# Redis configuration file example.

#

# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be

# started with the file path as first argument:

#

# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify

# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:

#

# 1k =>  bytes

# 1kb =>  bytes

# 1m =>  bytes

# 1mb => * bytes

# 1g =>  bytes

# 1gb => ** bytes

#

# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you

# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need

# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include

# other files, so use this wisely.

#

# Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"

# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed

# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes

# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.

#

# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration

# options, it is better to use include as the last line.

#

# include /path/to/local.conf

# include /path/to/other.conf

################################## MODULES #####################################

# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules

# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.

#

# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so

# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so

################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens

# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.

# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using

# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.

#

# Examples:

#

# bind 172.16.*.* 172.17.*.*

# bind 127.0.0.1 ::

#

# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the

# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the

# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the

# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into

# the IPv4 lookback interface address (this means Redis will be able to

# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it

# is running).

#

# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES

# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.

# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

#bind 127.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that

# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.

#

# When protected mode is on and if:

#

# ) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the

#    "bind" directive.

# ) No password is configured.

#

# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the

# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::, and from Unix domain

# sockets.

#

# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if

# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis

# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces

# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.

protected-mode no

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is  (IANA #).

# If port  is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.

port 

# TCP listen() backlog.

#

# In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order

# to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel

# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so

# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog

# in order to get the desired effect.

tcp-backlog 

# Unix socket.

#

# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for

# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen

# on a unix socket when not specified.

#

# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock

# unixsocketperm 

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds ( to disable)

timeout 

# TCP keepalive.

#

# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence

# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:

#

# ) Detect dead peers.

# ) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network

#    equipment in the middle.

#

# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.

# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.

# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.

#

# A reasonable value for this option is  seconds, which is the new

# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2..

tcp-keepalive 

################################# GENERAL #####################################

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.

# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.

daemonize yes

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your

# supervision tree. Options:

#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction

#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode

#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY= to $NOTIFY_SOCKET

#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on

#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables

# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."

#       They do not enable continuous liveness pings back to your supervisor.

supervised no

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup

# and removes it at exit.

#

# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is

# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file

# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".

#

# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it

# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.

pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.

# This can be one of:

# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)

# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)

# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)

# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)

loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force

# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard

# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null

logfile ""

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,

# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.

# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the syslog identity.

# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.

# syslog-facility local0

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB , you can select

# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where

# dbid is a number between  and 'databases'-

databases 

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the

# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY. Basically this means

# that normally a logo is displayed only in interactive sessions.

#

# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a

# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.

always-show-logo yes

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################

#

# Save the DB on disk:

#

#   save <seconds> <changes>

#

#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given

#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.

#

#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:

#   after  sec ( min) if at least  key changed

#   after  sec ( min) if at least  keys changed

#   after  sec if at least  keys changed

#

#   Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.

#

#   It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save

#   points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument

#   like in the following example:

#

#   save ""

save

save

save  

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled

# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.

# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting

# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some

# disaster will happen.

#

# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will

# automatically allow writes again.

#

# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server

# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will

# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,

# permissions, and so forth.

stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?

# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.

# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but

# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.

rdbcompression yes

# Since version  of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.

# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance

# hit to pay (around %) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it

# for maximum performances.

#

# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will

# tell the loading code to skip the check.

rdbchecksum yes

# The filename where to dump the DB

dbfilename dump.rdb

# The working directory.

#

# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified

# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.

#

# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.

#

# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.

dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of

# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.

#

# ) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to

#    stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least

#    a given number of slaves.

# ) Redis slaves are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the

#    master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of

#    time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next

#    sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.

# ) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a

#    network partition slaves automatically try to reconnect to masters

#    and resynchronize with them.

#

# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration

# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before

# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will

# refuse the slave request.

#

# masterauth <master-password>

# When a slave loses its connection with the master, or when the replication

# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:

#

# ) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will

#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the

#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.

#

# ) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with

#    an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands

#    but to INFO and SLAVEOF.

#

slave-serve-stale-data yes

# You can configure a slave instance to accept writes or not. Writing against

# a slave instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data

# written on a slave will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but

# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a

# misconfiguration.

#

# Since Redis 2.6 by default slaves are read-only.

#

# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients

# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.

# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands

# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve

# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the

# administrative / dangerous commands.

slave-read-only yes

# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.

#

# -------------------------------------------------------

# WARNING: DISKLESS REPLICATION IS EXPERIMENTAL CURRENTLY

# -------------------------------------------------------

#

# New slaves and reconnecting slaves that are not able to continue the replication

# process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a "full

# synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the slaves.

# The transmission can happen in two different ways:

#

# ) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB

#                 file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent

#                 process to the slaves incrementally.

# ) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the

#              RDB file to slave sockets, without touching the disk at all.

#

# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more slaves

# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child producing

# the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead once

# the transfer starts, new slaves arriving will be queued and a new transfer

# will start when the current one terminates.

#

# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of

# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple slaves

# will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.

#

# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication

# works better.

repl-diskless-sync no

# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay

# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket

# to the slaves.

#

# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve

# new slaves arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the server

# waits a delay in order to let more slaves arrive.

#

# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is  seconds. To disable

# it entirely just set it to  seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.

repl-diskless-sync-delay 

# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change

# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is

# seconds.

#

# repl-ping-slave-period 

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:

#

# ) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of slave.

# ) Master timeout from the point of view of slaves (data, pings).

# ) Slave timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).

#

# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value

# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected

# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.

#

# repl-timeout 

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?

#

# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and

# less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for

# the data to appear on the slave side, up to  milliseconds with

# Linux kernels using a default configuration.

#

# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will

# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.

#

# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions

# or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may

# be a good idea.

repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates

# slave data when slaves are disconnected for some time, so that when a slave

# wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a partial

# resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the slave missed while

# disconnected.

#

# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be

# disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.

#

# The backlog is only allocated once there is at least a slave connected.

#

# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog

# will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that

# need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for

# the backlog buffer to be freed.

#

# Note that slaves never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be

# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially

# resynchronize" with the slaves: hence they should always accumulate backlog.

#

# A value of  means to never release the backlog.

#

# repl-backlog-ttl 

# The slave priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO output.

# It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a slave to promote into a

# master if the master is no longer working correctly.

#

# A slave with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so

# for instance if there are three slaves with priority , ,  Sentinel will

# pick the one with priority , that is the lowest.

#

# However a special priority of  marks the slave as not able to perform the

# role of master, so a slave with priority of  will never be selected by

# Redis Sentinel for promotion.

#

# By default the priority is .

slave-priority 

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than

# N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.

#

# The N slaves need to be in "online" state.

#

# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from

# the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second.

#

# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but

# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves

# are available, to the specified number of seconds.

#

# For example to require at least  slaves with a lag <=  seconds use:

#

# min-slaves-to-write

# min-slaves-max-lag

#

# Setting one or the other to  disables the feature.

#

# By default min-slaves-to-write is set to  (feature disabled) and

# min-slaves-max-lag is set to .

# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached

# slaves in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section

# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by

# Redis Sentinel in order to discover slave instances.

# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the

# "ROLE" command of a master.

#

# The listed IP and address normally reported by a slave is obtained

# in the following way:

#

#   IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address

#   of the socket used by the slave to connect with the master.

#

#   Port: The port is communicated by the slave during the replication

#   handshake, and is normally the port that the slave is using to

#   list for connections.

#

# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is

# used, the slave may be actually reachable via different IP and port

# pairs. The following two options can be used by a slave in order to

# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO

# and ROLE will report those values.

#

# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just

# the port or the IP address.

#

# slave-announce-ip 5.5.5.5

# slave-announce-port 

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other

# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust

# others with access to the host running redis-server.

#

# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most

# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).

#

# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to

# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should

# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.

#

requirepass pass123456

# Command renaming.

#

# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared

# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something

# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools

# but not available for general clients.

#

# Example:

#

# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52

#

# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into

# an empty string:

#

# rename-command CONFIG ""

#

# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the

# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.

################################### CLIENTS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default

# this limit is set to  clients, however if the Redis server is not

# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit

# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit

# minus  (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).

#

# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending

# an error 'max number of clients reached'.

#

# maxclients 

############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################

# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.

# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys

# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).

#

# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is

# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands

# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue

# to reply to read-only commands like GET.

#

# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to

# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).

#

# WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,

# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted

# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will

# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output

# buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion

# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.

#

# In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower

# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave

# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').

#

# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory

# is reached. You can select among five behaviors:

#

# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU among the keys with an expire set.

# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.

# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU among the keys with an expire set.

# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.

# volatile-random -> Remove a random key among the ones with an expire set.

# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.

# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)

# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.

#

# LRU means Least Recently Used

# LFU means Least Frequently Used

#

# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated

# randomized algorithms.

#

# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write

#       operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.

#

#       At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append

#       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd

#       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby

#       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby

#       getset mset msetnx exec sort

#

# The default is:

#

# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated

# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or

# accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was

# used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following

# configuration directive.

#

# The default of  produces good enough results.  Approximates very closely

# true LRU but costs more CPU.  is faster but not very accurate.

#

# maxmemory-samples 

############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################

# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking

# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands

# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous

# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed

# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other

# O() or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an

# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for

# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.

#

# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives

# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and

# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands

# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the

# object in the background as fast as possible.

#

# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.

# It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good

# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to

# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.

# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the

# following scenarios:

#

# ) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,

#    in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified

#    memory limit.

# ) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the

#    EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.

# ) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may

#    already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key

#    content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE

#    or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command

#    itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace

#    it with the specified string.

# ) During replication, when a slave performs a full resynchronization with

#    its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to

#    load the RDB file just transfered.

#

# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,

# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically

# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK

# was called, using the following configuration directives:

lazyfree-lazy-eviction no

lazyfree-lazy-expire no

lazyfree-lazy-server-del no

slave-lazy-flush no

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is

# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or

# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on

# the configured save points).

#

# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides

# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy

# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a

# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something

# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is

# still running correctly.

#

# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.

# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file

# with the better durability guarantees.

#

# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly yes

# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk

# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush

# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.

#

# Redis supports three different modes:

#

# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.

# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.

# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.

#

# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between

# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to

# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when

# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of

# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),

# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than

# everysec.

#

# More details please check the following article:

# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html

#

# If unsure, use "everysec".

# appendfsync always

appendfsync everysec

# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background

# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is

# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations

# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for

# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block

# our synchronous write() call.

#

# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option

# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a

# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.

#

# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is

# the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is

# possible to lose up to  seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the

# default Linux settings).

#

# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as

# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.

# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling

# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.

#

# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the

# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of

# the AOF at startup is used).

#

# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is

# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also

# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this

# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase

# is reached but it is still pretty small.

#

# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF

# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage

auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis

# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.

# This may happen when the system where Redis is running

# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the

# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself

# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).

#

# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much

# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found

# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.

#

# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and

# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.

# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error

# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires

# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart

# the server.

#

# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle

# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when

# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes

# will be found.

aof-load-truncated yes

# When rewriting the AOF file, Redis is able to use an RDB preamble in the

# AOF file for faster rewrites and recoveries. When this option is turned

# on the rewritten AOF file is composed of two different stanzas:

#

#   [RDB file][AOF tail]

#

# When loading Redis recognizes that the AOF file starts with the "REDIS"

# string and loads the prefixed RDB file, and continues loading the AOF

# tail.

#

# This is currently turned off by default in order to avoid the surprise

# of a format change, but will at some point be used as the default.

aof-use-rdb-preamble no

################################ LUA SCRIPTING  ###############################

# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.

#

# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is

# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to

# reply to queries with an error.

#

# When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the

# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be

# used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second

# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was

# already issued by the script but the user doesn't want to wait for the natural

# termination of the script.

#

# Set it to  or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.

lua-time-limit 

################################ REDIS CLUSTER  ###############################

#

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

# WARNING EXPERIMENTAL: Redis Cluster is considered to be stable code, however

# in order to mark it as "mature" we need to wait for a non trivial percentage

# of users to deploy it in production.

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

#

# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are

# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a

# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:

#

# cluster-enabled yes

# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not

# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.

# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.

# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have

# overlapping cluster configuration file names.

#

# cluster-config-file nodes-.conf

# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable

# for it to be considered in failure state.

# Most other internal time limits are multiple of the node timeout.

#

# cluster-node-timeout 

# A slave of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data

# looks too old.

#

# There is no simple way for a slave to actually have an exact measure of

# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:

#

# ) If there are multiple slaves able to failover, they exchange messages

#    in order to try to give an advantage to the slave with the best

#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).

#    Slaves will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start

#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.

#

# ) Every single slave computes the time of the last interaction with

#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master

#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the

#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).

#    If the last interaction is too old, the slave will not try to failover

#    at all.

#

# The point "" can be tuned by user. Specifically a slave will not perform

# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time

# elapsed is greater than:

#

#   (node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period

#

# So for example if node-timeout is  seconds, and the slave-validity-factor

# is , and assuming a default repl-ping-slave-period of  seconds, the

# slave will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master

# for longer than  seconds.

#

# A large slave-validity-factor may allow slaves with too old data to failover

# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to

# elect a slave at all.

#

# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the slave-validity-factor

# to a value of , which means, that slaves will always try to failover the

# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.

# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their

# offset rank).

#

# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal

# the cluster will always be able to continue.

#

# cluster-slave-validity-factor 

# Cluster slaves are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters

# that are left without working slaves. This improves the cluster ability

# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over

# in case of failure if it has no working slaves.

#

# Slaves migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a

# given number of other working slaves for their old master. This number

# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of  means that a slave

# will migrate only if there is at least  other working slave for its master

# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of slaves you want for every

# master in your cluster.

#

# Default is  (slaves migrate only if their masters remain with at least

# one slave). To disable migration just set it to a very large value.

# A value of  can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous

# in production.

#

# cluster-migration-barrier 

# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there

# is at least an hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).

# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots

# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.

# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.

#

# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,

# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still

# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage

# option to no.

#

# cluster-require-full-coverage yes

# This option, when set to yes, prevents slaves from trying to failover its

# master during master failures. However the master can still perform a

# manual failover, if forced to do so.

#

# This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple

# data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not

# in the case of a total DC failure.

#

# cluster-slave-no-failover no

# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation

# available at http://redis.io web site.

########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support  ########################

# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because

# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is

# Docker and other containers).

#

# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static

# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The

# following two options are used for this scope, and are:

#

# * cluster-announce-ip

# * cluster-announce-port

# * cluster-announce-bus-port

#

# Each instruct the node about its address, client port, and cluster message

# bus port. The information is then published in the header of the bus packets

# so that other nodes will be able to correctly map the address of the node

# publishing the information.

#

# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection

# will be used instead.

#

# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of

# clients port + , so you can specify any port and bus-port depending

# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of

#  will be used as usually.

#

# Example:

#

# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5

# cluster-announce-port

# cluster-announce-bus-port 

################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified

# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations

# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,

# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only

# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve

# other requests in the meantime).

#

# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis

# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the

# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the

# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the

# queue of logged commands.

# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so  is equivalent

# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while

# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.

slowlog-log-slower-than 

# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.

# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.

slowlog-max-len 

################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################

# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations

# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of

# latency of a Redis instance.

#

# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can

# print graphs and obtain reports.

#

# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or

# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the

# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set

# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.

#

# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed

# if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance

# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency

# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command

# "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.

latency-monitor-threshold 

############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################

# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.

# This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/notifications

#

# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client

# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database , two

# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:

#

# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del

# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo

#

# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set

# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:

#

#  K     Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.

#  E     Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.

#  g     Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...

#  $     String commands

#  l     List commands

#  s     Set commands

#  h     Hash commands

#  z     Sorted set commands

#  x     Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)

#  e     Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)

#  A     Alias for g$lshzxe, so that the "AKE" string means all the events.

#

#  The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed

#  of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications

#  are disabled.

#

#  Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the

#           event name, use:

#

#  notify-keyspace-events Elg

#

#  Example : to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel

#             name __keyevent@0__:expired use:

#

#  notify-keyspace-events Ex

#

#  By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need

#  this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't

#  specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.

notify-keyspace-events ""

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a

# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given

# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.

hash-max-ziplist-entries

hash-max-ziplist-value 

# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.

# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified

# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.

# For a fixed maximum size, use - through -, meaning:

# -: max size:  Kb  <-- not recommended for normal workloads

# -: max size:  Kb  <-- not recommended

# -: max size:  Kb  <-- probably not recommended

# -: max size:  Kb   <-- good

# -: max size:  Kb   <-- good

# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements

# per list node.

# The highest performing option is usually - ( Kb size) or - ( Kb size),

# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.

list-max-ziplist-size -

# Lists may also be compressed.

# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of

# the list to *exclude* from compression.  The head and tail of the list

# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations.  Settings are:

# : disable all list compression

# : depth  means "don't start compressing until after 1 node into the list,

#    going from either the head or tail"

#    So: [head]->node->node->...->node->[tail]

#    [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.

# : [head]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[tail]

#     here means: don't compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,

#    but compress all nodes between them.

# : [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]

# etc.

list-compress-depth 

# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed

# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix  in the range

# of  bit signed integers.

# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the

# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.

set-max-intset-entries 

# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in

# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and

# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:

zset-max-ziplist-entries

zset-max-ziplist-value 

# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the

#  bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses

# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.

#

# A value greater than  is totally useless, since at that point the

# dense representation is more memory efficient.

#

# The suggested value is ~  in order to have the benefits of

# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,

# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to

# ~  when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is

# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the  -  range.

hll-sparse-max-bytes 

# Active rehashing uses  millisecond every  milliseconds of CPU time in

# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level

# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)

# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table

# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the

# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used

# by the hash table.

#

# The default is to use this millisecond  times every second in order to

# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.

#

# If unsure:

# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is

# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time

# to queries with  milliseconds delay.

#

# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but

# want to free memory asap when possible.

activerehashing yes

# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients

# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a

# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the

# publisher can produce them).

#

# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:

#

# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients

# slave  -> slave clients

# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern

#

# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:

#

# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>

#

# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if

# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of

# seconds (continuously).

# So for instance if the hard limit is  megabytes and the soft limit is

#  megabytes /  seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately

# if the size of the output buffers reach  megabytes, but will also get

# disconnected if the client reaches  megabytes and continuously overcomes

# the limit for  seconds.

#

# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data

# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only

# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster

# than it can read.

#

# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and slave clients, since

# subscribers and slaves receive data in a push fashion.

#

# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.

client-output-buffer-limit normal

client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb

client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 

# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed

# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for

# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in

# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special

# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.

#

# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb

# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single

# strings, are normally limited ot  mb. However you can change this limit

# here.

#

# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like

# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are

# never requested, and so forth.

#

# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for

# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.

#

# By default "hz" is set to . Raising the value will use more CPU when

# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when

# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be

# handled with more precision.

#

# The range is between  and , however a value over  is usually not

# a good idea. Most users should use the default of  and raise this up to

#  only in environments where very low latency is required.

hz 

# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled

# the file will be fsync-ed every  MB of data generated. This is useful

# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid

# big latency spikes.

aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good

# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating

# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which

# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.

#

# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the

# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to

# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.

#

# The LFU counter is just  bits per key, it's maximum value is 255, so Redis

# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value

# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in

# this way:

#

# . A random number R between  and  is extracted.

# . A probability P is calculated as /(old_value*lfu_log_factor+).

# . The counter is incremented only if R < P.

#

# The default lfu-log-factor is . This is a table of how the frequency

# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different

# logarithmic factors:

#

# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

# | factor |  hits   |  hits  | 100K hits  | 1M hits    | 10M hits   |

# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

# |       |         |         |         |         |         |

# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

# |       |          |          |         |         |         |

# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

# |      |          |          |         |         |         |

# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

# |     |           |          |          |         |         |

# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

#

# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:

#

#   redis-benchmark -n  incr foo

#   redis-cli object freq foo

#

# NOTE : The counter initial value is  in order to give new objects a chance

# to accumulate hits.

#

# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order

# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value

# less <= ).

#

# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is . A Special value of  means to

# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.

#

# lfu-log-factor

# lfu-decay-time 

########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################

#

# WARNING THIS FEATURE IS EXPERIMENTAL. However it was stress tested

# even in production and manually tested by multiple engineers for some

# time.

#

# What is active defragmentation?

# -------------------------------

#

# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the

# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,

# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.

#

# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but

# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server

# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush

# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature

# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime

# in an "hot" way, while the server is running.

#

# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the

# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the

# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc

# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation

# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the

# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys

# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.

#

# Important things to understand:

#

# . This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis

#    to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.

#    This is the default with Linux builds.

#

# . You never need to enable this feature if you don't have fragmentation

#    issues.

#

# . Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when

#    needed with the command "CONFIG SET activedefrag yes".

#

# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the

# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is

# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.

# Enabled active defragmentation

# activedefrag yes

# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag

# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb

# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag

# active-defrag-threshold-lower 

# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort

# active-defrag-threshold-upper 

# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage

# active-defrag-cycle-min 

# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage

# active-defrag-cycle-max