CentOS7安装vncserver（启动失败及连接黑屏解决办法）

一.安装

以root用户运行以下命令来安装vncserver;

yum install tigervnc-server 

同样运行以下命令来安装vncviewer;

yum install vnc

停止并禁用防火墙；

1.  
   systemctl stop firewalld.service
2.  
   systemctl disable firewalld.service

二.配置

vncviewer基本上不用配置；
vncserver的配置，创建一个新的配置文件，以开启1号窗口为例（也可以同时开启多个窗口，修改数字即可），方法如下：

cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

或者再增加一个窗口：

cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service

编辑/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service,设置用户root相关参数,最终内容如下：

1.  
   [Unit]
2.  
   Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
3.  
   After=syslog.target network.target
4.  
   [Service]
5.  
   Type=forking
6.  
   #Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
7.  
   ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
8.  
   ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
9.  
   PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid
10.  
    ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'

1.设置为非root用户报错：

1.  
   [root@localhost system]# systemctl status -l vncserver@:2.service
2.  
   vncserver@:2.service - Remote desktop service (VNC)
3.  
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service; enabled; vendor preset:
4.  
   disabled)
5.  
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 一 2016-04-25 19:07:23 CST; 7s ago
6.  
   Process: 10305 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l fang -c /usr/bin/vncserver %i (code=exited,
7.  
   status=1/FAILURE)
8.  
   Process: 10291 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c /usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :
9.  
   (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
10.  
    
4月 25 19:07:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Remote desktop service (VNC)...
11.  
    4月 25 19:07:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: vncserver@:2.service: control process
12.  
    exited, code=exited status=1
13.  
    4月 25 19:07:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Remote desktop service
14.  
    (VNC).
15.  
    4月 25 19:07:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit vncserver@:2.service entered failed
16.  
    state.
17.  
    4月 25 19:07:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: vncserver@:2.service failed.

2.Type=forking报错，改为Type=simple

1.  
   [root@localhost system]# systemctl start vncserver@:2.service
2.  
   Job for vncserver@:2.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See
3.  
   "systemctl status vncserver@:2.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
4.  
   [root@localhost system]# systemctl status -l vncserver@:2.service
5.  
   ● vncserver@:2.service - Remote desktop service (VNC)
6.  
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service; enabled; vendor preset:
7.  
   disabled)
8.  
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 一 2016-04-25 19:09:41 CST; 6s ago
9.  
   Process: 12367 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l root -c /usr/bin/vncserver %i (code=exited,
10.  
    status=98)
11.  
    Process: 12354 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c /usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :
12.  
    (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
13.  
    
4月 25 19:09:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Remote desktop service (VNC)...
14.  
    4月 25 19:09:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: vncserver@:2.service: control process
15.  
    exited, code=exited status=98
16.  
    4月 25 19:09:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Remote desktop service
17.  
    (VNC).
18.  
    4月 25 19:09:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit vncserver@:2.service entered failed
19.  
    state.
20.  
    4月 25 19:09:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: vncserver@:2.service failed.

3.vnc viewer客户端连接黑屏

改变xstartup的权限
这个问题是很多人容易忽视的问题，也是造成连接成功后黑屏的原因之一。
在CentOS中，xstartup的文件路径为：/root/.vnc/ （可以通过locate xstartup来查看xstartup的文件路径）
所以需要执行：chmod 777 /root/.vnc/xstartup