《JAVASCRIPT高级程序设计》第五章(1)

  引用类型是一种将数据和功能组合到一起的数据结构,它与类相似,但是是不同的概念:ECMAScript虽然是一门面向对象的语言,但它不具备传统的面向对象语言所支持的类和结构等基本结构。引用类型也被称为“对象定义”。

一、Object类型

创建实例方式:

1使用new操作符+构造函数

 var person = new Object();
 person.name = "Lillian";
 person.age = 29;

2使用对象字面量表示法

2.1属性不加引号

 var person = {
     person: "Lillian",
     age:29
 };

2.2属性加引号

 var person = {
     "person": "Lillian",
     "age":29,
     5:true  //数值属性会自动转化成字符串
 };

2.3使用空花括号

 var person = {};
 person.name = "Lillian";
 person.age = 29;

访问属性的方式:

使用点或方括号:

 alert(person.name);
 alert(person[age]);

二、Array类型

创建方式:

1使用Array构造函数

 var colors = new Array();
 var colors = new Array(20);  //length = 20
 var colors = new Array("red","blue","yellow");  //length = 3

2使用数组字面量

 var colors = ["red", "blue", "yellow"];
 var names = [];
 var values = [1,2,];//不要这样,会创建一个包含2项或3项的数组
 var options = [,,,,,];//不要这样,会创建一个包含5项或6项的数组

除了Object类型,Array类型恐怕是JavaScript最常见的类型了,它的方法很多,这里先通过导图一览,再依次举例。

《JAVASCRIPT高级程序设计》第五章(1)

修改Array数组的内容:

 var colors = ["red", "blue", "yellow"];
 colors[0] = "green";  //修改第一项
 colors[colors.length] = "black";//增加一项,值为"black"

 colors.length = 5;
 alert(colors[4]);//长度增加了1,但是未赋值,这一项为undefined

 colors.length = 1;
 alert(colors[1]);//undefined, 通过设置长度为1,移除了除第一项外的所有项

检测某个对象是不是数组:

 if (value instanceof Array) {};//不适用于包含多个框架的网易
 if( Array.isArray(value)){}; //对浏览器版本要求比较高

转换方法:

 var colors = ["red", "blue", "yellow"];
 colors.toString();  //"red", "blue", "yellow"
 colors.toLocaleString(); //"red", "blue", "yellow"
 colors.valueOf();//["red", "blue", "yellow"]
 alert(colors);//"red", "blue", "yellow"
 alert(colors.join(","));//"red", "blue", "yellow"
 alert(colors.join("||"));//"1||2||3"

栈方法:LIFO

 var colors = ["red", "blue", "yellow"];
 colors.push("black");
 colors.pop();//“black"

队列方法:LILO

 var colors = ["red", "blue", "yellow"];
 colors.push("black");
 colors.shift();//“red"

重排序方法:

     var values = [1,0,15,14,2];
     values.reverse();  //[2, 14, 15, 0, 1]
     values.sort();//[0, 1, 14, 15, 2]

     function compare(value1, value2){
         if(value1 < value2){
             return -1;
         }else if(value1 > value2){
             return 1;
         }else{
             return 0;
         }
     }

     values.sort(compare);// 0,1,2,14,15

操作方法:

     //concat()将接收到的参数添加在末尾
     var colors = ["red","green","blue"];
     var colors2 = colors.concat("yellow",["black", "brown"]);
     //colors2:"red","green","blue","yellow",black", "brown"

     //slice()在当前数组中截取部分
     var colors = ["red","green","blue","yellow"];
     var colors2 = colors.slice(1);//["green","blue","yellow"]
     var colors3 = colors.slice(1,3);//["green","blue"]

     //splice()删除和插入
     var colors = ["red","green","blue","yellow"];
     var removed = colors.splice(0,2); //从第一项开始,删除两项

     var colors = ["red","green","blue","yellow"];
     var removed = colors.splice(1,0,"black"); //在第二项后,插入一项

     var colors = ["red","green","blue","yellow"];
     var removed = colors.splice(1,1,"black"); //在第二项后,删除一项后,再插入一项

位置方法:

     var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
     alert(numbers.indexOf(4));
     alert(numbers.indexOf(4,4));
     alert(numbers.lastIndexOf(4)); 

迭代方法:

 /*
 迭代方法:函数(数组项的值,该项在数组中的位置,数组对象本身)
 */ 

 //every():如果每一项都返回true,则函数返回true
 var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
 var result = numbers.every(function(item, index, array){
     return (item > 2);
 });
 alert(result); //false

 // some():如果有一项返回true,则函数返回true
 var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
 var result = numbers.some(function(item, index, array){
     return (item > 2);
 });
 alert(result); //true

 //filter():过滤出满足条件的值
 var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
 var result = numbers.filter(function(item, index, array){
     return (item > 2);
 });
 alert(result); //[3,4,5,4,3]

 //map():返回函数调用的结果并组成数组
 var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
 var result = numbers.map(function(item, index, array){
     return (item * 2);
 });
 alert(result); //[2,3,6,8,10,8,6,4,2];

 //forEach():没有返回值
 var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
 numbers.forEach(function(item, index, array){
     alert(item);
 }); 

缩小方法:

 /*
     迭代函数:(前一个值,当前值,项的索引,数组对象)
     迭代所有项,返回一个最终结果
     reduceRight是从数组的最后一项向前遍历
 */
 var values = [1,2,3,4,5];
 var sum = values.reduce(function(prev, cur, index, array){
 //var sum = values.reduceRight(function(prev, cur, index, array){
     return prev + cur;
 });
 alert(sum); 
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