django种表单post出现CSRF verification failed( CSRF验证失败 ) 的两种解决方式

2023-02-24 09:10:39

现象

表单界面例如以下：

django种表单post出现CSRF verification failed( CSRF验证失败 ) 的两种解决方式

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在点击提交之后，出现例如以下错误页面：

HTML的代码例如以下：

contact_form.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC >

<html>

<head>

    <title>Contact us</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Contact us</h1>

    {% if errors %}

       <ul>

          {% for error in errors %}

           <li>{{ error }}</li>

           {% endfor %}

       </ul>

    {% endif %}

    <form action="/contact/" method="post">

        <p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" value="{{ subject }}"></p>

        <p>Your e-mail (optional): <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>

        <p>Message: <textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="50">{{ message }}</textarea></p>

        <input type="submit" value="Submit">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

view代码例如以下：

view.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.core.mail import send_mail

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def contact(request):

    errors = []

    if request.method == 'POST':

        if not request.POST.get('subject', ''):

            errors.append('Enter a subject.')

        if not request.POST.get('message', ''):

            errors.append('Enter a message.')

        if request.POST.get('email') and '@' not in request.POST['email']:

            errors.append('Enter a valid e‐mail address.')

        if not errors:

            send_mail(

                      request.POST['subject'],

                      request.POST['message'],

                      request.POST.get('email', 'noreply@example.com'),

                      ['siteowner@example.com'],

                      )

            return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')

    return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {

                                                    'errors': errors,

                                                    'subject': request.POST.get('subject', ''),

                                                    'message': request.POST.get('message', ''),

                                                    'email': request.POST.get('email', ''),

                                                    })

一般浏览器都是开启了cookies的，所以在上面图中的错误信息中。我们主要关注后三点，依据提示进行更改：

解决方式一：CSRF验证设置

1. 在 view.py 中的 render_to_response 中，使用 RequestContext 来取代默认的 Context 。

view.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.core.mail import send_mail

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

from django.template import RequestContext

def contact(request):

    errors = []

    if request.method == 'POST':

        if not request.POST.get('subject', ''):

            errors.append('Enter a subject.')

        if not request.POST.get('message', ''):

            errors.append('Enter a message.')

        if request.POST.get('email') and '@' not in request.POST['email']:

            errors.append('Enter a valid e‐mail address.')

        if not errors:

            send_mail(

                      request.POST['subject'],

                      request.POST['message'],

                      request.POST.get('email', 'noreply@example.com'),

                      ['siteowner@example.com'],

                      )

            return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')

    return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {

                                                    'errors': errors,

                                                    'subject': request.POST.get('subject', ''),

                                                    'message': request.POST.get('message', ''),

                                                    'email': request.POST.get('email', ''),

                                                    },context_instance=RequestContext(request))

2. 在模板文件里的 form 表单内加入 {% csrf_token %} 。

contact_form.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC >

<html>

<head>

    <title>Contact us</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Contact us</h1>

    {% if errors %}

       <ul>

          {% for error in errors %}

           <li>{{ error }}</li>

           {% endfor %}

       </ul>

    {% endif %}

    <form action="/contact/" method="post">

        <br />{% csrf_token %}<br />

        <p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" value="{{ subject }}"></p>

        <p>Your e-mail (optional): <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>

        <p>Message: <textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="50">{{ message }}</textarea></p>

        <input type="submit" value="Submit">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

測试执行，成功！

PS：上文中图片中的错误信息第四条，在建立djangoproject的时候 setting.py 已经自己主动加入了 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',

)

解决方式二：不使用 CSRF 验证

1. 在 setting.py 文件里删除 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', ，例如以下所看到的

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',

)

2. 移除 form 表单中的 {% csrf_token %} 标记。例如以下所看到的：

contact_form.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC >

<html>

<head>

    <title>Contact us</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Contact us</h1>

    {% if errors %}

       <ul>

          {% for error in errors %}

           <li>{{ error }}</li>

           {% endfor %}

       </ul>

    {% endif %}

    <form action="/contact/" method="post">

        <p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" value="{{ subject }}"></p>

        <p>Your e-mail (optional): <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>

        <p>Message: <textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="50">{{ message }}</textarea></p>

        <input type="submit" value="Submit">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

3. 在 view.py 中的 render_to_response 中，不使用 RequestContext 。例如以下所看到的：

view.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.core.mail import send_mail

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

from django.template import RequestContext

def contact(request):

    errors = []

    if request.method == 'POST':

        if not request.POST.get('subject', ''):

            errors.append('Enter a subject.')

        if not request.POST.get('message', ''):

            errors.append('Enter a message.')

        if request.POST.get('email') and '@' not in request.POST['email']:

            errors.append('Enter a valid e‐mail address.')

        if not errors:

            send_mail(

                      request.POST['subject'],

                      request.POST['message'],

                      request.POST.get('email', 'noreply@example.com'),

                      ['siteowner@example.com'],

                      )

            return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')

    return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {

                                                    'errors': errors,

                                                    'subject': request.POST.get('subject', ''),

                                                    'message': request.POST.get('message', ''),

                                                    'email': request.POST.get('email', ''),

                                                    })

又一次执行，測试成功！

码农公寓

现象

解决方式一：CSRF验证设置

解决方式二：不使用 CSRF 验证

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