

ExecStart=/data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf　　# 自定义项

ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 设置开机自启动

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep php

php-fpm.service                               enable

至此，手动编译部署LNMP环境(CentOS7.5+Nginx-1.18.0+MySQL-5.7.30+PHP-7.4.14)已完成。

　附：YUM安装php【下载rpm包】

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install epel-release

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

# 查看php所有版本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/*php*

/etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php54.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php72.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php80.repo

/etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php70.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php73.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php81.repo

/etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php71.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php74.repo

# 选择适合的版本，这里选择php74

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum --enablerepo=remi install -y php74-php

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum --enablerepo=remi install php74-php php74-php-gd php74-php-xml php74-php-sockets php74-php-session php74-php-snmp php74-php-mysql

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# php74 -v

PHP 7.4.23 (cli) (built: Aug 24 2021 16:33:30) ( NTS )

Copyright (c) The PHP Group

Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

码农公寓

相关文章