[root@rabbitmq ~]# hostname
  rabbitmq

然后再执行下面这步

echo "127.0.0.1 rabbitmq" >>/etc/hosts 

1 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python

 2 import pika

 3 import sys

 4

 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 6         host='localhost'))

 7 channel = connection.channel()

 8 #队列持久化

 9 channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

10

11 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "Hello World!"

12 #消息持久化
   channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

13                       routing_key='task_queue',

14                       body=message,

15                       properties=pika.BasicProperties(

16                          delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent

17                       ))

18 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)

19 connection.close()

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python

 2 import pika

 3 import time

 4

 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 6         host='localhost'))

 7 channel = connection.channel()

 8

 9 channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

10 print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')

11

12 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

13     print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

14     time.sleep(body.count(b'.'))

15     print(" [x] Done")

16     ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

17

18 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

19 channel.basic_consume(callback,

20                       queue='task_queue')

21

22 channel.start_consuming()

 1 import pika

 2

 3 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 4 # connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=url_1,

 5 #                                      credentials=credentials, ssl=ssl, port=port))

 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 7     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 8

 9 channel = connection.channel()

10

11 # 声明queue

12 channel.queue_declare(queue='nulige',durable=True)

13

14 # n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.

15 channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

16                       routing_key='nulige', #send msg to this queue

17                       body='Hello World!23',

18                       properties=pika.BasicProperties(

19                           delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent

20                       )

21                       )

22

23

24 print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!2'")

25 connection.close()

 1 import pika

 2 import time

 3 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 4 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 5     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 6

 7 channel = connection.channel()

 8 # You may ask why we declare the queue again ‒ we have already declared it in our previous code.

 9 # We could avoid that if we were sure that the queue already exists. For example if send.py program

10 # was run before. But we're not yet sure which program to run first. In such cases it's a good

11 # practice to repeat declaring the queue in both programs.

12 channel.queue_declare(queue='nulige',durable=True)

13

14

15 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

16     print(ch, method, properties)

17

18     print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

19     time.sleep(1)

20

21

22 channel.basic_consume(callback,

23                       queue='nulige',

24                       #no_ack=True

25                       )

26 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

27 print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')

28 channel.start_consuming()

 1 import pika

 2 import sys

 3

 4 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 6     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 7

 8 channel = connection.channel()

 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', type='fanout') #发送消息类型为fanout,就是给所有人发消息

10

11 #如果等于空，就输出hello world!

12 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"

13

14

15 channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',

16                       routing_key='',

17                       body=message)

18

19 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)

20 connection.close()

 1 import pika

 2

 3 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 4 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 5     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 6

 7 channel = connection.channel()

 8

 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',type='fanout')#指定发送类型

10 #必须能过queue来收消息

11 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)  # 不指定queue名字,rabbit会随机分配一个名字,exclusive=True会在使用此queue的消费者断开后,自动将queue删除

12

13 queue_name = result.method.queue

14

15 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',queue=queue_name)  #随机生成的Q，绑定到exchange上面。

16

17 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

18

19 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

20     print(" [x] %r" % body)

21

22

23 channel.basic_consume(callback,

24                       queue=queue_name,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#no_ack=True,

25                       )

26 channel.start_consuming()

 1 import pika

 2 import sys

 3

 4 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 6     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 7

 8 channel = connection.channel()

 9

10 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',type='direct') #指定类型

11

12 severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'  #严重程序，级别；判定条件到底是info，还是空，后面接消息

13

14 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'  #消息

15

16 channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',

17                       routing_key=severity, #绑定的是：error  指定关键字（哪些队列绑定了，这个级别，那些队列就可以收到这个消息）

18                       body=message)

19

20 print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))

21 connection.close()

 1 import pika

 2 import sys

 3

 4 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 6     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 7 channel = connection.channel()

 8

 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',type='direct')

10 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

11 queue_name = result.method.queue

12

13 severities = sys.argv[1:]   #接收那些消息（指info，还是空），没写就报错

14 if not severities:

15     sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0]) #定义了三种接收消息方式info,warning,error

16     sys.exit(1)

17

18 for severity in severities: #[error  info  warning]，循环severities

19     channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',

20                        queue=queue_name,

21                        routing_key=severity)  #循环绑定关键字

22 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

23

24 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

25     print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

26

27 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,)

28 channel.start_consuming()

 1 首先，设置接收类型为：info、warning、 error 三个中的其中一种或多种类型，再从发送端指定发送给那种类型，后面再接要发送的消息。

 2

 3 #接收端

 4 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_direct_recv.py info error  #指定接收类型为info、erron

 5

 6  [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C

 7  [x] 'error':b'err_hpappend'  #接收到的消息

 8

 9 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_direct_recv.py info warning  #指定接收类型为warning

10

11  [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C

12  [x] 'warning':b'nulige'  #接收到的消息

13

14

15 #发送端                                        发送类型   消息

16 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_direct_send.py error err_hpappend

17  [x] Sent 'error':'err_hpappend'

18 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_direct_send.py warning nulige
  19 [x] Sent 'warning':'nulige'

python receive_logs_topic.py "#"  #绑定#号，就是收所有消息，相当于广播

python receive_logs_topic.py "kern.*"   #以kern开头

python receive_logs_topic.py "*.critical"  #以critical结尾

python receive_logs_topic.py "kern.*" "*.critical" #收kern开头并且以critical结尾（相当于收两个）

python emit_log_topic.py "kern.critical" "A critical kernel error" #发消息到kern.critical里,内容是：

A critical kernel error

 1 import pika

 2 import sys

 3

 4 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 6     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 7

 8 channel = connection.channel()

 9

10 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',type='topic') #指定类型

11

12 routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'

13

14 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'  #消息

15

16 channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',

17                       routing_key=routing_key,

18                       body=message)

19 print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))

20 connection.close()

 1 import pika

 2 import sys

 3

 4 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 6     host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 7

 8 channel = connection.channel()

 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',type='topic')

10

11 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

12 queue_name = result.method.queue

13

14 binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]

15 if not binding_keys:

16     sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])

17     sys.exit(1)

18

19 for binding_key in binding_keys:

20     channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',

21                        queue=queue_name,

22                        routing_key=binding_key)

23

24 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

25

26 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

27     print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

28

29 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name)

30

31 channel.start_consuming()

 1 #接收端

 2 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_topic_recv.py error

 3  [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C

 4  [x] 'error':b'mysql has error'

 5

 6

 7 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_topic_recv.py *.warning mysql.*

 8  [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C

 9  [x] 'mysql.error':b'mysql has error'

10

11

12 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_topic_send.py mysql.info "mysql has error"

13  [x] Sent 'mysql.info':'mysql has error'

14

15

16 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_topic_recv.py *.error.*

17  [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C

18  [x] 'mysql.error.':b'mysql has error'

19

20

21 #发送端                                指定类型:error      消息内容

22 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_topic_send.py error "mysql has error"

23  [x] Sent 'error':'mysql has error'

24

25

26 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_topic_send.py mysql.error "mysql has error"

27  [x] Sent 'mysql.error':'mysql has error'

28  [x] 'mysql.info':b'mysql has error'

29

30

31 D:\python\day42>python3 rabbit_topic_send.py mysql.error. "mysql has error"

32  [x] Sent 'mysql.error.':'mysql has error'

 1 import pika

 2 import uuid

 3

 4 class SSHRpcClient(object):

 5     def __init__(self):

 6         credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 7         self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 8                             host='192.168.1.118',credentials=credentials))

 9

10         self.channel = self.connection.channel()

11

12         result = self.channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) #客户端的结果必须要返回到这个queue

13         self.callback_queue = result.method.queue

14

15         self.channel.basic_consume(self.on_response,queue=self.callback_queue) #声明从这个queue里收结果

16

17     def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):

18         if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id: #任务标识符

19             self.response = body

20             print(body)

21

22     # 返回的结果，放在callback_queue中

23     def call(self, n):

24         self.response = None

25         self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4()) #唯一标识符

26         self.channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

27                                    routing_key='rpc_queue3',  #声明一个Q

28                                    properties=pika.BasicProperties(

29                                        reply_to=self.callback_queue,

30                                        correlation_id=self.corr_id,

31                                    ),

32                                    body=str(n))

33

34         print("start waiting for cmd result ")

35         count = 0

36         while self.response is None: #如果命令没返回结果

37             print("loop ",count)

38             count +=1

39             self.connection.process_data_events() #以不阻塞的形式去检测有没有新事件

40             #如果没事件，那就什么也不做， 如果有事件，就触发on_response事件

41         return self.response

42

43 ssh_rpc = SSHRpcClient()

44

45 print(" [x] sending cmd")

46 response = ssh_rpc.call("ipconfig")

47

48 print(" [.] Got result ")

49 print(response.decode("gbk"))

 1 import pika

 2 import time

 3 import subprocess

 4

 5 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('nulige', '123456')

 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(

 7     host='192.168.1.118', credentials=credentials))

 8

 9 channel = connection.channel()

10 channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue3')

11

12 def SSHRPCServer(cmd):

13

14     print("recv cmd:",cmd)

15     cmd_obj = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode(),shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

16

17     result = cmd_obj.stdout.read() or cmd_obj.stderr.read()

18     return result

19

20 def on_request(ch, method, props, body):

21

22     print(" [.] fib(%s)" % body)

23     response = SSHRPCServer(body)

24

25     ch.basic_publish(exchange='',

26                      routing_key=props.reply_to,

27                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id= \

28                                                          props.correlation_id),

29                      body=response)

30

31 channel.basic_consume(on_request, queue='rpc_queue3')

32 print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")

33 channel.start_consuming()

#启动接收端

C:\Python3.5\python3.exe D:/python/day42/rabbit_rpc_recv.py

 [x] Awaiting RPC requests

 [.] fib(b'ipconfig')

recv cmd: b'ipconfig'

 [.] fib(b'ipconfig')

recv cmd: b'ipconfig'

#启动发送端

C:\Python3.5\python3.exe D:/python/day42/rabbit_rpc_send.py

 [x] sending cmd

start waiting for cmd result

loop  0

loop  1

loop  2

loop  3

loop  4

loop  5

loop  6

loop  7

loop  8

loop  9

loop  10

loop  11

loop  12

loop  13

loop  14

loop  15

loop  16

loop  17

loop  18

loop  19

loop  20

loop  21

loop  22

loop  23

loop  24

loop  25

loop  26

loop  27

loop  28

loop  29

loop  30

loop  31

loop  32

loop  33

loop  34

loop  35

loop  36

loop  37

loop  38

loop  39

loop  40

loop  41

loop  42

loop  43

loop  44

loop  45

loop  46

loop  47

loop  48

loop  49

loop  50

loop  51

loop  52

loop  53

loop  54

loop  55

loop  56

loop  57

loop  58

loop  59

loop  60

loop  61

loop  62

loop  63

loop  64

loop  65

loop  66

loop  67

loop  68

loop  69

loop  70

loop  71

loop  72

loop  73

loop  74

loop  75

loop  76

loop  77

loop  78

loop  79

loop  80

loop  81

loop  82

loop  83

loop  84

loop  85

loop  86

loop  87

loop  88

loop  89

loop  90

loop  91

loop  92

loop  93

loop  94

loop  95

loop  96

loop  97

loop  98

loop  99

loop  100

loop  101

loop  102

loop  103

loop  104

loop  105

loop  106

loop  107

loop  108

loop  109

loop  110

loop  111

loop  112

loop  113

loop  114

loop  115

loop  116

loop  117

loop  118

loop  119

loop  120

loop  121

loop  122

loop  123

loop  124

loop  125

loop  126

loop  127

loop  128

loop  129

loop  130

loop  131

loop  132

loop  133

loop  134

loop  135

loop  136

loop  137

loop  138

loop  139

loop  140

loop  141

loop  142

loop  143

loop  144

loop  145

loop  146

loop  147

loop  148

loop  149

loop  150

loop  151

loop  152

loop  153

loop  154

loop  155

loop  156

loop  157

loop  158

loop  159

loop  160

loop  161

loop  162

loop  163

loop  164

loop  165

loop  166

loop  167

loop  168

loop  169

loop  170

loop  171

loop  172

loop  173

loop  174

loop  175

loop  176

loop  177

loop  178

loop  179

loop  180

loop  181

loop  182

loop  183

loop  184

loop  185

loop  186

loop  187

loop  188

loop  189

loop  190

loop  191

loop  192

loop  193

loop  194

loop  195

loop  196

loop  197

loop  198

loop  199

loop  200

loop  201

loop  202

loop  203

loop  204

loop  205

loop  206

loop  207

loop  208

loop  209

loop  210

loop  211

loop  212

loop  213

loop  214

loop  215

loop  216

loop  217

loop  218

loop  219

loop  220

loop  221

loop  222

loop  223

loop  224

loop  225

loop  226

loop  227

loop  228

loop  229

loop  230

loop  231

loop  232

loop  233

loop  234

loop  235

loop  236

loop  237

loop  238

loop  239

loop  240

loop  241

loop  242

loop  243

loop  244

loop  245

loop  246

loop  247

loop  248

loop  249

loop  250

loop  251

loop  252

loop  253

loop  254

loop  255

loop  256

loop  257

loop  258

loop  259

loop  260

loop  261

loop  262

loop  263

loop  264

loop  265

loop  266

loop  267

loop  268

loop  269

loop  270

loop  271

loop  272

loop  273

loop  274

loop  275

loop  276

loop  277

loop  278

loop  279

loop  280

loop  281

loop  282

loop  283

loop  284

loop  285

loop  286

loop  287

loop  288

loop  289

loop  290

loop  291

loop  292

loop  293

loop  294

loop  295

loop  296

loop  297

loop  298

loop  299

loop  300

loop  301

loop  302

loop  303

loop  304

loop  305

loop  306

loop  307

loop  308

loop  309

loop  310

loop  311

loop  312

loop  313

loop  314

loop  315

loop  316

loop  317

loop  318

loop  319

loop  320

loop  321

loop  322

loop  323

loop  324

loop  325

loop  326

loop  327

loop  328

loop  329

loop  330

loop  331

loop  332

loop  333

loop  334

loop  335

loop  336

loop  337

loop  338

loop  339

loop  340

loop  341

loop  342

loop  343

loop  344

loop  345

loop  346

loop  347

loop  348

loop  349

loop  350

loop  351

loop  352

loop  353

loop  354

loop  355

loop  356

loop  357

loop  358

loop  359

loop  360

b'\r\nWindows IP Configuration\r\n\r\n\r\nEthernet adapter Ethernet:\r\n\r\n   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : \r\n\r\nWireless LAN adapter Local Area Connection* 2:\r\n\r\n   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : \r\n\r\nEthernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1:\r\n\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : \r\n   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::edb6:d8a0:9517:fadc%2\r\n   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.44.1\r\n   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0\r\n   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : \r\n\r\nEthernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8:\r\n\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : \r\n   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c8a4:f848:81a4:ba9a%13\r\n   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.30.1\r\n   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0\r\n   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : \r\n\r\nWireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi:\r\n\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : router\r\n   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::2062:f3d:b7ef:baea%10\r\n   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.4\r\n   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0\r\n   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1\r\n\r\nTunnel adapter isatap.{77BACB60-6B87-4077-A7A9-CCEE10FB8D2A}:\r\n\r\n   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : \r\n\r\nTunnel adapter isatap.router:\r\n\r\n   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : router\r\n\r\nTunnel adapter isatap.{07620AA4-09C8-49DE-95CD-7280A381F533}:\r\n\r\n   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : \r\n\r\nTunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface:\r\n\r\n   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : \r\n   IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:338c:24f4:2c13:6728:e4d5:9d9b\r\n   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::2c13:6728:e4d5:9d9b%23\r\n   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ::\r\n'

 [.] Got result 

Windows IP Configuration

Ethernet adapter Ethernet:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : 

Wireless LAN adapter Local Area Connection* 2:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : 

Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::edb6:d8a0:9517:fadc%2

   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.44.1

   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 

Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c8a4:f848:81a4:ba9a%13

   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.30.1

   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 

Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : router

   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::2062:f3d:b7ef:baea%10

   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.4

   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1

Tunnel adapter isatap.{77BACB60-6B87-4077-A7A9-CCEE10FB8D2A}:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : 

Tunnel adapter isatap.router:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : router

Tunnel adapter isatap.{07620AA4-09C8-49DE-95CD-7280A381F533}:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : 

Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

   IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:338c:24f4:2c13:6728:e4d5:9d9b

   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::2c13:6728:e4d5:9d9b%23

   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ::