50.第十一章 进程和计划任务(二)

2.进程管理和性能相关工具

Linux系统状态的查看及管理工具:pstree, ps, pidof, pgrep, top, htop, glance, pmap, vmstat, dstat,kill, pkill, job, bg, fg, nohup

2.1 进程树 pstree

pstree 可以用来显示进程的父子关系,以树形结构显示

格式:

pstree [OPTION] [ PID | USER ]

常用选项:

-p 显示PID
-T 不显示线程thread,默认显示线程
-u 显示用户切换
-H pid 高亮指定进程及其前辈进程

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree
systemd─┬─NetworkManager───2*[{NetworkManager}]
        ├─VGAuthService
        ├─agetty
        ├─anacron
        ├─auditd───{auditd}
        ├─crond
        ├─dbus-daemon
        ├─polkitd───5*[{polkitd}]
        ├─rsyslogd───2*[{rsyslogd}]
        ├─sshd─┬─sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
        │      └─sshd───sshd───bash───vim
        ├─sssd─┬─sssd_be
        │      └─sssd_nss
        ├─systemd───(sd-pam)
        ├─systemd-journal
        ├─systemd-logind
        ├─systemd-udevd
        ├─tuned───3*[{tuned}]
        └─vmtoolsd───2*[{vmtoolsd}]
[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -p
systemd(1)─┬─NetworkManager(728)─┬─{NetworkManager}(756)
           │                     └─{NetworkManager}(759)
           ├─VGAuthService(718)
           ├─agetty(855)
           ├─anacron(10005)
           ├─auditd(685)───{auditd}(686)
           ├─crond(843)
           ├─dbus-daemon(726)
           ├─polkitd(723)─┬─{polkitd}(751)
           │              ├─{polkitd}(768)
           │              ├─{polkitd}(776)
           │              ├─{polkitd}(777)
           │              └─{polkitd}(823)
           ├─rsyslogd(837)─┬─{rsyslogd}(850)
           │               └─{rsyslogd}(852)
           ├─sshd(765)─┬─sshd(9473)───sshd(9475)───bash(9476)───pstree(10012)
           │           └─sshd(9509)───sshd(9511)───bash(9512)───vim(9994)
           ├─sssd(721)─┬─sssd_be(773)
           │           └─sssd_nss(809)
           ├─systemd(1302)───(sd-pam)(1305)
           ├─systemd-journal(601)
           ├─systemd-logind(838)
           ├─systemd-udevd(635)
           ├─tuned(767)─┬─{tuned}(1143)
           │            ├─{tuned}(1158)
           │            └─{tuned}(1163)
           └─vmtoolsd(719)─┬─{vmtoolsd}(757)
                           └─{vmtoolsd}(778)
[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree 9512
bash───vim
[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -p 9512
bash(9512)───vim(9994)

[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -pH 9512
systemd(1)─┬─NetworkManager(728)─┬─{NetworkManager}(756)
           │                     └─{NetworkManager}(759)
           ├─VGAuthService(718)
           ├─agetty(855)
           ├─anacron(10005)
           ├─auditd(685)───{auditd}(686)
           ├─crond(843)
           ├─dbus-daemon(726)
           ├─polkitd(723)─┬─{polkitd}(751)
           │              ├─{polkitd}(768)
           │              ├─{polkitd}(776)
           │              ├─{polkitd}(777)
           │              └─{polkitd}(823)
           ├─rsyslogd(837)─┬─{rsyslogd}(850)
           │               └─{rsyslogd}(852)
           ├─sshd(765)─┬─sshd(9473)───sshd(9475)───bash(9476)───pstree(10015)
           │           └─sshd(9509)───sshd(9511)───bash(9512)───vim(9994)
           ├─sssd(721)─┬─sssd_be(773)
           │           └─sssd_nss(809)
           ├─systemd(1302)───(sd-pam)(1305)
           ├─systemd-journal(601)
           ├─systemd-logind(838)
           ├─systemd-udevd(635)
           ├─tuned(767)─┬─{tuned}(1143)
           │            ├─{tuned}(1158)
           │            └─{tuned}(1163)
           └─vmtoolsd(719)─┬─{vmtoolsd}(757)
                           └─{vmtoolsd}(778)
#H  高亮显示

[root@rocky8 ~]# echo $BASHPID
9476
[root@rocky8 ~]# su - raymond
Last login: Sun Oct 31 14:12:13 CST 2021 on pts/1
[raymond@rocky8 ~]$ 

#新开终端
[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -pu 9476
bash(9476)───su(10058)───bash(10059,raymond)
#u  显示用户身份切换过程

[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -p |grep bash
           |-sshd(765)-+-sshd(9473)---sshd(9475)---bash(9476)---su(10058)---bash(10059)
           |           `-sshd(9509)---sshd(9511)---bash(9512)-+-grep(10088)

范例:

[raymond@rocky8 ~]$ ping 172.31.0.7
PING 172.31.0.7 (172.31.0.7) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.31.0.7: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.867 ms
64 bytes from 172.31.0.7: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.509 ms

[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree 1
systemd─┬─NetworkManager───2*[{NetworkManager}]
        ├─VGAuthService
        ├─agetty
        ├─anacron
        ├─auditd───{auditd}
        ├─crond
        ├─dbus-daemon
        ├─polkitd───5*[{polkitd}]
        ├─rsyslogd───2*[{rsyslogd}]
        ├─sshd─┬─sshd───sshd───bash───su───bash───ping
        │      └─sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
        ├─sssd─┬─sssd_be
        │      └─sssd_nss
        ├─systemd───(sd-pam)
        ├─systemd-journal
        ├─systemd-logind
        ├─systemd-udevd
        ├─tuned───3*[{tuned}]
        └─vmtoolsd───2*[{vmtoolsd}]

[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree raymond
bash───ping

[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -T
systemd─┬─NetworkManager
        ├─VGAuthService
        ├─agetty
        ├─anacron
        ├─auditd
        ├─crond
        ├─dbus-daemon
        ├─polkitd
        ├─rsyslogd
        ├─sshd─┬─sshd───sshd───bash───su───bash───ping
        │      └─sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
        ├─sssd─┬─sssd_be
        │      └─sssd_nss
        ├─systemd───(sd-pam)
        ├─systemd-journal
        ├─systemd-logind
        ├─systemd-udevd
        ├─tuned
        └─vmtoolsd

[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -pT
systemd(1)─┬─NetworkManager(728)
           ├─VGAuthService(718)
           ├─agetty(855)
           ├─anacron(10005)
           ├─auditd(685)
           ├─crond(843)
           ├─dbus-daemon(726)
           ├─polkitd(723)
           ├─rsyslogd(837)
           ├─sshd(765)─┬─sshd(9473)───sshd(9475)───bash(9476)───su(10092)───bash(10093)───ping(10123)
           │           └─sshd(9509)───sshd(9511)───bash(9512)───pstree(10127)
           ├─sssd(721)─┬─sssd_be(773)
           │           └─sssd_nss(809)
           ├─systemd(1302)───(sd-pam)(1305)
           ├─systemd-journal(601)
           ├─systemd-logind(838)
           ├─systemd-udevd(635)
           ├─tuned(767)
           └─vmtoolsd(719)

2.2 进程信息 ps

ps 即process state,可以进程当前状态的快照,默认显示当前终端中的进程,Linux系统各进程的相关信息均保存在/proc/PID目录下的各文件中

ps格式

ps [OPTION]...

支持三种选项:

  • UNIX选项 如: -A -e
  • GNU选项 如: --help
  • BSD选项 如: a

常用选项:

a 选项包括所有终端中的进程
x 选项包括不链接终端的进程
u 选项显示进程所有者的信息
f 选项显示进程树,相当于 --forest
k|--sort 属性 对属性排序,属性前加 - 表示倒序
o 属性… 选项显示定制的信息 pid、cmd、%cpu、%mem
L 显示支持的属性列表
-C cmdlist 指定命令,多个命令用,分隔
-L 显示线程
-e 显示所有进程,相当于-A
-f 显示完整格式程序信息
-F 显示更完整格式的进程信息
-H 以进程层级格式显示进程相关信息
-u userlist 指定有效的用户ID或名称
-U userlist 指定真正的用户ID或名称
-g gid或groupname 指定有效的gid或组名称
-G gid或groupname 指定真正的gid或组名称
-p pid 显示指pid的进程
--ppid pid 显示属于pid的子进程
-t ttylist 指定tty,相当于 t
-M 显示SELinux信息,相当于Z

ps 输出属性

C : ps -ef 显示列 C 表示cpu利用率
VSZ: Virtual memory SiZe,虚拟内存集,线性内存
RSS: ReSident Size, 常驻内存集
STAT:进程状态
    R:running
    S: interruptable sleeping
    D: uninterruptable sleeping
    T: stopped
    Z: zombie
    +: 前台进程
    l: 多线程进程
    L:内存分页并带锁
    N:低优先级进程
    <: 高优先级进程
    s: session leader,会话(子进程)发起者
    I:Idle kernel thread,新内核新特性
ni: nice值
pri: priority 优先级
rtprio: 实时优先级
psr: processor CPU编号

示例:

ps axo pid,cmd,psr,ni,pri,rtprio

常用组合:

aux
-ef
-eFH
-eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,comm
 axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# man ps
PS(1)                                                          User Commands                                                          PS(1)

NAME
       ps - report a snapshot of the current processes.

SYNOPSIS
       ps [options]

DESCRIPTION
       ps displays information about a selection of the active processes.  If you want a repetitive update of the selection and the
       displayed information, use top(1) instead.

       This version of ps accepts several kinds of options:

       1   UNIX options, which may be grouped and must be preceded by a dash.
       2   BSD options, which may be grouped and must not be used with a dash.
       3   GNU long options, which are preceded by two dashes.
...

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps
    PID TTY          TIME CMD
   9512 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
  10147 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
#ps  默认显示当前窗口执行的进程

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps aux |grep pts/0
root        9511  0.0  0.8 153404  6900 ?        S    13:50   0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root        9512  0.0  0.5  26244  4016 pts/0    Ss   13:50   0:00 -bash
root       10148  0.0  0.4  58728  3928 pts/0    R+   14:26   0:00 ps aux
root       10149  0.0  0.1  12136  1092 pts/0    S+   14:26   0:00 grep --color=auto pts/0

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps a
    PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
    855 tty1     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
   9476 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
   9512 pts/0    Ss     0:00 -bash
  10092 pts/1    S      0:00 su - raymond
  10093 pts/1    S      0:00 -bash
  10123 pts/1    S+     0:00 ping 172.31.0.7
  10150 pts/0    R+     0:00 ps a
#a  表示所有终端上相关进行运行的信息

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -a
    PID TTY          TIME CMD
  10092 pts/1    00:00:00 su
  10093 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
  10123 pts/1    00:00:00 ping
  10151 pts/0    00:00:00 ps

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps ax
    PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
      1 ?        Ss     0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
      2 ?        S      0:00 [kthreadd]
      3 ?        I<     0:00 [rcu_gp]
      4 ?        I<     0:00 [rcu_par_gp]
      6 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
      9 ?        I<     0:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
     10 ?        S      0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
     11 ?        R      0:00 [rcu_sched]
     12 ?        S      0:00 [migration/0]
     13 ?        S      0:00 [watchdog/0]
     14 ?        S      0:00 [cpuhp/0]
     16 ?        S      0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
     17 ?        I<     0:00 [netns]
     18 ?        S      0:00 [kauditd]
     19 ?        S      0:00 [khungtaskd]
     20 ?        S      0:00 [oom_reaper]
     21 ?        I<     0:00 [writeback]
     22 ?        S      0:00 [kcompactd0]
     23 ?        SN     0:00 [ksmd]
     24 ?        SN     0:00 [khugepaged]
     25 ?        I<     0:00 [crypto]
     26 ?        I<     0:00 [kintegrityd]
     27 ?        I<     0:00 [kblockd]
     28 ?        I<     0:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
     29 ?        I<     0:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
     30 ?        I<     0:00 [md]
     31 ?        I<     0:00 [edac-poller]
     32 ?        S      0:00 [watchdogd]
     33 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]
     35 ?        R      0:00 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbound]
     61 ?        S      0:00 [kswapd0]
    154 ?        I<     0:00 [kthrotld]
    155 ?        S      0:00 [irq/24-pciehp]
    156 ?        S      0:00 [irq/25-pciehp]
    157 ?        S      0:00 [irq/26-pciehp]
    158 ?        S      0:00 [irq/27-pciehp]
    159 ?        S      0:00 [irq/28-pciehp]
    160 ?        S      0:00 [irq/29-pciehp]
    161 ?        S      0:00 [irq/30-pciehp]
    162 ?        S      0:00 [irq/31-pciehp]
    163 ?        S      0:00 [irq/32-pciehp]
    164 ?        S      0:00 [irq/33-pciehp]
    165 ?        S      0:00 [irq/34-pciehp]
    166 ?        S      0:00 [irq/35-pciehp]
    167 ?        S      0:00 [irq/36-pciehp]
    168 ?        S      0:00 [irq/37-pciehp]
    169 ?        S      0:00 [irq/38-pciehp]
    170 ?        S      0:00 [irq/39-pciehp]
    171 ?        S      0:00 [irq/40-pciehp]
    172 ?        S      0:00 [irq/41-pciehp]
    173 ?        S      0:00 [irq/42-pciehp]
    174 ?        S      0:00 [irq/43-pciehp]
    175 ?        S      0:00 [irq/44-pciehp]
    176 ?        S      0:00 [irq/45-pciehp]
    177 ?        S      0:00 [irq/46-pciehp]
    178 ?        S      0:00 [irq/47-pciehp]
    179 ?        S      0:00 [irq/48-pciehp]
    180 ?        S      0:00 [irq/49-pciehp]
    181 ?        S      0:00 [irq/50-pciehp]
    182 ?        S      0:00 [irq/51-pciehp]
    183 ?        S      0:00 [irq/52-pciehp]
    184 ?        S      0:00 [irq/53-pciehp]
    185 ?        S      0:00 [irq/54-pciehp]
    186 ?        S      0:00 [irq/55-pciehp]
    187 ?        I<     0:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
    188 ?        I<     0:00 [kmpath_rdacd]
    189 ?        I<     0:00 [kaluad]
    190 ?        I<     0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
    191 ?        I<     0:00 [kstrp]
    448 ?        I<     0:00 [mpt_poll_0]
    449 ?        I<     0:00 [ata_sff]
    450 ?        I<     0:00 [mpt/0]
    451 ?        S      0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
    452 ?        I<     0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
    453 ?        S      0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
    454 ?        I<     0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
    459 ?        S      0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
    460 ?        I<     0:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
    468 ?        S      0:00 [irq/16-vmwgfx]
    470 ?        I<     0:00 [ttm_swap]
    471 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc0]
    472 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc1]
    473 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc2]
    474 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc3]
    475 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc4]
    476 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc5]
    477 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc6]
    478 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc7]
    503 ?        I<     0:00 [xfsalloc]
    504 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
    505 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-buf/sda2]
    506 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-conv/sda2]
    507 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-cil/sda2]
    508 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    509 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    510 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-log/sda2]
    511 ?        S      0:00 [xfsaild/sda2]
    601 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
    635 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
    639 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-buf/sda3]
    640 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-conv/sda3]
    641 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-buf/sda1]
    642 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-cil/sda3]
    643 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-conv/sda1]
    644 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    645 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-cil/sda1]
    646 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    647 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    648 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-log/sda3]
    649 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    650 ?        S      0:00 [xfsaild/sda3]
    651 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-log/sda1]
    652 ?        S      0:00 [xfsaild/sda1]
    685 ?        S<sl   0:00 /sbin/auditd
    718 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
    719 ?        Ssl    0:06 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
    721 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
    723 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
    726 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only
    728 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
    765 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes256-cbc,aes128-gcm@
    767 ?        Ssl    0:01 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
    773 ?        S      0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
    779 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
    783 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
    809 ?        S      0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
    837 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
    838 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
    843 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
    855 tty1     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
   1302 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
   1305 ?        S      0:00 (sd-pam)
   9473 ?        Ss     0:00 sshd: root [priv]
   9475 ?        S      0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
   9476 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
   9509 ?        Ss     0:00 sshd: root [priv]
   9511 ?        S      0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
   9512 pts/0    Ss     0:00 -bash
   9556 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
   9993 ?        I      0:03 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]
  10005 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
  10092 pts/1    S      0:00 su - raymond
  10093 pts/1    S      0:00 -bash
  10123 pts/1    S+     0:00 ping 172.31.0.7
  10128 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/0:1-xfs-buf/sda2]
  10152 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/0:0-events]
  10153 pts/0    R+     0:00 ps ax
#x  显示所有和终端无关的进程

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps x|wc -l
145
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps ax|wc -l
149
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps aux|wc -l
149

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axu
USER         PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root           1  0.0  1.4 183604 11400 ?        Ss   13:03   0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
root           2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kthreadd]
root           3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [rcu_gp]
root           4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root           6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
root           9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root          10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root          11  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    13:03   0:00 [rcu_sched]
root          12  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [migration/0]
root          13  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [watchdog/0]
root          14  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [cpuhp/0]
root          16  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root          17  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [netns]
root          18  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kauditd]
root          19  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [khungtaskd]
root          20  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [oom_reaper]
root          21  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [writeback]
root          22  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kcompactd0]
root          23  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        SN   13:03   0:00 [ksmd]
root          24  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        SN   13:03   0:00 [khugepaged]
root          25  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [crypto]
root          26  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kintegrityd]
root          27  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kblockd]
root          28  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
root          29  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
root          30  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [md]
root          31  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [edac-poller]
root          32  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [watchdogd]
root          33  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]
root          35  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        R    13:03   0:00 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbound]
root          61  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kswapd0]
root         154  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kthrotld]
root         155  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/24-pciehp]
root         156  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/25-pciehp]
root         157  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/26-pciehp]
root         158  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/27-pciehp]
root         159  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/28-pciehp]
root         160  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/29-pciehp]
root         161  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/30-pciehp]
root         162  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/31-pciehp]
root         163  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/32-pciehp]
root         164  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/33-pciehp]
root         165  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/34-pciehp]
root         166  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/35-pciehp]
root         167  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/36-pciehp]
root         168  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/37-pciehp]
root         169  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/38-pciehp]
root         170  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/39-pciehp]
root         171  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/40-pciehp]
root         172  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/41-pciehp]
root         173  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/42-pciehp]
root         174  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/43-pciehp]
root         175  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/44-pciehp]
root         176  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/45-pciehp]
root         177  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/46-pciehp]
root         178  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/47-pciehp]
root         179  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/48-pciehp]
root         180  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/49-pciehp]
root         181  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/50-pciehp]
root         182  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/51-pciehp]
root         183  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/52-pciehp]
root         184  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/53-pciehp]
root         185  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/54-pciehp]
root         186  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/55-pciehp]
root         187  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
root         188  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kmpath_rdacd]
root         189  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kaluad]
root         190  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
root         191  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kstrp]
root         448  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [mpt_poll_0]
root         449  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [ata_sff]
root         450  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [mpt/0]
root         451  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root         452  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
root         453  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root         454  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
root         459  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root         460  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
root         468  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/16-vmwgfx]
root         470  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [ttm_swap]
root         471  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc0]
root         472  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc1]
root         473  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc2]
root         474  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc3]
root         475  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc4]
root         476  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc5]
root         477  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc6]
root         478  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc7]
root         503  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfsalloc]
root         504  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
root         505  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-buf/sda2]
root         506  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-conv/sda2]
root         507  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-cil/sda2]
root         508  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         509  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         510  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-log/sda2]
root         511  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [xfsaild/sda2]
root         601  0.0  1.1  97744  9268 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root         635  0.0  1.2 124580 10004 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root         639  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-buf/sda3]
root         640  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-conv/sda3]
root         641  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-buf/sda1]
root         642  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-cil/sda3]
root         643  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-conv/sda1]
root         644  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         645  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-cil/sda1]
root         646  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         647  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         648  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-log/sda3]
root         649  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         650  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [xfsaild/sda3]
root         651  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-log/sda1]
root         652  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [xfsaild/sda1]
root         685  0.0  0.3  67960  2656 ?        S<sl 13:03   0:00 /sbin/auditd
root         718  0.0  1.4  86200 11416 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
root         719  0.1  1.2 278328 10044 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:06 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
root         721  0.0  1.7 216924 14320 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
polkitd      723  0.0  3.0 1630348 24108 ?       Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
dbus         726  0.0  0.6  76628  5504 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --syst
root         728  0.0  2.2 391536 18224 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
root         765  0.0  1.0  94444  8036 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh
root         767  0.0  3.7 414624 30244 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:01 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root         773  0.0  1.8 225680 15080 ?        S    13:03   0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=f
root         779  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
root         783  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
root         809  0.0  5.1 226992 40888 ?        S    13:03   0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root         837  0.0  0.6 215336  5328 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root         838  0.0  1.0 103976  8328 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root         843  0.0  0.4  36956  3604 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
root         855  0.0  0.2  13656  1724 tty1     Ss+  13:03   0:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
root        1302  0.0  1.2 100692  9904 ?        Ss   13:04   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
root        1305  0.0  0.3 238892  2588 ?        S    13:04   0:00 (sd-pam)
root        9473  0.0  1.1 139184  9436 ?        Ss   13:47   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root        9475  0.0  0.8 153404  6828 ?        S    13:47   0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root        9476  0.0  0.4  26244  3832 pts/1    Ss   13:47   0:00 -bash
root        9509  0.0  1.0 139184  8756 ?        Ss   13:50   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root        9511  0.0  0.8 153404  6900 ?        S    13:50   0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root        9512  0.0  0.5  26244  4016 pts/0    Ss   13:50   0:00 -bash
root        9556  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:00   0:00 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
root        9993  0.1  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:00   0:03 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]
root       10005  0.0  0.2  22764  2036 ?        Ss   14:01   0:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
root       10092  0.0  0.7 127212  6112 pts/1    S    14:16   0:00 su - raymond
raymond    10093  0.0  0.4  24120  3912 pts/1    S    14:16   0:00 -bash
raymond    10123  0.0  0.3  32448  2448 pts/1    S+   14:16   0:00 ping 172.31.0.7
root       10128  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:21   0:00 [kworker/0:1-xfs-buf/sda2]
root       10152  0.1  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:27   0:00 [kworker/0:0-events]
root       10160  0.0  0.4  58728  3984 pts/0    R+   14:28   0:00 ps axu
#u  显示更加详细的进程信息
# USER  用户信息       PID 进程ID  %CPU CPU使用率 %MEM 内存使用率    VSZ  虚拟内存使用率(操作系统承诺分配内存大小)  RSS  实际物理内存使用率(实际使用物理内存大小)   TTY  终端     STAT 状态   START  什么时候启动的   TIME  累计占用系统的时间	   COMMAND  执行的命令

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -ef |wc -l
149

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 13:03 ?        00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
root           2       0  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root           3       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_gp]
root           4       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root           6       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
root           9       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root          10       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root          11       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_sched]
root          12       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
root          13       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root          14       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [cpuhp/0]
root          16       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root          17       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [netns]
root          18       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kauditd]
root          19       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [khungtaskd]
root          20       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [oom_reaper]
root          21       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [writeback]
root          22       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kcompactd0]
root          23       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ksmd]
root          24       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [khugepaged]
root          25       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [crypto]
root          26       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kintegrityd]
root          27       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kblockd]
root          28       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
root          29       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
root          30       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [md]
root          31       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [edac-poller]
root          32       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [watchdogd]
root          33       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]
root          35       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbound]
root          61       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kswapd0]
root         154       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kthrotld]
root         155       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/24-pciehp]
root         156       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/25-pciehp]
root         157       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/26-pciehp]
root         158       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/27-pciehp]
root         159       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/28-pciehp]
root         160       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/29-pciehp]
root         161       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/30-pciehp]
root         162       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/31-pciehp]
root         163       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/32-pciehp]
root         164       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/33-pciehp]
root         165       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/34-pciehp]
root         166       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/35-pciehp]
root         167       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/36-pciehp]
root         168       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/37-pciehp]
root         169       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/38-pciehp]
root         170       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/39-pciehp]
root         171       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/40-pciehp]
root         172       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/41-pciehp]
root         173       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/42-pciehp]
root         174       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/43-pciehp]
root         175       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/44-pciehp]
root         176       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/45-pciehp]
root         177       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/46-pciehp]
root         178       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/47-pciehp]
root         179       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/48-pciehp]
root         180       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/49-pciehp]
root         181       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/50-pciehp]
root         182       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/51-pciehp]
root         183       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/52-pciehp]
root         184       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/53-pciehp]
root         185       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/54-pciehp]
root         186       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/55-pciehp]
root         187       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
root         188       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kmpath_rdacd]
root         189       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kaluad]
root         190       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
root         191       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kstrp]
root         448       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [mpt_poll_0]
root         449       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ata_sff]
root         450       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [mpt/0]
root         451       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root         452       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
root         453       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root         454       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
root         459       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root         460       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
root         468       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/16-vmwgfx]
root         470       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ttm_swap]
root         471       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc0]
root         472       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc1]
root         473       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc2]
root         474       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc3]
root         475       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc4]
root         476       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc5]
root         477       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc6]
root         478       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc7]
root         503       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsalloc]
root         504       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
root         505       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-buf/sda2]
root         506       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-conv/sda2]
root         507       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-cil/sda2]
root         508       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         509       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         510       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-log/sda2]
root         511       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsaild/sda2]
root         601       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root         635       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root         639       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-buf/sda3]
root         640       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-conv/sda3]
root         641       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-buf/sda1]
root         642       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-cil/sda3]
root         643       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-conv/sda1]
root         644       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         645       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-cil/sda1]
root         646       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         647       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         648       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-log/sda3]
root         649       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         650       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsaild/sda3]
root         651       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-log/sda1]
root         652       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsaild/sda1]
root         685       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/auditd
root         718       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
root         719       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:06 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
root         721       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
polkitd      723       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
dbus         726       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation 
root         728       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
root         765       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr
root         767       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:01 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root         773     721  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root         779       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
root         783       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
root         809     721  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root         837       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root         838       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root         843       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
root         855       1  0 13:03 tty1     00:00:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
root        1302       1  0 13:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
root        1305    1302  0 13:04 ?        00:00:00 (sd-pam)
root        9473     765  0 13:47 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root        9475    9473  0 13:47 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root        9476    9475  0 13:47 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
root        9509     765  0 13:50 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root        9511    9509  0 13:50 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root        9512    9511  0 13:50 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
root        9556       2  0 14:00 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
root        9993       2  0 14:00 ?        00:00:03 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]
root       10005       1  0 14:01 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
root       10092    9476  0 14:16 pts/1    00:00:00 su - raymond
raymond    10093   10092  0 14:16 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
raymond    10123   10093  0 14:16 pts/1    00:00:00 ping 172.31.0.7
root       10128       2  0 14:21 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:1-xfs-buf/sda2]
root       10152       2  0 14:27 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0-mm_percpu_wq]
root       10163    9512  0 14:30 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
# ps -ef  UNIX风格

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps aux |grep dd
root           2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kthreadd]
root         190  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
dbus         726  0.0  0.6  76628  5504 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only
root       10164  100  0.1   7352   948 pts/0    R+   14:31   0:32 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
root       10166  0.0  0.1  12136  1120 pts/1    R+   14:31   0:00 grep --color=auto dd

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem |grep dd
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 99.5  0.1
  10168 grep --color=auto dd         0.0  0.1
#o  指定显示特定的字段

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k %cpu|grep dd
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0
  10170 grep --color=auto dd         0.0  0.1
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul  100  0.1
#k  指定排序方式

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k -%cpu|grep dd
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 99.7  0.1
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0
  10175 grep --color=auto dd         0.0  0.1
#倒序。加-

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k -%mem
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM
    809 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss   0.0  5.1
    767 /usr/libexec/platform-pytho  0.0  3.7
    723 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd -  0.0  3.0
    728 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --  0.0  2.2
    773 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be -  0.0  1.8
    721 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=  0.0  1.7
    718 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s    0.0  1.4
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2
    635 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud  0.0  1.2
   1302 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.2
   9473 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.1
    601 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-jo  0.0  1.1
   9509 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.0
    838 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-lo  0.0  1.0
    765 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers  0.0  1.0
   9511 sshd: root@pts/0             0.0  0.8
   9475 sshd: root@pts/1             0.0  0.8
    726 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --syst  0.0  0.6
    837 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n        0.0  0.6
   9512 -bash                        0.0  0.5
   9476 -bash                        0.0  0.4
  10176 ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k   0.0  0.4
    843 /usr/sbin/crond -n           0.0  0.4
    685 /sbin/auditd                 0.0  0.3
   1305 (sd-pam)                     0.0  0.3
  10005 /usr/sbin/anacron -s         0.0  0.2
    855 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --  0.0  0.2
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 99.3  0.1
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
      9 [mm_percpu_wq]               0.0  0.0
     10 [ksoftirqd/0]                0.0  0.0
     11 [rcu_sched]                  0.0  0.0
     12 [migration/0]                0.0  0.0
     13 [watchdog/0]                 0.0  0.0
     14 [cpuhp/0]                    0.0  0.0
     16 [kdevtmpfs]                  0.0  0.0
     17 [netns]                      0.0  0.0
     18 [kauditd]                    0.0  0.0
     19 [khungtaskd]                 0.0  0.0
     20 [oom_reaper]                 0.0  0.0
     21 [writeback]                  0.0  0.0
     22 [kcompactd0]                 0.0  0.0
     23 [ksmd]                       0.0  0.0
     24 [khugepaged]                 0.0  0.0
     25 [crypto]                     0.0  0.0
     26 [kintegrityd]                0.0  0.0
     27 [kblockd]                    0.0  0.0
     28 [blkcg_punt_bio]             0.0  0.0
     29 [tpm_dev_wq]                 0.0  0.0
     30 [md]                         0.0  0.0
     31 [edac-poller]                0.0  0.0
     32 [watchdogd]                  0.0  0.0
     33 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]       0.0  0.0
     35 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbo  0.0  0.0
     61 [kswapd0]                    0.0  0.0
    154 [kthrotld]                   0.0  0.0
    155 [irq/24-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    156 [irq/25-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    157 [irq/26-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    158 [irq/27-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    159 [irq/28-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    160 [irq/29-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    161 [irq/30-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    162 [irq/31-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    163 [irq/32-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    164 [irq/33-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    165 [irq/34-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    166 [irq/35-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    167 [irq/36-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    168 [irq/37-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    169 [irq/38-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    170 [irq/39-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    171 [irq/40-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    172 [irq/41-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    173 [irq/42-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    174 [irq/43-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    175 [irq/44-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    176 [irq/45-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    177 [irq/46-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    178 [irq/47-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    179 [irq/48-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    180 [irq/49-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    181 [irq/50-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    182 [irq/51-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    183 [irq/52-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    184 [irq/53-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    185 [irq/54-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    186 [irq/55-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    187 [acpi_thermal_pm]            0.0  0.0
    188 [kmpath_rdacd]               0.0  0.0
    189 [kaluad]                     0.0  0.0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0
    191 [kstrp]                      0.0  0.0
    448 [mpt_poll_0]                 0.0  0.0
    449 [ata_sff]                    0.0  0.0
    450 [mpt/0]                      0.0  0.0
    451 [scsi_eh_0]                  0.0  0.0
    452 [scsi_tmf_0]                 0.0  0.0
    453 [scsi_eh_1]                  0.0  0.0
    454 [scsi_tmf_1]                 0.0  0.0
    459 [scsi_eh_2]                  0.0  0.0
    460 [scsi_tmf_2]                 0.0  0.0
    468 [irq/16-vmwgfx]              0.0  0.0
    470 [ttm_swap]                   0.0  0.0
    471 [card0-crtc0]                0.0  0.0
    472 [card0-crtc1]                0.0  0.0
    473 [card0-crtc2]                0.0  0.0
    474 [card0-crtc3]                0.0  0.0
    475 [card0-crtc4]                0.0  0.0
    476 [card0-crtc5]                0.0  0.0
    477 [card0-crtc6]                0.0  0.0
    478 [card0-crtc7]                0.0  0.0
    503 [xfsalloc]                   0.0  0.0
    504 [xfs_mru_cache]              0.0  0.0
    505 [xfs-buf/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    506 [xfs-conv/sda2]              0.0  0.0
    507 [xfs-cil/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    508 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    509 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    510 [xfs-log/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    511 [xfsaild/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    639 [xfs-buf/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    640 [xfs-conv/sda3]              0.0  0.0
    641 [xfs-buf/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    642 [xfs-cil/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    643 [xfs-conv/sda1]              0.0  0.0
    644 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    645 [xfs-cil/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    646 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    647 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    648 [xfs-log/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    649 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    650 [xfsaild/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    651 [xfs-log/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    652 [xfsaild/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    779 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]        0.0  0.0
    783 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]        0.0  0.0
   9556 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbo  0.0  0.0
   9993 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]        0.1  0.0
  10152 [kworker/0:0-ata_sff]        0.1  0.0
  10171 [kworker/0:1-events]         0.0  0.0

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k -%cpu |head
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 99.0  0.1
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2
   9993 [kworker/0:3-events_power_e  0.1  0.0
  10152 [kworker/0:0-ata_sff]        0.1  0.0
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort -%cpu |head
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 99.2  0.1
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2
   9993 [kworker/0:3-events]         0.1  0.0
  10152 [kworker/0:0-ata_sff]        0.1  0.0
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
#k  和—sort  一样都是排序

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem,psr --sort -%cpu |head
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM PSR
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 99.2  0.1   0
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2   0
   9993 [kworker/0:3-events]         0.1  0.0   0
  10152 [kworker/0:0-ata_sff]        0.1  0.0   0
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4   0
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0   0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0   0
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0   0
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0   0
#psr  可以显示运行在哪个CPU

#添加一个cpu内核
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem,psr|grep dd
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0   0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0   0
  10381 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul  111  0.1   0
  10387 grep --color=auto dd         0.0  0.1   0

[root@rocky8 ~]# ping -f 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem,psr|grep dd
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0   0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0   0
  10164 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 93.0  0.1   1 #现在切换到1号CPU
  10213 grep --color=auto dd         0.0  0.1   0

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps auxf |grep bash
root       10189  0.0  0.4  26244  3884 pts/2    Ss   14:35   0:00  |       \_ -bash
root       10531  0.0  0.1  12136  1156 pts/2    S+   14:42   0:00  |           \_ grep --color=auto bash
root       10452  0.0  0.4  26244  3976 pts/1    Ss   14:41   0:00  |       \_ -bash
root       10484  0.0  0.4  26244  3732 pts/0    Ss   14:41   0:00          \_ -bash
#f  可以显示进程父子关系

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k -%cpu|head
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM
  10507 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 96.1  0.1
  10518 ping -f 127.0.0.1           65.7  0.2
  10451 sshd: root@pts/1             3.7  0.8
  10216 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbo  0.3  0.0
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2
   9993 [kworker/0:3-events_power_e  0.1  0.0
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem,psr k -%cpu|head
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM PSR
  10507 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 95.6  0.1   0
  10518 ping -f 127.0.0.1           65.5  0.2   1
  10451 sshd: root@pts/1             3.8  0.8   1
  10216 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbo  0.3  0.0   0
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2   0
   9993 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]        0.1  0.0   0
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4   1
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0   0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0   0

范例:查看进程详细信息

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 13:03 ?        00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
root           2       0  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root           3       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_gp]
root           4       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root           6       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
root           9       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root          10       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root          11       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_sched]
root          12       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
root          13       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root          14       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [cpuhp/0]
root          16       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root          17       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [netns]
root          18       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kauditd]
root          19       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [khungtaskd]
root          20       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [oom_reaper]
root          21       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [writeback]
root          22       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kcompactd0]
root          23       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ksmd]
root          24       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [khugepaged]
root          25       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [crypto]
root          26       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kintegrityd]
root          27       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kblockd]
root          28       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
root          29       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
root          30       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [md]
root          31       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [edac-poller]
root          32       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [watchdogd]
root          33       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]
root          61       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kswapd0]
root         154       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kthrotld]
root         155       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/24-pciehp]
root         156       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/25-pciehp]
root         157       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/26-pciehp]
root         158       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/27-pciehp]
root         159       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/28-pciehp]
root         160       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/29-pciehp]
root         161       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/30-pciehp]
root         162       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/31-pciehp]
root         163       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/32-pciehp]
root         164       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/33-pciehp]
root         165       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/34-pciehp]
root         166       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/35-pciehp]
root         167       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/36-pciehp]
root         168       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/37-pciehp]
root         169       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/38-pciehp]
root         170       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/39-pciehp]
root         171       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/40-pciehp]
root         172       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/41-pciehp]
root         173       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/42-pciehp]
root         174       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/43-pciehp]
root         175       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/44-pciehp]
root         176       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/45-pciehp]
root         177       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/46-pciehp]
root         178       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/47-pciehp]
root         179       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/48-pciehp]
root         180       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/49-pciehp]
root         181       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/50-pciehp]
root         182       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/51-pciehp]
root         183       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/52-pciehp]
root         184       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/53-pciehp]
root         185       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/54-pciehp]
root         186       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/55-pciehp]
root         187       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
root         188       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kmpath_rdacd]
root         189       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kaluad]
root         190       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
root         191       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [kstrp]
root         448       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [mpt_poll_0]
root         449       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ata_sff]
root         450       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [mpt/0]
root         451       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root         452       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
root         453       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root         454       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
root         459       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root         460       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
root         468       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [irq/16-vmwgfx]
root         470       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [ttm_swap]
root         471       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc0]
root         472       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc1]
root         473       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc2]
root         474       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc3]
root         475       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc4]
root         476       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc5]
root         477       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc6]
root         478       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [card0-crtc7]
root         503       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsalloc]
root         504       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
root         505       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-buf/sda2]
root         506       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-conv/sda2]
root         507       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-cil/sda2]
root         508       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         509       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         510       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-log/sda2]
root         511       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsaild/sda2]
root         601       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root         635       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root         639       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-buf/sda3]
root         640       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-conv/sda3]
root         641       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-buf/sda1]
root         642       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-cil/sda3]
root         643       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-conv/sda1]
root         644       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         645       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-cil/sda1]
root         646       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         647       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         648       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-log/sda3]
root         649       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         650       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsaild/sda3]
root         651       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfs-log/sda1]
root         652       2  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 [xfsaild/sda1]
root         685       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/auditd
root         718       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
root         719       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:07 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
root         721       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
polkitd      723       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
dbus         726       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation 
root         728       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
root         765       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr
root         767       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:01 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root         773     721  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root         809     721  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root         837       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root         838       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root         843       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
root         855       1  0 13:03 tty1     00:00:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
root        1302       1  0 13:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
root        1305    1302  0 13:04 ?        00:00:00 (sd-pam)
root        9556       2  0 14:00 ?        00:00:02 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
root        9993       2  0 14:00 ?        00:00:03 [kworker/0:3-events]
root       10005       1  0 14:01 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
root       10152       2  0 14:27 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0-events_freezable_power_]
root       10186     765  0 14:35 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10188   10186  0 14:35 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/2
root       10189   10188  0 14:35 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash
root       10216       2  0 14:36 ?        00:00:01 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbound]
root       10224       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [cpuhp/1]
root       10225       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/1]
root       10226       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [migration/1]
root       10227       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root       10228       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/1:0-mm_percpu_wq]
root       10229       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpri]
root       10239       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]
root       10246       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
root       10247       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
root       10347       2  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy]
root       10449     765  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10451   10449  4 14:41 ?        00:00:19 sshd: root@pts/1
root       10452   10451  0 14:41 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
root       10481     765  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10483   10481  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root       10484   10483  0 14:41 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
root       10507   10484 95 14:41 pts/0    00:05:46 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
root       10518   10452 65 14:41 pts/1    00:03:50 ping -f 127.0.0.1
root       10536       2  0 14:46 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:1-events]
root       10537   10189  0 14:47 pts/2    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps aux
USER         PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root           1  0.0  1.4 183736 11408 ?        Ss   13:03   0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
root           2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kthreadd]
root           3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [rcu_gp]
root           4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root           6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
root           9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root          10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root          11  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    13:03   0:00 [rcu_sched]
root          12  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [migration/0]
root          13  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [watchdog/0]
root          14  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [cpuhp/0]
root          16  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root          17  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [netns]
root          18  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kauditd]
root          19  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [khungtaskd]
root          20  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [oom_reaper]
root          21  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [writeback]
root          22  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kcompactd0]
root          23  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        SN   13:03   0:00 [ksmd]
root          24  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        SN   13:03   0:00 [khugepaged]
root          25  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [crypto]
root          26  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kintegrityd]
root          27  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kblockd]
root          28  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
root          29  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
root          30  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [md]
root          31  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [edac-poller]
root          32  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [watchdogd]
root          33  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]
root          61  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kswapd0]
root         154  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kthrotld]
root         155  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/24-pciehp]
root         156  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/25-pciehp]
root         157  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/26-pciehp]
root         158  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/27-pciehp]
root         159  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/28-pciehp]
root         160  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/29-pciehp]
root         161  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/30-pciehp]
root         162  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/31-pciehp]
root         163  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/32-pciehp]
root         164  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/33-pciehp]
root         165  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/34-pciehp]
root         166  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/35-pciehp]
root         167  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/36-pciehp]
root         168  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/37-pciehp]
root         169  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/38-pciehp]
root         170  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/39-pciehp]
root         171  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/40-pciehp]
root         172  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/41-pciehp]
root         173  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/42-pciehp]
root         174  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/43-pciehp]
root         175  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/44-pciehp]
root         176  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/45-pciehp]
root         177  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/46-pciehp]
root         178  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/47-pciehp]
root         179  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/48-pciehp]
root         180  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/49-pciehp]
root         181  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/50-pciehp]
root         182  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/51-pciehp]
root         183  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/52-pciehp]
root         184  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/53-pciehp]
root         185  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/54-pciehp]
root         186  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/55-pciehp]
root         187  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
root         188  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kmpath_rdacd]
root         189  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kaluad]
root         190  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
root         191  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [kstrp]
root         448  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [mpt_poll_0]
root         449  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [ata_sff]
root         450  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [mpt/0]
root         451  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root         452  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
root         453  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root         454  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
root         459  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root         460  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
root         468  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [irq/16-vmwgfx]
root         470  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [ttm_swap]
root         471  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc0]
root         472  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc1]
root         473  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc2]
root         474  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc3]
root         475  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc4]
root         476  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc5]
root         477  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc6]
root         478  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [card0-crtc7]
root         503  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfsalloc]
root         504  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
root         505  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-buf/sda2]
root         506  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-conv/sda2]
root         507  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-cil/sda2]
root         508  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         509  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         510  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-log/sda2]
root         511  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [xfsaild/sda2]
root         601  0.0  1.1  97728  9320 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root         635  0.0  1.2 124580 10004 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root         639  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-buf/sda3]
root         640  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-conv/sda3]
root         641  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-buf/sda1]
root         642  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-cil/sda3]
root         643  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-conv/sda1]
root         644  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         645  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-cil/sda1]
root         646  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         647  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         648  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-log/sda3]
root         649  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         650  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [xfsaild/sda3]
root         651  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00 [xfs-log/sda1]
root         652  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [xfsaild/sda1]
root         685  0.0  0.3  67960  2656 ?        S<sl 13:03   0:00 /sbin/auditd
root         718  0.0  1.4  86200 11416 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
root         719  0.1  1.2 278328 10044 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:07 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
root         721  0.0  1.7 216924 14320 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
polkitd      723  0.0  3.0 1630348 24108 ?       Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
dbus         726  0.0  0.6  76628  5504 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --syst
root         728  0.0  2.2 391536 18224 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
root         765  0.0  1.0  94444  8036 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh
root         767  0.0  3.7 414624 30244 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:01 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root         773  0.0  1.8 225680 15080 ?        S    13:03   0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=f
root         809  0.0  5.1 226992 40968 ?        S    13:03   0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root         837  0.0  0.6 215336  5328 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root         838  0.0  1.0 103976  8212 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root         843  0.0  0.4  36956  3604 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
root         855  0.0  0.2  13656  1724 tty1     Ss+  13:03   0:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
root        1302  0.0  1.2 100692  9904 ?        Ss   13:04   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
root        1305  0.0  0.3 238892  2588 ?        S    13:04   0:00 (sd-pam)
root        9556  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        R    14:00   0:02 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
root        9993  0.1  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:00   0:03 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]
root       10005  0.0  0.3  36020  2844 ?        Ss   14:01   0:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
root       10152  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:27   0:00 [kworker/0:0-events_freezable_power_]
root       10186  0.0  1.0 139184  8668 ?        Ss   14:35   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10188  0.0  0.8 153404  7084 ?        S    14:35   0:00 sshd: root@pts/2
root       10189  0.0  0.4  26244  3884 pts/2    Ss   14:35   0:00 -bash
root       10216  0.2  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:36   0:01 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbound]
root       10224  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00 [cpuhp/1]
root       10225  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00 [watchdog/1]
root       10226  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00 [migration/1]
root       10227  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root       10228  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:37   0:00 [kworker/1:0-events]
root       10229  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpri]
root       10239  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]
root       10246  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
root       10247  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
root       10347  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:37   0:00 [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy]
root       10449  0.0  1.0 139184  8808 ?        Ss   14:41   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10451  4.9  0.8 153404  7068 ?        S    14:41   0:19 sshd: root@pts/1
root       10452  0.0  0.4  26244  3976 pts/1    Ss   14:41   0:00 -bash
root       10481  0.0  1.0 139184  8740 ?        Ss   14:41   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10483  0.0  0.8 153404  7032 ?        S    14:41   0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root       10484  0.0  0.4  26244  3732 pts/0    Ss   14:41   0:00 -bash
root       10507 95.3  0.1   7352   980 pts/0    R+   14:41   5:50 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
root       10518 65.2  0.2  32448  2252 pts/1    R+   14:41   3:52 ping -f 127.0.0.1
root       10536  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:46   0:00 [kworker/0:1-events]
root       10538  0.0  0.4  58728  4000 pts/2    R+   14:47   0:00 ps aux

范例:

#查看进程的父子关系
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps auxf
USER         PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root           2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00 [kthreadd]
root           3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [rcu_gp]
root           4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [rcu_par_gp]
root           6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
root           9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [mm_percpu_wq]
root          10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [ksoftirqd/0]
root          11  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    13:03   0:00  \_ [rcu_sched]
root          12  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [migration/0]
root          13  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [watchdog/0]
root          14  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [cpuhp/0]
root          16  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [kdevtmpfs]
root          17  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [netns]
root          18  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [kauditd]
root          19  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [khungtaskd]
root          20  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [oom_reaper]
root          21  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [writeback]
root          22  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [kcompactd0]
root          23  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        SN   13:03   0:00  \_ [ksmd]
root          24  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        SN   13:03   0:00  \_ [khugepaged]
root          25  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [crypto]
root          26  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kintegrityd]
root          27  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kblockd]
root          28  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [blkcg_punt_bio]
root          29  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [tpm_dev_wq]
root          30  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [md]
root          31  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [edac-poller]
root          32  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [watchdogd]
root          33  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]
root          61  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [kswapd0]
root         154  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kthrotld]
root         155  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/24-pciehp]
root         156  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/25-pciehp]
root         157  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/26-pciehp]
root         158  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/27-pciehp]
root         159  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/28-pciehp]
root         160  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/29-pciehp]
root         161  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/30-pciehp]
root         162  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/31-pciehp]
root         163  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/32-pciehp]
root         164  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/33-pciehp]
root         165  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/34-pciehp]
root         166  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/35-pciehp]
root         167  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/36-pciehp]
root         168  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/37-pciehp]
root         169  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/38-pciehp]
root         170  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/39-pciehp]
root         171  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/40-pciehp]
root         172  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/41-pciehp]
root         173  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/42-pciehp]
root         174  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/43-pciehp]
root         175  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/44-pciehp]
root         176  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/45-pciehp]
root         177  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/46-pciehp]
root         178  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/47-pciehp]
root         179  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/48-pciehp]
root         180  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/49-pciehp]
root         181  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/50-pciehp]
root         182  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/51-pciehp]
root         183  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/52-pciehp]
root         184  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/53-pciehp]
root         185  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/54-pciehp]
root         186  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/55-pciehp]
root         187  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [acpi_thermal_pm]
root         188  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kmpath_rdacd]
root         189  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kaluad]
root         190  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [ipv6_addrconf]
root         191  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [kstrp]
root         448  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [mpt_poll_0]
root         449  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [ata_sff]
root         450  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [mpt/0]
root         451  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [scsi_eh_0]
root         452  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [scsi_tmf_0]
root         453  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [scsi_eh_1]
root         454  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [scsi_tmf_1]
root         459  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [scsi_eh_2]
root         460  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [scsi_tmf_2]
root         468  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [irq/16-vmwgfx]
root         470  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [ttm_swap]
root         471  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc0]
root         472  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc1]
root         473  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc2]
root         474  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc3]
root         475  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc4]
root         476  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc5]
root         477  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc6]
root         478  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [card0-crtc7]
root         503  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfsalloc]
root         504  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs_mru_cache]
root         505  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-buf/sda2]
root         506  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-conv/sda2]
root         507  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-cil/sda2]
root         508  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         509  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         510  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-log/sda2]
root         511  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [xfsaild/sda2]
root         639  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-buf/sda3]
root         640  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-conv/sda3]
root         641  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-buf/sda1]
root         642  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-cil/sda3]
root         643  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-conv/sda1]
root         644  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         645  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-cil/sda1]
root         646  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         647  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-reclaim/sda]
root         648  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-log/sda3]
root         649  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-eofblocks/s]
root         650  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [xfsaild/sda3]
root         651  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   13:03   0:00  \_ [xfs-log/sda1]
root         652  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ [xfsaild/sda1]
root        9556  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        R    14:00   0:02  \_ [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
root        9993  0.1  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:00   0:03  \_ [kworker/0:3-events]
root       10152  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:27   0:00  \_ [kworker/0:0-events_freezable_power_]
root       10216  0.2  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:36   0:01  \_ [kworker/u256:2-events_unbound]
root       10224  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00  \_ [cpuhp/1]
root       10225  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00  \_ [watchdog/1]
root       10226  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00  \_ [migration/1]
root       10227  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    14:37   0:00  \_ [ksoftirqd/1]
root       10228  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:37   0:00  \_ [kworker/1:0-events]
root       10229  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00  \_ [kworker/1:0H-events_highpri]
root       10239  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00  \_ [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]
root       10246  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00  \_ [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
root       10247  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   14:37   0:00  \_ [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
root       10347  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:37   0:00  \_ [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy]
root       10536  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    14:46   0:00  \_ [kworker/0:1-ata_sff]
root       10539  0.2  0.0      0     0 ?        R    14:47   0:00  \_ [kworker/u256:1-events_unbound]
root           1  0.0  1.4 183736 11408 ?        Ss   13:03   0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
root         601  0.0  1.1  97728  9320 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root         635  0.0  1.2 124580 10004 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root         685  0.0  0.3  67960  2656 ?        S<sl 13:03   0:00 /sbin/auditd
root         718  0.0  1.4  86200 11416 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
root         719  0.1  1.2 278328 10044 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:07 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
root         721  0.0  1.7 216924 14320 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
root         773  0.0  1.8 225680 15080 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logg
root         809  0.0  5.1 226992 40968 ?        S    13:03   0:00  \_ /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
polkitd      723  0.0  3.0 1630348 24108 ?       Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
dbus         726  0.0  0.6  76628  5504 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --syst
root         728  0.0  2.2 391536 18224 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
root         765  0.0  1.0  94444  8036 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh
root       10186  0.0  1.0 139184  8668 ?        Ss   14:35   0:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10188  0.0  0.8 153404  7084 ?        S    14:35   0:00  |   \_ sshd: root@pts/2
root       10189  0.0  0.4  26244  3884 pts/2    Ss   14:35   0:00  |       \_ -bash
root       10540  0.0  0.4  58892  3952 pts/2    R+   14:48   0:00  |           \_ ps auxf
root       10449  0.0  1.0 139184  8808 ?        Ss   14:41   0:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10451  5.0  0.8 153404  7068 ?        R    14:41   0:22  |   \_ sshd: root@pts/1
root       10452  0.0  0.4  26244  3976 pts/1    Ss   14:41   0:00  |       \_ -bash
root       10518 65.3  0.2  32448  2252 pts/1    R+   14:41   4:27  |           \_ ping -f 127.0.0.1
root       10481  0.0  1.0 139184  8740 ?        Ss   14:41   0:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10483  0.0  0.8 153404  7032 ?        S    14:41   0:00      \_ sshd: root@pts/0
root       10484  0.0  0.4  26244  3732 pts/0    Ss   14:41   0:00          \_ -bash
root       10507 95.3  0.1   7352   980 pts/0    R+   14:41   6:40              \_ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
root         767  0.0  3.7 414624 30244 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:01 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root         837  0.0  0.6 215336  5328 ?        Ssl  13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root         838  0.0  1.0 103976  8212 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root         843  0.0  0.4  36956  3604 ?        Ss   13:03   0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
root         855  0.0  0.2  13656  1724 tty1     Ss+  13:03   0:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
root        1302  0.0  1.2 100692  9904 ?        Ss   13:04   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
root        1305  0.0  0.3 238892  2588 ?        S    13:04   0:00  \_ (sd-pam)
root       10005  0.0  0.3  36020  2844 ?        Ss   14:01   0:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s

#查看进程的特定属性
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%mem,%cpu
    PID CMD                         %MEM %CPU
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  1.4  0.0
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
      9 [mm_percpu_wq]               0.0  0.0
     10 [ksoftirqd/0]                0.0  0.0
     11 [rcu_sched]                  0.0  0.0
     12 [migration/0]                0.0  0.0
     13 [watchdog/0]                 0.0  0.0
     14 [cpuhp/0]                    0.0  0.0
     16 [kdevtmpfs]                  0.0  0.0
     17 [netns]                      0.0  0.0
     18 [kauditd]                    0.0  0.0
     19 [khungtaskd]                 0.0  0.0
     20 [oom_reaper]                 0.0  0.0
     21 [writeback]                  0.0  0.0
     22 [kcompactd0]                 0.0  0.0
     23 [ksmd]                       0.0  0.0
     24 [khugepaged]                 0.0  0.0
     25 [crypto]                     0.0  0.0
     26 [kintegrityd]                0.0  0.0
     27 [kblockd]                    0.0  0.0
     28 [blkcg_punt_bio]             0.0  0.0
     29 [tpm_dev_wq]                 0.0  0.0
     30 [md]                         0.0  0.0
     31 [edac-poller]                0.0  0.0
     32 [watchdogd]                  0.0  0.0
     33 [kworker/0:1H-xfs-log/sda2]  0.0  0.0
     61 [kswapd0]                    0.0  0.0
    154 [kthrotld]                   0.0  0.0
    155 [irq/24-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    156 [irq/25-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    157 [irq/26-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    158 [irq/27-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    159 [irq/28-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    160 [irq/29-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    161 [irq/30-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    162 [irq/31-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    163 [irq/32-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    164 [irq/33-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    165 [irq/34-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    166 [irq/35-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    167 [irq/36-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    168 [irq/37-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    169 [irq/38-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    170 [irq/39-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    171 [irq/40-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    172 [irq/41-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    173 [irq/42-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    174 [irq/43-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    175 [irq/44-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    176 [irq/45-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    177 [irq/46-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    178 [irq/47-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    179 [irq/48-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    180 [irq/49-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    181 [irq/50-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    182 [irq/51-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    183 [irq/52-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    184 [irq/53-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    185 [irq/54-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    186 [irq/55-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    187 [acpi_thermal_pm]            0.0  0.0
    188 [kmpath_rdacd]               0.0  0.0
    189 [kaluad]                     0.0  0.0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0
    191 [kstrp]                      0.0  0.0
    448 [mpt_poll_0]                 0.0  0.0
    449 [ata_sff]                    0.0  0.0
    450 [mpt/0]                      0.0  0.0
    451 [scsi_eh_0]                  0.0  0.0
    452 [scsi_tmf_0]                 0.0  0.0
    453 [scsi_eh_1]                  0.0  0.0
    454 [scsi_tmf_1]                 0.0  0.0
    459 [scsi_eh_2]                  0.0  0.0
    460 [scsi_tmf_2]                 0.0  0.0
    468 [irq/16-vmwgfx]              0.0  0.0
    470 [ttm_swap]                   0.0  0.0
    471 [card0-crtc0]                0.0  0.0
    472 [card0-crtc1]                0.0  0.0
    473 [card0-crtc2]                0.0  0.0
    474 [card0-crtc3]                0.0  0.0
    475 [card0-crtc4]                0.0  0.0
    476 [card0-crtc5]                0.0  0.0
    477 [card0-crtc6]                0.0  0.0
    478 [card0-crtc7]                0.0  0.0
    503 [xfsalloc]                   0.0  0.0
    504 [xfs_mru_cache]              0.0  0.0
    505 [xfs-buf/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    506 [xfs-conv/sda2]              0.0  0.0
    507 [xfs-cil/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    508 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    509 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    510 [xfs-log/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    511 [xfsaild/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    601 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-jo  1.1  0.0
    635 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud  1.2  0.0
    639 [xfs-buf/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    640 [xfs-conv/sda3]              0.0  0.0
    641 [xfs-buf/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    642 [xfs-cil/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    643 [xfs-conv/sda1]              0.0  0.0
    644 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    645 [xfs-cil/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    646 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    647 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    648 [xfs-log/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    649 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    650 [xfsaild/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    651 [xfs-log/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    652 [xfsaild/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    685 /sbin/auditd                 0.3  0.0
    718 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s    1.4  0.0
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            1.2  0.1
    721 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=  1.7  0.0
    723 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd -  3.0  0.0
    726 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --syst  0.6  0.0
    728 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --  2.2  0.0
    765 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers  1.0  0.0
    767 /usr/libexec/platform-pytho  3.7  0.0
    773 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be -  1.8  0.0
    809 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss   5.1  0.0
    837 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n        0.6  0.0
    838 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-lo  1.0  0.0
    843 /usr/sbin/crond -n           0.4  0.0
    855 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --  0.2  0.0
   1302 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  1.2  0.0
   1305 (sd-pam)                     0.3  0.0
   9556 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbo  0.0  0.0
   9993 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]        0.0  0.1
  10005 /usr/sbin/anacron -s         0.3  0.0
  10152 [kworker/0:0-events_freezab  0.0  0.0
  10186 sshd: root [priv]            1.0  0.0
  10188 sshd: root@pts/2             0.8  0.0
  10189 -bash                        0.4  0.0
  10216 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbo  0.0  0.2
  10224 [cpuhp/1]                    0.0  0.0
  10225 [watchdog/1]                 0.0  0.0
  10226 [migration/1]                0.0  0.0
  10227 [ksoftirqd/1]                0.0  0.0
  10228 [kworker/1:0-mm_percpu_wq]   0.0  0.0
  10229 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
  10239 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]       0.0  0.0
  10246 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]        0.0  0.0
  10247 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]        0.0  0.0
  10347 [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy  0.0  0.0
  10449 sshd: root [priv]            1.0  0.0
  10451 sshd: root@pts/1             0.8  5.0
  10452 -bash                        0.4  0.0
  10481 sshd: root [priv]            1.0  0.0
  10483 sshd: root@pts/0             0.8  0.0
  10484 -bash                        0.4  0.0
  10507 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul  0.1 95.4
  10518 ping -f 127.0.0.1            0.2 65.2
  10536 [kworker/0:1-events]         0.0  0.0
  10539 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbo  0.0  0.1
  10541 ps axo pid,cmd,%mem,%cpu     0.2  0.0

范例:针对属性排序,CentOS6 以下版本不支持

#按CPU利用率倒序排序
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k -%cpu
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM
  10507 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 95.5  0.1
  10518 ping -f 127.0.0.1           65.1  0.2
  10451 sshd: root@pts/1             4.9  0.8
  10216 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbo  0.2  0.0
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2
   9993 [kworker/0:3-mpt_poll_0]     0.1  0.0
  10539 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbo  0.1  0.0
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
      9 [mm_percpu_wq]               0.0  0.0
     10 [ksoftirqd/0]                0.0  0.0
     11 [rcu_sched]                  0.0  0.0
     12 [migration/0]                0.0  0.0
     13 [watchdog/0]                 0.0  0.0
     14 [cpuhp/0]                    0.0  0.0
     16 [kdevtmpfs]                  0.0  0.0
     17 [netns]                      0.0  0.0
     18 [kauditd]                    0.0  0.0
     19 [khungtaskd]                 0.0  0.0
     20 [oom_reaper]                 0.0  0.0
     21 [writeback]                  0.0  0.0
     22 [kcompactd0]                 0.0  0.0
     23 [ksmd]                       0.0  0.0
     24 [khugepaged]                 0.0  0.0
     25 [crypto]                     0.0  0.0
     26 [kintegrityd]                0.0  0.0
     27 [kblockd]                    0.0  0.0
     28 [blkcg_punt_bio]             0.0  0.0
     29 [tpm_dev_wq]                 0.0  0.0
     30 [md]                         0.0  0.0
     31 [edac-poller]                0.0  0.0
     32 [watchdogd]                  0.0  0.0
     33 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]       0.0  0.0
     61 [kswapd0]                    0.0  0.0
    154 [kthrotld]                   0.0  0.0
    155 [irq/24-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    156 [irq/25-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    157 [irq/26-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    158 [irq/27-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    159 [irq/28-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    160 [irq/29-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    161 [irq/30-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    162 [irq/31-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    163 [irq/32-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    164 [irq/33-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    165 [irq/34-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    166 [irq/35-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    167 [irq/36-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    168 [irq/37-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    169 [irq/38-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    170 [irq/39-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    171 [irq/40-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    172 [irq/41-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    173 [irq/42-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    174 [irq/43-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    175 [irq/44-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    176 [irq/45-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    177 [irq/46-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    178 [irq/47-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    179 [irq/48-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    180 [irq/49-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    181 [irq/50-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    182 [irq/51-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    183 [irq/52-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    184 [irq/53-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    185 [irq/54-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    186 [irq/55-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    187 [acpi_thermal_pm]            0.0  0.0
    188 [kmpath_rdacd]               0.0  0.0
    189 [kaluad]                     0.0  0.0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0
    191 [kstrp]                      0.0  0.0
    448 [mpt_poll_0]                 0.0  0.0
    449 [ata_sff]                    0.0  0.0
    450 [mpt/0]                      0.0  0.0
    451 [scsi_eh_0]                  0.0  0.0
    452 [scsi_tmf_0]                 0.0  0.0
    453 [scsi_eh_1]                  0.0  0.0
    454 [scsi_tmf_1]                 0.0  0.0
    459 [scsi_eh_2]                  0.0  0.0
    460 [scsi_tmf_2]                 0.0  0.0
    468 [irq/16-vmwgfx]              0.0  0.0
    470 [ttm_swap]                   0.0  0.0
    471 [card0-crtc0]                0.0  0.0
    472 [card0-crtc1]                0.0  0.0
    473 [card0-crtc2]                0.0  0.0
    474 [card0-crtc3]                0.0  0.0
    475 [card0-crtc4]                0.0  0.0
    476 [card0-crtc5]                0.0  0.0
    477 [card0-crtc6]                0.0  0.0
    478 [card0-crtc7]                0.0  0.0
    503 [xfsalloc]                   0.0  0.0
    504 [xfs_mru_cache]              0.0  0.0
    505 [xfs-buf/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    506 [xfs-conv/sda2]              0.0  0.0
    507 [xfs-cil/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    508 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    509 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    510 [xfs-log/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    511 [xfsaild/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    601 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-jo  0.0  1.1
    635 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud  0.0  1.2
    639 [xfs-buf/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    640 [xfs-conv/sda3]              0.0  0.0
    641 [xfs-buf/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    642 [xfs-cil/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    643 [xfs-conv/sda1]              0.0  0.0
    644 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    645 [xfs-cil/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    646 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    647 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    648 [xfs-log/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    649 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    650 [xfsaild/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    651 [xfs-log/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    652 [xfsaild/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    685 /sbin/auditd                 0.0  0.3
    718 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s    0.0  1.4
    721 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=  0.0  1.7
    723 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd -  0.0  3.0
    726 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --syst  0.0  0.6
    728 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --  0.0  2.2
    765 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers  0.0  1.0
    767 /usr/libexec/platform-pytho  0.0  3.7
    773 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be -  0.0  1.8
    809 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss   0.0  5.1
    837 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n        0.0  0.6
    838 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-lo  0.0  1.0
    843 /usr/sbin/crond -n           0.0  0.4
    855 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --  0.0  0.2
   1302 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.2
   1305 (sd-pam)                     0.0  0.3
   9556 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbo  0.0  0.0
  10005 /usr/sbin/anacron -s         0.0  0.3
  10152 [kworker/0:0-events_freezab  0.0  0.0
  10186 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.0
  10188 sshd: root@pts/2             0.0  0.8
  10189 -bash                        0.0  0.4
  10224 [cpuhp/1]                    0.0  0.0
  10225 [watchdog/1]                 0.0  0.0
  10226 [migration/1]                0.0  0.0
  10227 [ksoftirqd/1]                0.0  0.0
  10228 [kworker/1:0-mm_percpu_wq]   0.0  0.0
  10229 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
  10239 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]       0.0  0.0
  10246 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]        0.0  0.0
  10247 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]        0.0  0.0
  10347 [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy  0.0  0.0
  10449 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.0
  10452 -bash                        0.0  0.4
  10481 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.0
  10483 sshd: root@pts/0             0.0  0.8
  10484 -bash                        0.0  0.4
  10536 [kworker/0:1-ata_sff]        0.0  0.0
  10542 ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k   0.0  0.4

#按内存倒序排序
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort -%mem
    PID CMD                         %CPU %MEM
    809 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss   0.0  5.1
    767 /usr/libexec/platform-pytho  0.0  3.7
    723 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd -  0.0  3.0
    728 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --  0.0  2.2
    773 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be -  0.0  1.8
    721 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=  0.0  1.7
    718 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s    0.0  1.4
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.4
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            0.1  1.2
    635 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud  0.0  1.2
   1302 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  0.0  1.2
    601 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-jo  0.0  1.1
  10449 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.0
  10481 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.0
  10186 sshd: root [priv]            0.0  1.0
    838 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-lo  0.0  1.0
    765 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers  0.0  1.0
  10188 sshd: root@pts/2             0.0  0.8
  10451 sshd: root@pts/1             4.9  0.8
  10483 sshd: root@pts/0             0.0  0.8
    726 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --syst  0.0  0.6
    837 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n        0.0  0.6
  10452 -bash                        0.0  0.4
  10189 -bash                        0.0  0.4
  10484 -bash                        0.0  0.4
    843 /usr/sbin/crond -n           0.0  0.4
  10543 ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --  0.0  0.4
  10005 /usr/sbin/anacron -s         0.0  0.3
    685 /sbin/auditd                 0.0  0.3
   1305 (sd-pam)                     0.0  0.3
  10518 ping -f 127.0.0.1           65.0  0.2
    855 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --  0.0  0.2
  10507 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 95.5  0.1
      2 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
      9 [mm_percpu_wq]               0.0  0.0
     10 [ksoftirqd/0]                0.0  0.0
     11 [rcu_sched]                  0.0  0.0
     12 [migration/0]                0.0  0.0
     13 [watchdog/0]                 0.0  0.0
     14 [cpuhp/0]                    0.0  0.0
     16 [kdevtmpfs]                  0.0  0.0
     17 [netns]                      0.0  0.0
     18 [kauditd]                    0.0  0.0
     19 [khungtaskd]                 0.0  0.0
     20 [oom_reaper]                 0.0  0.0
     21 [writeback]                  0.0  0.0
     22 [kcompactd0]                 0.0  0.0
     23 [ksmd]                       0.0  0.0
     24 [khugepaged]                 0.0  0.0
     25 [crypto]                     0.0  0.0
     26 [kintegrityd]                0.0  0.0
     27 [kblockd]                    0.0  0.0
     28 [blkcg_punt_bio]             0.0  0.0
     29 [tpm_dev_wq]                 0.0  0.0
     30 [md]                         0.0  0.0
     31 [edac-poller]                0.0  0.0
     32 [watchdogd]                  0.0  0.0
     33 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]       0.0  0.0
     61 [kswapd0]                    0.0  0.0
    154 [kthrotld]                   0.0  0.0
    155 [irq/24-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    156 [irq/25-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    157 [irq/26-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    158 [irq/27-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    159 [irq/28-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    160 [irq/29-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    161 [irq/30-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    162 [irq/31-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    163 [irq/32-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    164 [irq/33-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    165 [irq/34-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    166 [irq/35-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    167 [irq/36-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    168 [irq/37-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    169 [irq/38-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    170 [irq/39-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    171 [irq/40-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    172 [irq/41-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    173 [irq/42-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    174 [irq/43-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    175 [irq/44-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    176 [irq/45-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    177 [irq/46-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    178 [irq/47-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    179 [irq/48-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    180 [irq/49-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    181 [irq/50-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    182 [irq/51-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    183 [irq/52-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    184 [irq/53-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    185 [irq/54-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    186 [irq/55-pciehp]              0.0  0.0
    187 [acpi_thermal_pm]            0.0  0.0
    188 [kmpath_rdacd]               0.0  0.0
    189 [kaluad]                     0.0  0.0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]              0.0  0.0
    191 [kstrp]                      0.0  0.0
    448 [mpt_poll_0]                 0.0  0.0
    449 [ata_sff]                    0.0  0.0
    450 [mpt/0]                      0.0  0.0
    451 [scsi_eh_0]                  0.0  0.0
    452 [scsi_tmf_0]                 0.0  0.0
    453 [scsi_eh_1]                  0.0  0.0
    454 [scsi_tmf_1]                 0.0  0.0
    459 [scsi_eh_2]                  0.0  0.0
    460 [scsi_tmf_2]                 0.0  0.0
    468 [irq/16-vmwgfx]              0.0  0.0
    470 [ttm_swap]                   0.0  0.0
    471 [card0-crtc0]                0.0  0.0
    472 [card0-crtc1]                0.0  0.0
    473 [card0-crtc2]                0.0  0.0
    474 [card0-crtc3]                0.0  0.0
    475 [card0-crtc4]                0.0  0.0
    476 [card0-crtc5]                0.0  0.0
    477 [card0-crtc6]                0.0  0.0
    478 [card0-crtc7]                0.0  0.0
    503 [xfsalloc]                   0.0  0.0
    504 [xfs_mru_cache]              0.0  0.0
    505 [xfs-buf/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    506 [xfs-conv/sda2]              0.0  0.0
    507 [xfs-cil/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    508 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    509 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    510 [xfs-log/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    511 [xfsaild/sda2]               0.0  0.0
    639 [xfs-buf/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    640 [xfs-conv/sda3]              0.0  0.0
    641 [xfs-buf/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    642 [xfs-cil/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    643 [xfs-conv/sda1]              0.0  0.0
    644 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    645 [xfs-cil/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    646 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    647 [xfs-reclaim/sda]            0.0  0.0
    648 [xfs-log/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    649 [xfs-eofblocks/s]            0.0  0.0
    650 [xfsaild/sda3]               0.0  0.0
    651 [xfs-log/sda1]               0.0  0.0
    652 [xfsaild/sda1]               0.0  0.0
   9556 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbo  0.0  0.0
   9993 [kworker/0:3-events]         0.1  0.0
  10152 [kworker/0:0-events_freezab  0.0  0.0
  10216 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbo  0.2  0.0
  10224 [cpuhp/1]                    0.0  0.0
  10225 [watchdog/1]                 0.0  0.0
  10226 [migration/1]                0.0  0.0
  10227 [ksoftirqd/1]                0.0  0.0
  10228 [kworker/1:0-xfs-buf/sda2]   0.0  0.0
  10229 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
  10239 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]       0.0  0.0
  10246 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]        0.0  0.0
  10247 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]        0.0  0.0
  10347 [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy  0.0  0.0
  10536 [kworker/0:1-ata_sff]        0.0  0.0
  10539 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbo  0.1  0.0

范例:有效用户和实际用户

[root@rocky8 ~]# su - raymond
Last login: Sun Oct 31 14:16:01 CST 2021 on pts/1

[raymond@rocky8 ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user raymond.
Current password: 

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem,user,euser,ruser | grep passwd
  10581 passwd                       0.0  1.0 root     root     raymond
  10583 grep --color=auto passwd     0.0  0.1 root     root     root

范例:

#查询你拥有的所有进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -x
    PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
      1 ?        Ss     0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
      2 ?        S      0:00 [kthreadd]
      3 ?        I<     0:00 [rcu_gp]
      4 ?        I<     0:00 [rcu_par_gp]
      6 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
      9 ?        I<     0:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
     10 ?        S      0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
     11 ?        I      0:00 [rcu_sched]
     12 ?        S      0:00 [migration/0]
     13 ?        S      0:00 [watchdog/0]
     14 ?        S      0:00 [cpuhp/0]
     16 ?        S      0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
     17 ?        I<     0:00 [netns]
     18 ?        S      0:00 [kauditd]
     19 ?        S      0:00 [khungtaskd]
     20 ?        S      0:00 [oom_reaper]
     21 ?        I<     0:00 [writeback]
     22 ?        S      0:00 [kcompactd0]
     23 ?        SN     0:00 [ksmd]
     24 ?        SN     0:00 [khugepaged]
     25 ?        I<     0:00 [crypto]
     26 ?        I<     0:00 [kintegrityd]
     27 ?        I<     0:00 [kblockd]
     28 ?        I<     0:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
     29 ?        I<     0:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
     30 ?        I<     0:00 [md]
     31 ?        I<     0:00 [edac-poller]
     32 ?        S      0:00 [watchdogd]
     33 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]
     61 ?        S      0:00 [kswapd0]
    154 ?        I<     0:00 [kthrotld]
    155 ?        S      0:00 [irq/24-pciehp]
    156 ?        S      0:00 [irq/25-pciehp]
    157 ?        S      0:00 [irq/26-pciehp]
    158 ?        S      0:00 [irq/27-pciehp]
    159 ?        S      0:00 [irq/28-pciehp]
    160 ?        S      0:00 [irq/29-pciehp]
    161 ?        S      0:00 [irq/30-pciehp]
    162 ?        S      0:00 [irq/31-pciehp]
    163 ?        S      0:00 [irq/32-pciehp]
    164 ?        S      0:00 [irq/33-pciehp]
    165 ?        S      0:00 [irq/34-pciehp]
    166 ?        S      0:00 [irq/35-pciehp]
    167 ?        S      0:00 [irq/36-pciehp]
    168 ?        S      0:00 [irq/37-pciehp]
    169 ?        S      0:00 [irq/38-pciehp]
    170 ?        S      0:00 [irq/39-pciehp]
    171 ?        S      0:00 [irq/40-pciehp]
    172 ?        S      0:00 [irq/41-pciehp]
    173 ?        S      0:00 [irq/42-pciehp]
    174 ?        S      0:00 [irq/43-pciehp]
    175 ?        S      0:00 [irq/44-pciehp]
    176 ?        S      0:00 [irq/45-pciehp]
    177 ?        S      0:00 [irq/46-pciehp]
    178 ?        S      0:00 [irq/47-pciehp]
    179 ?        S      0:00 [irq/48-pciehp]
    180 ?        S      0:00 [irq/49-pciehp]
    181 ?        S      0:00 [irq/50-pciehp]
    182 ?        S      0:00 [irq/51-pciehp]
    183 ?        S      0:00 [irq/52-pciehp]
    184 ?        S      0:00 [irq/53-pciehp]
    185 ?        S      0:00 [irq/54-pciehp]
    186 ?        S      0:00 [irq/55-pciehp]
    187 ?        I<     0:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
    188 ?        I<     0:00 [kmpath_rdacd]
    189 ?        I<     0:00 [kaluad]
    190 ?        I<     0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
    191 ?        I<     0:00 [kstrp]
    448 ?        I<     0:00 [mpt_poll_0]
    449 ?        I<     0:00 [ata_sff]
    450 ?        I<     0:00 [mpt/0]
    451 ?        S      0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
    452 ?        I<     0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
    453 ?        S      0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
    454 ?        I<     0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
    459 ?        S      0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
    460 ?        I<     0:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
    468 ?        S      0:00 [irq/16-vmwgfx]
    470 ?        I<     0:00 [ttm_swap]
    471 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc0]
    472 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc1]
    473 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc2]
    474 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc3]
    475 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc4]
    476 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc5]
    477 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc6]
    478 ?        S      0:00 [card0-crtc7]
    503 ?        I<     0:00 [xfsalloc]
    504 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
    505 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-buf/sda2]
    506 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-conv/sda2]
    507 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-cil/sda2]
    508 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    509 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    510 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-log/sda2]
    511 ?        S      0:00 [xfsaild/sda2]
    601 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
    635 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
    639 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-buf/sda3]
    640 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-conv/sda3]
    641 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-buf/sda1]
    642 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-cil/sda3]
    643 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-conv/sda1]
    644 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    645 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-cil/sda1]
    646 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    647 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    648 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-log/sda3]
    649 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    650 ?        S      0:00 [xfsaild/sda3]
    651 ?        I<     0:00 [xfs-log/sda1]
    652 ?        S      0:00 [xfsaild/sda1]
    685 ?        S<sl   0:00 /sbin/auditd
    718 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
    719 ?        Ssl    0:07 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
    721 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
    728 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
    765 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes256-cbc,aes128-gcm@
    767 ?        Ssl    0:01 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
    773 ?        S      0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
    809 ?        S      0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
    837 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
    838 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
    843 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
    855 tty1     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
   1302 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
   1305 ?        S      0:00 (sd-pam)
   9556 ?        R      0:02 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
   9993 ?        I      0:03 [kworker/0:3-ata_sff]
  10005 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
  10152 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/0:0-ata_sff]
  10186 ?        Ss     0:00 sshd: root [priv]
  10188 ?        S      0:00 sshd: root@pts/2
  10189 pts/2    Ss     0:00 -bash
  10216 ?        I      0:01 [kworker/u256:2-events_unbound]
  10224 ?        S      0:00 [cpuhp/1]
  10225 ?        S      0:00 [watchdog/1]
  10226 ?        S      0:00 [migration/1]
  10227 ?        S      0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
  10228 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/1:0-mm_percpu_wq]
  10229 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpri]
  10239 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]
  10246 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
  10247 ?        I<     0:00 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
  10347 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy]
  10449 ?        Ss     0:00 sshd: root [priv]
  10451 ?        S      0:30 sshd: root@pts/1
  10452 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
  10481 ?        Ss     0:00 sshd: root [priv]
  10483 ?        S      0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
  10484 pts/0    Ss     0:00 -bash
  10507 pts/0    R+    10:58 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
  10536 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/0:1-events_freezable_power_]
  10539 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbound]
  10544 ?        I      0:00 [kworker/0:2-mpt_poll_0]
  10549 pts/2    S      0:00 su - raymond
  10581 pts/2    S+     0:00 passwd
  10584 pts/1    R+     0:00 ps -x

#显示指定用户名(RUID)或用户ID的进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fU raymond
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
raymond    10550   10549  0 14:51 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash
root       10581   10550  0 14:52 pts/2    00:00:00 passwd

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fU 1000
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
raymond    10550   10549  0 14:51 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash
root       10581   10550  0 14:52 pts/2    00:00:00 passwd

#显示指定用户名(EUID)或用户ID的进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fu raymond
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
raymond    10550   10549  0 14:51 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fu 1000
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
raymond    10550   10549  0 14:51 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

#查看以root用户权限(实际和有效ID)运行的每个进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -U root -u root
    PID TTY          TIME CMD
      1 ?        00:00:01 systemd
      2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd
      3 ?        00:00:00 rcu_gp
      4 ?        00:00:00 rcu_par_gp
      6 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri
      9 ?        00:00:00 mm_percpu_wq
     10 ?        00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
     11 ?        00:00:00 rcu_sched
     12 ?        00:00:00 migration/0
     13 ?        00:00:00 watchdog/0
     14 ?        00:00:00 cpuhp/0
     16 ?        00:00:00 kdevtmpfs
     17 ?        00:00:00 netns
     18 ?        00:00:00 kauditd
     19 ?        00:00:00 khungtaskd
     20 ?        00:00:00 oom_reaper
     21 ?        00:00:00 writeback
     22 ?        00:00:00 kcompactd0
     23 ?        00:00:00 ksmd
     24 ?        00:00:00 khugepaged
     25 ?        00:00:00 crypto
     26 ?        00:00:00 kintegrityd
     27 ?        00:00:00 kblockd
     28 ?        00:00:00 blkcg_punt_bio
     29 ?        00:00:00 tpm_dev_wq
     30 ?        00:00:00 md
     31 ?        00:00:00 edac-poller
     32 ?        00:00:00 watchdogd
     33 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:1H-kblockd
     61 ?        00:00:00 kswapd0
    154 ?        00:00:00 kthrotld
    155 ?        00:00:00 irq/24-pciehp
    156 ?        00:00:00 irq/25-pciehp
    157 ?        00:00:00 irq/26-pciehp
    158 ?        00:00:00 irq/27-pciehp
    159 ?        00:00:00 irq/28-pciehp
    160 ?        00:00:00 irq/29-pciehp
    161 ?        00:00:00 irq/30-pciehp
    162 ?        00:00:00 irq/31-pciehp
    163 ?        00:00:00 irq/32-pciehp
    164 ?        00:00:00 irq/33-pciehp
    165 ?        00:00:00 irq/34-pciehp
    166 ?        00:00:00 irq/35-pciehp
    167 ?        00:00:00 irq/36-pciehp
    168 ?        00:00:00 irq/37-pciehp
    169 ?        00:00:00 irq/38-pciehp
    170 ?        00:00:00 irq/39-pciehp
    171 ?        00:00:00 irq/40-pciehp
    172 ?        00:00:00 irq/41-pciehp
    173 ?        00:00:00 irq/42-pciehp
    174 ?        00:00:00 irq/43-pciehp
    175 ?        00:00:00 irq/44-pciehp
    176 ?        00:00:00 irq/45-pciehp
    177 ?        00:00:00 irq/46-pciehp
    178 ?        00:00:00 irq/47-pciehp
    179 ?        00:00:00 irq/48-pciehp
    180 ?        00:00:00 irq/49-pciehp
    181 ?        00:00:00 irq/50-pciehp
    182 ?        00:00:00 irq/51-pciehp
    183 ?        00:00:00 irq/52-pciehp
    184 ?        00:00:00 irq/53-pciehp
    185 ?        00:00:00 irq/54-pciehp
    186 ?        00:00:00 irq/55-pciehp
    187 ?        00:00:00 acpi_thermal_pm
    188 ?        00:00:00 kmpath_rdacd
    189 ?        00:00:00 kaluad
    190 ?        00:00:00 ipv6_addrconf
    191 ?        00:00:00 kstrp
    448 ?        00:00:00 mpt_poll_0
    449 ?        00:00:00 ata_sff
    450 ?        00:00:00 mpt/0
    451 ?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_0
    452 ?        00:00:00 scsi_tmf_0
    453 ?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_1
    454 ?        00:00:00 scsi_tmf_1
    459 ?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_2
    460 ?        00:00:00 scsi_tmf_2
    468 ?        00:00:00 irq/16-vmwgfx
    470 ?        00:00:00 ttm_swap
    471 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc0
    472 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc1
    473 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc2
    474 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc3
    475 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc4
    476 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc5
    477 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc6
    478 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc7
    503 ?        00:00:00 xfsalloc
    504 ?        00:00:00 xfs_mru_cache
    505 ?        00:00:00 xfs-buf/sda2
    506 ?        00:00:00 xfs-conv/sda2
    507 ?        00:00:00 xfs-cil/sda2
    508 ?        00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/sda
    509 ?        00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/s
    510 ?        00:00:00 xfs-log/sda2
    511 ?        00:00:00 xfsaild/sda2
    601 ?        00:00:00 systemd-journal
    635 ?        00:00:00 systemd-udevd
    639 ?        00:00:00 xfs-buf/sda3
    640 ?        00:00:00 xfs-conv/sda3
    641 ?        00:00:00 xfs-buf/sda1
    642 ?        00:00:00 xfs-cil/sda3
    643 ?        00:00:00 xfs-conv/sda1
    644 ?        00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/sda
    645 ?        00:00:00 xfs-cil/sda1
    646 ?        00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/s
    647 ?        00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/sda
    648 ?        00:00:00 xfs-log/sda3
    649 ?        00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/s
    650 ?        00:00:00 xfsaild/sda3
    651 ?        00:00:00 xfs-log/sda1
    652 ?        00:00:00 xfsaild/sda1
    685 ?        00:00:00 auditd
    718 ?        00:00:00 VGAuthService
    719 ?        00:00:07 vmtoolsd
    721 ?        00:00:00 sssd
    728 ?        00:00:00 NetworkManager
    765 ?        00:00:00 sshd
    767 ?        00:00:01 tuned
    773 ?        00:00:00 sssd_be
    809 ?        00:00:00 sssd_nss
    837 ?        00:00:00 rsyslogd
    838 ?        00:00:00 systemd-logind
    843 ?        00:00:00 crond
    855 tty1     00:00:00 agetty
   1302 ?        00:00:00 systemd
   1305 ?        00:00:00 (sd-pam)
   9556 ?        00:00:02 kworker/u256:0-events_unbound
  10005 ?        00:00:00 anacron
  10152 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:0-events
  10186 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10188 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10189 pts/2    00:00:00 bash
  10224 ?        00:00:00 cpuhp/1
  10225 ?        00:00:00 watchdog/1
  10226 ?        00:00:00 migration/1
  10227 ?        00:00:00 ksoftirqd/1
  10228 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:0-events
  10229 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:0H-events_highpri
  10239 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:1H-kblockd
  10246 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u257:0-hci0
  10247 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u257:1-hci0
  10347 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy
  10449 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10451 ?        00:00:30 sshd
  10452 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
  10481 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10483 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10484 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
  10507 pts/0    00:14:10 dd
  10536 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:1-ata_sff
  10539 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u256:1-events_unbound
  10544 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:2-ata_sff
  10549 pts/2    00:00:00 su
  10581 pts/2    00:00:00 passwd
  10593 pts/1    00:00:00 ps

#列出某个组拥有的所有进程(实际组ID:RGID或名称)
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fG raymond
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
raymond    10550   10549  0 14:51 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash
root       10581   10550  0 14:52 pts/2    00:00:00 passwd

#列出有效组名称(或会话)所拥有的所有进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fg raymond
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
raymond    10550   10549  0 14:51 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash
root       10581   10550  0 14:52 pts/2    00:00:00 passwd
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fg 1000
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD

#显示指定的进程ID对应的进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# echo $BASHPID
10452
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fp 10452
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root       10452   10451  0 14:41 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash

#以父进程ID来显示其下所有的进程,如显示父进程为1234的所有进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -f --ppid 10451
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root       10452   10451  0 14:41 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash

#显示指定PID的多个进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# pstree -p|grep bash
           |-sshd(765)-+-sshd(10186)---sshd(10188)---bash(10189)---su(10549)---bash(10550)---passwd(10581)
           |           |-sshd(10449)---sshd(10451)---bash(10452)-+-grep(10609)
           |           `-sshd(10481)---sshd(10483)---bash(10484)---dd(10507)
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fp 10189 10452 10484
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY      STAT   TIME CMD
root       10189   10188  0 14:35 pts/2    Ss     0:00 -bash
root       10452   10451  0 14:41 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
root       10484   10483  0 14:41 pts/0    Ss     0:00 -bash

#要按tty显示所属进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -ft pts/0
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root       10484   10483  0 14:41 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
root       10507   10484 97 14:41 pts/0    00:19:14 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null

#以进程树显示系统中的进程如何相互链接
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -e --forest
    PID TTY          TIME CMD
      2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd
      3 ?        00:00:00  \_ rcu_gp
      4 ?        00:00:00  \_ rcu_par_gp
      6 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/0:0H-events_highpri
      9 ?        00:00:00  \_ mm_percpu_wq
     10 ?        00:00:00  \_ ksoftirqd/0
     11 ?        00:00:00  \_ rcu_sched
     12 ?        00:00:00  \_ migration/0
     13 ?        00:00:00  \_ watchdog/0
     14 ?        00:00:00  \_ cpuhp/0
     16 ?        00:00:00  \_ kdevtmpfs
     17 ?        00:00:00  \_ netns
     18 ?        00:00:00  \_ kauditd
     19 ?        00:00:00  \_ khungtaskd
     20 ?        00:00:00  \_ oom_reaper
     21 ?        00:00:00  \_ writeback
     22 ?        00:00:00  \_ kcompactd0
     23 ?        00:00:00  \_ ksmd
     24 ?        00:00:00  \_ khugepaged
     25 ?        00:00:00  \_ crypto
     26 ?        00:00:00  \_ kintegrityd
     27 ?        00:00:00  \_ kblockd
     28 ?        00:00:00  \_ blkcg_punt_bio
     29 ?        00:00:00  \_ tpm_dev_wq
     30 ?        00:00:00  \_ md
     31 ?        00:00:00  \_ edac-poller
     32 ?        00:00:00  \_ watchdogd
     33 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/0:1H-kblockd
     61 ?        00:00:00  \_ kswapd0
    154 ?        00:00:00  \_ kthrotld
    155 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/24-pciehp
    156 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/25-pciehp
    157 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/26-pciehp
    158 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/27-pciehp
    159 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/28-pciehp
    160 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/29-pciehp
    161 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/30-pciehp
    162 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/31-pciehp
    163 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/32-pciehp
    164 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/33-pciehp
    165 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/34-pciehp
    166 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/35-pciehp
    167 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/36-pciehp
    168 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/37-pciehp
    169 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/38-pciehp
    170 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/39-pciehp
    171 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/40-pciehp
    172 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/41-pciehp
    173 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/42-pciehp
    174 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/43-pciehp
    175 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/44-pciehp
    176 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/45-pciehp
    177 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/46-pciehp
    178 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/47-pciehp
    179 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/48-pciehp
    180 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/49-pciehp
    181 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/50-pciehp
    182 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/51-pciehp
    183 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/52-pciehp
    184 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/53-pciehp
    185 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/54-pciehp
    186 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/55-pciehp
    187 ?        00:00:00  \_ acpi_thermal_pm
    188 ?        00:00:00  \_ kmpath_rdacd
    189 ?        00:00:00  \_ kaluad
    190 ?        00:00:00  \_ ipv6_addrconf
    191 ?        00:00:00  \_ kstrp
    448 ?        00:00:00  \_ mpt_poll_0
    449 ?        00:00:00  \_ ata_sff
    450 ?        00:00:00  \_ mpt/0
    451 ?        00:00:00  \_ scsi_eh_0
    452 ?        00:00:00  \_ scsi_tmf_0
    453 ?        00:00:00  \_ scsi_eh_1
    454 ?        00:00:00  \_ scsi_tmf_1
    459 ?        00:00:00  \_ scsi_eh_2
    460 ?        00:00:00  \_ scsi_tmf_2
    468 ?        00:00:00  \_ irq/16-vmwgfx
    470 ?        00:00:00  \_ ttm_swap
    471 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc0
    472 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc1
    473 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc2
    474 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc3
    475 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc4
    476 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc5
    477 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc6
    478 ?        00:00:00  \_ card0-crtc7
    503 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfsalloc
    504 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs_mru_cache
    505 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-buf/sda2
    506 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-conv/sda2
    507 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-cil/sda2
    508 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-reclaim/sda
    509 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-eofblocks/s
    510 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-log/sda2
    511 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfsaild/sda2
    639 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-buf/sda3
    640 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-conv/sda3
    641 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-buf/sda1
    642 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-cil/sda3
    643 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-conv/sda1
    644 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-reclaim/sda
    645 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-cil/sda1
    646 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-eofblocks/s
    647 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-reclaim/sda
    648 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-log/sda3
    649 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-eofblocks/s
    650 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfsaild/sda3
    651 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfs-log/sda1
    652 ?        00:00:00  \_ xfsaild/sda1
   9556 ?        00:00:02  \_ kworker/u256:0-events_unbound
  10224 ?        00:00:00  \_ cpuhp/1
  10225 ?        00:00:00  \_ watchdog/1
  10226 ?        00:00:00  \_ migration/1
  10227 ?        00:00:00  \_ ksoftirqd/1
  10228 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/1:0-xfs-eofblocks/sda2
  10229 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/1:0H-events_highpri
  10239 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/1:1H-kblockd
  10246 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/u257:0-hci0
  10247 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/u257:1-hci0
  10347 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy
  10539 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/u256:1-events_unbound
  10544 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/0:2-ata_sff
  10594 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/0:3-ata_sff
  10624 ?        00:00:00  \_ kworker/0:0-events
      1 ?        00:00:01 systemd
    601 ?        00:00:00 systemd-journal
    635 ?        00:00:00 systemd-udevd
    685 ?        00:00:00 auditd
    718 ?        00:00:00 VGAuthService
    719 ?        00:00:07 vmtoolsd
    721 ?        00:00:00 sssd
    773 ?        00:00:00  \_ sssd_be
    809 ?        00:00:00  \_ sssd_nss
    723 ?        00:00:00 polkitd
    726 ?        00:00:00 dbus-daemon
    728 ?        00:00:00 NetworkManager
    765 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10186 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd
  10188 ?        00:00:00  |   \_ sshd
  10189 pts/2    00:00:00  |       \_ bash
  10549 pts/2    00:00:00  |           \_ su
  10550 pts/2    00:00:00  |               \_ bash
  10581 pts/2    00:00:00  |                   \_ passwd
  10449 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd
  10451 ?        00:00:30  |   \_ sshd
  10452 pts/1    00:00:00  |       \_ bash
  10625 pts/1    00:00:00  |           \_ ps
  10481 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd
  10483 ?        00:00:00      \_ sshd
  10484 pts/0    00:00:00          \_ bash
  10507 pts/0    00:19:38              \_ dd
    767 ?        00:00:01 tuned
    837 ?        00:00:00 rsyslogd
    838 ?        00:00:00 systemd-logind
    843 ?        00:00:00 crond
    855 tty1     00:00:00 agetty
   1302 ?        00:00:00 systemd
   1305 ?        00:00:00  \_ (sd-pam)
  10005 ?        00:00:00 anacron

#以进程树显示指定的进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -f --forest -C sshd
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         765       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr
root       10186     765  0 14:35 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10188   10186  0 14:35 ?        00:00:00  |   \_ sshd: root@pts/2
root       10449     765  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10451   10449  2 14:41 ?        00:00:30  |   \_ sshd: root@pts/1
root       10481     765  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10483   10481  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00      \_ sshd: root@pts/0

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -ef --forest | grep -v grep | grep sshd
root         765       1  0 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes256-cbc,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes128-cbc -oMACs=hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha1,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512 -oGSSAPIKexAlgorithms=gss-curve25519-sha256-,gss-nistp256-sha256-,gss-group14-sha256-,gss-group16-sha512-,gss-gex-sha1-,gss-group14-sha1- -oKexAlgorithms=curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 -oHostKeyAlgorithms=ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com -oPubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes=ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com -oCASignatureAlgorithms=ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512,ssh-rsa
root       10186     765  0 14:35 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10188   10186  0 14:35 ?        00:00:00  |   \_ sshd: root@pts/2
root       10449     765  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10451   10449  2 14:41 ?        00:00:30  |   \_ sshd: root@pts/1
root       10481     765  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00  \_ sshd: root [priv]
root       10483   10481  0 14:41 ?        00:00:00      \_ sshd: root@pts/0

#要显示一个进程的所有线程,将显示LWP(轻量级进程)以及NLWP(轻量级进程数)列
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -fL -C sshd
UID          PID    PPID     LWP  C NLWP STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         765       1     765  0    1 13:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.c
root       10186     765   10186  0    1 14:35 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10188   10186   10188  0    1 14:35 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/2
root       10449     765   10449  0    1 14:41 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10451   10449   10451  2    1 14:41 ?        00:00:30 sshd: root@pts/1
root       10481     765   10481  0    1 14:41 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root [priv]
root       10483   10481   10483  0    1 14:41 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0

#要列出所有格式说明符
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps L
%cpu         %CPU    
%mem         %MEM    
_left        LLLLLLLL
_left2       L2L2L2L2
_right       RRRRRRRR
_right2      R2R2R2R2
_unlimited   U       
_unlimited2  U2      
alarm        ALARM   
args         COMMAND 
atime        TIME    
blocked      BLOCKED 
bsdstart     START   
bsdtime      TIME    
c            C       
caught       CAUGHT  
cgname       CGNAME  
cgroup       CGROUP  
class        CLS     
cls          CLS     
cmd          CMD     
comm         COMMAND 
command      COMMAND 
context      CONTEXT 
cp           CP      
cpuid        CPUID   
cputime      TIME    
cputimes     TIME    
drs          DRS     
dsiz         DSIZ    
egid         EGID    
egroup       EGROUP  
eip          EIP     
esp          ESP     
etime        ELAPSED 
etimes       ELAPSED 
euid         EUID    
euser        EUSER   
f            F       
fgid         FGID    
fgroup       FGROUP  
flag         F       
flags        F       
fname        COMMAND 
fsgid        FSGID   
fsgroup      FSGROUP 
fsuid        FSUID   
fsuser       FSUSER  
fuid         FUID    
fuser        FUSER   
gid          GID     
group        GROUP   
ignored      IGNORED 
intpri       PRI     
ipcns        IPCNS   
label        LABEL   
lastcpu      C       
lim          LIM     
longtname    TTY     
lsession     SESSION 
lstart       STARTED 
luid         LUID    
lwp          LWP     
lxc          LXC     
m_drs        DRS     
m_size       SIZE    
m_trs        TRS     
machine      MACHINE 
maj_flt      MAJFL   
majflt       MAJFLT  
min_flt      MINFL   
minflt       MINFLT  
mntns        MNTNS   
netns        NETNS   
ni           NI      
nice         NI      
nlwp         NLWP    
numa         NUMA    
nwchan       WCHAN   
opri         PRI     
ouid         OWNER   
pagein       PAGEIN  
pcpu         %CPU    
pending      PENDING 
pgid         PGID    
pgrp         PGRP    
pid          PID     
pidns        PIDNS   
pmem         %MEM    
policy       POL     
ppid         PPID    
pri          PRI     
pri_api      API     
pri_bar      BAR     
pri_baz      BAZ     
pri_foo      FOO     
priority     PRI     
psr          PSR     
rgid         RGID    
rgroup       RGROUP  
rss          RSS     
rssize       RSS     
rsz          RSZ     
rtprio       RTPRIO  
ruid         RUID    
ruser        RUSER   
s            S       
sched        SCH     
seat         SEAT    
sess         SESS    
session      SESS    
sgi_p        P       
sgi_rss      RSS     
sgid         SGID    
sgroup       SGROUP  
sid          SID     
sig          PENDING 
sig_block    BLOCKED 
sig_catch    CATCHED 
sig_ignore   IGNORED 
sig_pend     SIGNAL  
sigcatch     CAUGHT  
sigignore    IGNORED 
sigmask      BLOCKED 
size         SIZE    
slice        SLICE   
spid         SPID    
stackp       STACKP  
start        STARTED 
start_stack  STACKP  
start_time   START   
stat         STAT    
state        S       
stime        STIME   
suid         SUID    
supgid       SUPGID  
supgrp       SUPGRP  
suser        SUSER   
svgid        SVGID   
svgroup      SVGROUP 
svuid        SVUID   
svuser       SVUSER  
sz           SZ      
tgid         TGID    
thcount      THCNT   
tid          TID     
time         TIME    
times        TIME    
tname        TTY     
tpgid        TPGID   
trs          TRS     
trss         TRSS    
tsig         PENDING 
tsiz         TSIZ    
tt           TT      
tty          TT      
tty4         TTY     
tty8         TTY     
ucmd         CMD     
ucomm        COMMAND 
uid          UID     
uid_hack     UID     
uname        USER    
unit         UNIT    
user         USER    
userns       USERNS  
util         C       
utsns        UTSNS   
uunit        UUNIT   
vsize        VSZ     
vsz          VSZ     
wchan        WCHAN   
wname        WCHAN   
zone         ZONE 

#查看进程的PID,PPID,用户名和命令
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -eo pid,ppid,user,cmd
    PID    PPID USER     CMD
      1       0 root     /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17
      2       0 root     [kthreadd]
      3       2 root     [rcu_gp]
      4       2 root     [rcu_par_gp]
      6       2 root     [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
      9       2 root     [mm_percpu_wq]
     10       2 root     [ksoftirqd/0]
     11       2 root     [rcu_sched]
     12       2 root     [migration/0]
     13       2 root     [watchdog/0]
     14       2 root     [cpuhp/0]
     16       2 root     [kdevtmpfs]
     17       2 root     [netns]
     18       2 root     [kauditd]
     19       2 root     [khungtaskd]
     20       2 root     [oom_reaper]
     21       2 root     [writeback]
     22       2 root     [kcompactd0]
     23       2 root     [ksmd]
     24       2 root     [khugepaged]
     25       2 root     [crypto]
     26       2 root     [kintegrityd]
     27       2 root     [kblockd]
     28       2 root     [blkcg_punt_bio]
     29       2 root     [tpm_dev_wq]
     30       2 root     [md]
     31       2 root     [edac-poller]
     32       2 root     [watchdogd]
     33       2 root     [kworker/0:1H-xfs-log/sda2]
     61       2 root     [kswapd0]
    154       2 root     [kthrotld]
    155       2 root     [irq/24-pciehp]
    156       2 root     [irq/25-pciehp]
    157       2 root     [irq/26-pciehp]
    158       2 root     [irq/27-pciehp]
    159       2 root     [irq/28-pciehp]
    160       2 root     [irq/29-pciehp]
    161       2 root     [irq/30-pciehp]
    162       2 root     [irq/31-pciehp]
    163       2 root     [irq/32-pciehp]
    164       2 root     [irq/33-pciehp]
    165       2 root     [irq/34-pciehp]
    166       2 root     [irq/35-pciehp]
    167       2 root     [irq/36-pciehp]
    168       2 root     [irq/37-pciehp]
    169       2 root     [irq/38-pciehp]
    170       2 root     [irq/39-pciehp]
    171       2 root     [irq/40-pciehp]
    172       2 root     [irq/41-pciehp]
    173       2 root     [irq/42-pciehp]
    174       2 root     [irq/43-pciehp]
    175       2 root     [irq/44-pciehp]
    176       2 root     [irq/45-pciehp]
    177       2 root     [irq/46-pciehp]
    178       2 root     [irq/47-pciehp]
    179       2 root     [irq/48-pciehp]
    180       2 root     [irq/49-pciehp]
    181       2 root     [irq/50-pciehp]
    182       2 root     [irq/51-pciehp]
    183       2 root     [irq/52-pciehp]
    184       2 root     [irq/53-pciehp]
    185       2 root     [irq/54-pciehp]
    186       2 root     [irq/55-pciehp]
    187       2 root     [acpi_thermal_pm]
    188       2 root     [kmpath_rdacd]
    189       2 root     [kaluad]
    190       2 root     [ipv6_addrconf]
    191       2 root     [kstrp]
    448       2 root     [mpt_poll_0]
    449       2 root     [ata_sff]
    450       2 root     [mpt/0]
    451       2 root     [scsi_eh_0]
    452       2 root     [scsi_tmf_0]
    453       2 root     [scsi_eh_1]
    454       2 root     [scsi_tmf_1]
    459       2 root     [scsi_eh_2]
    460       2 root     [scsi_tmf_2]
    468       2 root     [irq/16-vmwgfx]
    470       2 root     [ttm_swap]
    471       2 root     [card0-crtc0]
    472       2 root     [card0-crtc1]
    473       2 root     [card0-crtc2]
    474       2 root     [card0-crtc3]
    475       2 root     [card0-crtc4]
    476       2 root     [card0-crtc5]
    477       2 root     [card0-crtc6]
    478       2 root     [card0-crtc7]
    503       2 root     [xfsalloc]
    504       2 root     [xfs_mru_cache]
    505       2 root     [xfs-buf/sda2]
    506       2 root     [xfs-conv/sda2]
    507       2 root     [xfs-cil/sda2]
    508       2 root     [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    509       2 root     [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    510       2 root     [xfs-log/sda2]
    511       2 root     [xfsaild/sda2]
    601       1 root     /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
    635       1 root     /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
    639       2 root     [xfs-buf/sda3]
    640       2 root     [xfs-conv/sda3]
    641       2 root     [xfs-buf/sda1]
    642       2 root     [xfs-cil/sda3]
    643       2 root     [xfs-conv/sda1]
    644       2 root     [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    645       2 root     [xfs-cil/sda1]
    646       2 root     [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    647       2 root     [xfs-reclaim/sda]
    648       2 root     [xfs-log/sda3]
    649       2 root     [xfs-eofblocks/s]
    650       2 root     [xfsaild/sda3]
    651       2 root     [xfs-log/sda1]
    652       2 root     [xfsaild/sda1]
    685       1 root     /sbin/auditd
    718       1 root     /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
    719       1 root     /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
    721       1 root     /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files
    723       1 polkitd  /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
    726       1 dbus     /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only
    728       1 root     /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
    765       1 root     /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes256-cbc,aes128-gcm@open
    767       1 root     /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
    773     721 root     /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
    809     721 root     /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
    837       1 root     /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
    838       1 root     /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
    843       1 root     /usr/sbin/crond -n
    855       1 root     /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
   1302       1 root     /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
   1305    1302 root     (sd-pam)
   9556       2 root     [kworker/u256:0-events_unbound]
  10005       1 root     /usr/sbin/anacron -s
  10186     765 root     sshd: root [priv]
  10188   10186 root     sshd: root@pts/2
  10189   10188 root     -bash
  10224       2 root     [cpuhp/1]
  10225       2 root     [watchdog/1]
  10226       2 root     [migration/1]
  10227       2 root     [ksoftirqd/1]
  10228       2 root     [kworker/1:0-xfs-eofblocks/sda2]
  10229       2 root     [kworker/1:0H-events_highpri]
  10239       2 root     [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]
  10246       2 root     [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
  10247       2 root     [kworker/u257:1-hci0]
  10347       2 root     [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy]
  10449     765 root     sshd: root [priv]
  10451   10449 root     sshd: root@pts/1
  10452   10451 root     -bash
  10481     765 root     sshd: root [priv]
  10483   10481 root     sshd: root@pts/0
  10484   10483 root     -bash
  10507   10484 root     dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
  10539       2 root     [kworker/u256:1-events_unbound]
  10544       2 root     [kworker/0:2-ata_sff]
  10549   10189 root     su - raymond
  10550   10549 raymond  -bash
  10581   10550 root     passwd
  10594       2 root     [kworker/0:3-events]
  10624       2 root     [kworker/0:0-ata_sff]
  10630       2 root     [kworker/0:1-ata_sff]
  10633   10452 root     ps -eo pid,ppid,user,cmd

#自定义格式显示文件系统组,ni值开始时间和进程的时间
[root@rocky8 ~]# echo $BASHPID
10452
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -p 10452 -o pid,ppid,fgroup,ni,lstart,etime
    PID    PPID FGROUP    NI                  STARTED     ELAPSED
  10452   10451 root       0 Sun Oct 31 14:41:16 2021       23:19
  
#使用其PID查找进程名称:
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -p 10452 -o comm=
bash

#要以其名称选择特定进程,显示其所有子进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -C sshd,bash
    PID TTY          TIME CMD
    765 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10186 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10188 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10189 pts/2    00:00:00 bash
  10449 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10451 ?        00:00:30 sshd
  10452 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
  10481 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10483 ?        00:00:00 sshd
  10484 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
  10550 pts/2    00:00:00 bash

#查找指定进程名所有的所属PID,在编写需要从std输出或文件读取PID的脚本时这个参数很有用
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -C httpd,sshd -o pid=
    765
  10186
  10188
  10449
  10451
  10481
  10483

#检查一个进程的执行时间
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -eo comm,etime,user | grep sshd
sshd               02:02:50 root
sshd                  30:42 root
sshd                  30:42 root
sshd                  25:24 root
sshd                  25:24 root
sshd                  25:06 root
sshd                  25:06 root

#排序,查找占用最多内存和CPU的进程
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head
    PID    PPID CMD                         %MEM %CPU
    809     721 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss   5.1  0.0
    767       1 /usr/libexec/platform-pytho  3.7  0.0
    723       1 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd -  3.0  0.0
    728       1 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --  2.2  0.0
    773     721 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be -  1.8  0.0
    721       1 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=  1.7  0.0
    718       1 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s    1.4  0.0
      1       0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  1.4  0.0
    719       1 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            1.2  0.1


[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%cpu | head
    PID    PPID CMD                         %MEM %CPU
  10507   10484 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul  0.1 98.0
  10451   10449 sshd: root@pts/1             0.8  1.9
    719       1 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            1.2  0.1
      1       0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  1.4  0.0
      2       0 [kthreadd]                   0.0  0.0
      3       2 [rcu_gp]                     0.0  0.0
      4       2 [rcu_par_gp]                 0.0  0.0
      6       2 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr  0.0  0.0
      9       2 [mm_percpu_wq]               0.0  0.0

#显示安全信息
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -eM
LABEL                               PID TTY          TIME CMD
-                                     1 ?        00:00:01 systemd
-                                     2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd
-                                     3 ?        00:00:00 rcu_gp
-                                     4 ?        00:00:00 rcu_par_gp
-                                     6 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri
-                                     9 ?        00:00:00 mm_percpu_wq
-                                    10 ?        00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
-                                    11 ?        00:00:00 rcu_sched
-                                    12 ?        00:00:00 migration/0
-                                    13 ?        00:00:00 watchdog/0
-                                    14 ?        00:00:00 cpuhp/0
-                                    16 ?        00:00:00 kdevtmpfs
-                                    17 ?        00:00:00 netns
-                                    18 ?        00:00:00 kauditd
-                                    19 ?        00:00:00 khungtaskd
-                                    20 ?        00:00:00 oom_reaper
-                                    21 ?        00:00:00 writeback
-                                    22 ?        00:00:00 kcompactd0
-                                    23 ?        00:00:00 ksmd
-                                    24 ?        00:00:00 khugepaged
-                                    25 ?        00:00:00 crypto
-                                    26 ?        00:00:00 kintegrityd
-                                    27 ?        00:00:00 kblockd
-                                    28 ?        00:00:00 blkcg_punt_bio
-                                    29 ?        00:00:00 tpm_dev_wq
-                                    30 ?        00:00:00 md
-                                    31 ?        00:00:00 edac-poller
-                                    32 ?        00:00:00 watchdogd
-                                    33 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:1H-xfs-log/sda2
-                                    61 ?        00:00:00 kswapd0
-                                   154 ?        00:00:00 kthrotld
-                                   155 ?        00:00:00 irq/24-pciehp
-                                   156 ?        00:00:00 irq/25-pciehp
-                                   157 ?        00:00:00 irq/26-pciehp
-                                   158 ?        00:00:00 irq/27-pciehp
-                                   159 ?        00:00:00 irq/28-pciehp
-                                   160 ?        00:00:00 irq/29-pciehp
-                                   161 ?        00:00:00 irq/30-pciehp
-                                   162 ?        00:00:00 irq/31-pciehp
-                                   163 ?        00:00:00 irq/32-pciehp
-                                   164 ?        00:00:00 irq/33-pciehp
-                                   165 ?        00:00:00 irq/34-pciehp
-                                   166 ?        00:00:00 irq/35-pciehp
-                                   167 ?        00:00:00 irq/36-pciehp
-                                   168 ?        00:00:00 irq/37-pciehp
-                                   169 ?        00:00:00 irq/38-pciehp
-                                   170 ?        00:00:00 irq/39-pciehp
-                                   171 ?        00:00:00 irq/40-pciehp
-                                   172 ?        00:00:00 irq/41-pciehp
-                                   173 ?        00:00:00 irq/42-pciehp
-                                   174 ?        00:00:00 irq/43-pciehp
-                                   175 ?        00:00:00 irq/44-pciehp
-                                   176 ?        00:00:00 irq/45-pciehp
-                                   177 ?        00:00:00 irq/46-pciehp
-                                   178 ?        00:00:00 irq/47-pciehp
-                                   179 ?        00:00:00 irq/48-pciehp
-                                   180 ?        00:00:00 irq/49-pciehp
-                                   181 ?        00:00:00 irq/50-pciehp
-                                   182 ?        00:00:00 irq/51-pciehp
-                                   183 ?        00:00:00 irq/52-pciehp
-                                   184 ?        00:00:00 irq/53-pciehp
-                                   185 ?        00:00:00 irq/54-pciehp
-                                   186 ?        00:00:00 irq/55-pciehp
-                                   187 ?        00:00:00 acpi_thermal_pm
-                                   188 ?        00:00:00 kmpath_rdacd
-                                   189 ?        00:00:00 kaluad
-                                   190 ?        00:00:00 ipv6_addrconf
-                                   191 ?        00:00:00 kstrp
-                                   448 ?        00:00:00 mpt_poll_0
-                                   449 ?        00:00:00 ata_sff
-                                   450 ?        00:00:00 mpt/0
-                                   451 ?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_0
-                                   452 ?        00:00:00 scsi_tmf_0
-                                   453 ?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_1
-                                   454 ?        00:00:00 scsi_tmf_1
-                                   459 ?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_2
-                                   460 ?        00:00:00 scsi_tmf_2
-                                   468 ?        00:00:00 irq/16-vmwgfx
-                                   470 ?        00:00:00 ttm_swap
-                                   471 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc0
-                                   472 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc1
-                                   473 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc2
-                                   474 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc3
-                                   475 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc4
-                                   476 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc5
-                                   477 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc6
-                                   478 ?        00:00:00 card0-crtc7
-                                   503 ?        00:00:00 xfsalloc
-                                   504 ?        00:00:00 xfs_mru_cache
-                                   505 ?        00:00:00 xfs-buf/sda2
-                                   506 ?        00:00:00 xfs-conv/sda2
-                                   507 ?        00:00:00 xfs-cil/sda2
-                                   508 ?        00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/sda
-                                   509 ?        00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/s
-                                   510 ?        00:00:00 xfs-log/sda2
-                                   511 ?        00:00:00 xfsaild/sda2
-                                   601 ?        00:00:00 systemd-journal
-                                   635 ?        00:00:00 systemd-udevd
-                                   639 ?        00:00:00 xfs-buf/sda3
-                                   640 ?        00:00:00 xfs-conv/sda3
-                                   641 ?        00:00:00 xfs-buf/sda1
-                                   642 ?        00:00:00 xfs-cil/sda3
-                                   643 ?        00:00:00 xfs-conv/sda1
-                                   644 ?        00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/sda
-                                   645 ?        00:00:00 xfs-cil/sda1
-                                   646 ?        00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/s
-                                   647 ?        00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/sda
-                                   648 ?        00:00:00 xfs-log/sda3
-                                   649 ?        00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/s
-                                   650 ?        00:00:00 xfsaild/sda3
-                                   651 ?        00:00:00 xfs-log/sda1
-                                   652 ?        00:00:00 xfsaild/sda1
-                                   685 ?        00:00:00 auditd
-                                   718 ?        00:00:00 VGAuthService
-                                   719 ?        00:00:08 vmtoolsd
-                                   721 ?        00:00:00 sssd
-                                   723 ?        00:00:00 polkitd
-                                   726 ?        00:00:00 dbus-daemon
-                                   728 ?        00:00:00 NetworkManager
-                                   765 ?        00:00:00 sshd
-                                   767 ?        00:00:01 tuned
-                                   773 ?        00:00:00 sssd_be
-                                   809 ?        00:00:00 sssd_nss
-                                   837 ?        00:00:00 rsyslogd
-                                   838 ?        00:00:00 systemd-logind
-                                   843 ?        00:00:00 crond
-                                   855 tty1     00:00:00 agetty
-                                  1302 ?        00:00:00 systemd
-                                  1305 ?        00:00:00 (sd-pam)
-                                  9556 ?        00:00:02 kworker/u256:0-events_unbound
-                                 10005 ?        00:00:00 anacron
-                                 10186 ?        00:00:00 sshd
-                                 10188 ?        00:00:00 sshd
-                                 10189 pts/2    00:00:00 bash
-                                 10224 ?        00:00:00 cpuhp/1
-                                 10225 ?        00:00:00 watchdog/1
-                                 10226 ?        00:00:00 migration/1
-                                 10227 ?        00:00:00 ksoftirqd/1
-                                 10228 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:0-xfs-eofblocks/sda2
-                                 10229 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:0H-events_highpri
-                                 10239 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:1H-kblockd
-                                 10246 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u257:0-hci0
-                                 10247 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u257:1-hci0
-                                 10347 ?        00:00:00 kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy
-                                 10449 ?        00:00:00 sshd
-                                 10451 ?        00:00:30 sshd
-                                 10452 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
-                                 10481 ?        00:00:00 sshd
-                                 10483 ?        00:00:00 sshd
-                                 10484 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
-                                 10507 pts/0    00:25:35 dd
-                                 10539 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u256:1-events_unbound
-                                 10544 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:2-ata_sff
-                                 10549 pts/2    00:00:00 su
-                                 10550 pts/2    00:00:00 bash
-                                 10581 pts/2    00:00:00 passwd
-                                 10594 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:3-events
-                                 10630 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:1-ata_sff
-                                 10645 pts/1    00:00:00 ps

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps --context
    PID CONTEXT                         COMMAND
  10452 -                               -bash
  10646 -                               ps --context

#使用以下命令以用户定义的格式显示安全信息
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
EUSER    RUSER    SUSER    FUSER    F COMMAND         LABEL
root     root     root     root     4 systemd         -
root     root     root     root     1 kthreadd        -
root     root     root     root     1 rcu_gp          -
root     root     root     root     1 rcu_par_gp      -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/0:0H-ev -
root     root     root     root     1 mm_percpu_wq    -
root     root     root     root     1 ksoftirqd/0     -
root     root     root     root     1 rcu_sched       -
root     root     root     root     1 migration/0     -
root     root     root     root     5 watchdog/0      -
root     root     root     root     1 cpuhp/0         -
root     root     root     root     5 kdevtmpfs       -
root     root     root     root     1 netns           -
root     root     root     root     1 kauditd         -
root     root     root     root     1 khungtaskd      -
root     root     root     root     1 oom_reaper      -
root     root     root     root     1 writeback       -
root     root     root     root     1 kcompactd0      -
root     root     root     root     1 ksmd            -
root     root     root     root     1 khugepaged      -
root     root     root     root     1 crypto          -
root     root     root     root     1 kintegrityd     -
root     root     root     root     1 kblockd         -
root     root     root     root     1 blkcg_punt_bio  -
root     root     root     root     1 tpm_dev_wq      -
root     root     root     root     1 md              -
root     root     root     root     1 edac-poller     -
root     root     root     root     1 watchdogd       -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/0:1H-kb -
root     root     root     root     1 kswapd0         -
root     root     root     root     1 kthrotld        -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/24-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/25-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/26-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/27-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/28-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/29-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/30-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/31-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/32-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/33-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/34-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/35-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/36-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/37-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/38-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/39-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/40-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/41-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/42-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/43-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/44-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/45-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/46-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/47-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/48-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/49-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/50-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/51-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/52-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/53-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/54-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/55-pciehp   -
root     root     root     root     1 acpi_thermal_pm -
root     root     root     root     1 kmpath_rdacd    -
root     root     root     root     1 kaluad          -
root     root     root     root     1 ipv6_addrconf   -
root     root     root     root     1 kstrp           -
root     root     root     root     1 mpt_poll_0      -
root     root     root     root     1 ata_sff         -
root     root     root     root     1 mpt/0           -
root     root     root     root     1 scsi_eh_0       -
root     root     root     root     1 scsi_tmf_0      -
root     root     root     root     1 scsi_eh_1       -
root     root     root     root     1 scsi_tmf_1      -
root     root     root     root     1 scsi_eh_2       -
root     root     root     root     1 scsi_tmf_2      -
root     root     root     root     1 irq/16-vmwgfx   -
root     root     root     root     1 ttm_swap        -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc0     -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc1     -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc2     -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc3     -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc4     -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc5     -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc6     -
root     root     root     root     1 card0-crtc7     -
root     root     root     root     1 xfsalloc        -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs_mru_cache   -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-buf/sda2    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-conv/sda2   -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-cil/sda2    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-reclaim/sda -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-eofblocks/s -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-log/sda2    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfsaild/sda2    -
root     root     root     root     4 systemd-journal -
root     root     root     root     4 systemd-udevd   -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-buf/sda3    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-conv/sda3   -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-buf/sda1    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-cil/sda3    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-conv/sda1   -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-reclaim/sda -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-cil/sda1    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-eofblocks/s -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-reclaim/sda -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-log/sda3    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-eofblocks/s -
root     root     root     root     1 xfsaild/sda3    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfs-log/sda1    -
root     root     root     root     1 xfsaild/sda1    -
root     root     root     root     5 auditd          -
root     root     root     root     4 VGAuthService   -
root     root     root     root     4 vmtoolsd        -
root     root     root     root     4 sssd            -
polkitd  polkitd  polkitd  polkitd  4 polkitd         -
dbus     dbus     dbus     dbus     4 dbus-daemon     -
root     root     root     root     4 NetworkManager  -
root     root     root     root     4 sshd            -
root     root     root     root     4 tuned           -
root     root     root     root     4 sssd_be         -
root     root     root     root     4 sssd_nss        -
root     root     root     root     4 rsyslogd        -
root     root     root     root     4 systemd-logind  -
root     root     root     root     4 crond           -
root     root     root     root     4 agetty          -
root     root     root     root     4 systemd         -
root     root     root     root     5 (sd-pam)        -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/u256:0- -
root     root     root     root     1 anacron         -
root     root     root     root     4 sshd            -
root     root     root     root     5 sshd            -
root     root     root     root     0 bash            -
root     root     root     root     1 cpuhp/1         -
root     root     root     root     5 watchdog/1      -
root     root     root     root     1 migration/1     -
root     root     root     root     1 ksoftirqd/1     -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/1:0-xfs -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/1:0H-ev -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/1:1H-kb -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/u257:0- -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/u257:1- -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/1:3-cgr -
root     root     root     root     4 sshd            -
root     root     root     root     5 sshd            -
root     root     root     root     0 bash            -
root     root     root     root     4 sshd            -
root     root     root     root     5 sshd            -
root     root     root     root     0 bash            -
root     root     root     root     0 dd              -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/u256:1- -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/0:2-ata -
root     root     root     root     4 su              -
raymond  raymond  raymond  raymond  4 bash            -
root     raymond  root     root     4 passwd          -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/0:3-eve -
root     root     root     root     1 kworker/0:1-ata -
root     root     root     root     0 ps              -

#使用watch实用程序执行重复的输出以实现对就程进行实时的监视,如下面的命令显示每秒钟的监视
[root@rocky8 ~]# watch -n 1 'ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head'
Every 1.0s: ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head                                                  rocky8: Sun Oct 31 15:08:58 2021

    PID    PPID CMD                         %MEM %CPU
    809     721 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss   5.1  0.0
    767       1 /usr/libexec/platform-pytho  3.7  0.0
    723       1 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd -  3.0  0.0
    728       1 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --  2.2  0.0
    773     721 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be -  1.8  0.0
    721       1 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=  1.7  0.0
    718       1 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s    1.4  0.0
      1       0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --  1.4  0.0
    719       1 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd            1.2  0.1

面试题:找到未知进程的执行程序文件路径

[root@rocky8 ~]# echo $BASHPID
10452
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls -l /proc/10452/exe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 31 14:59 /proc/10452/exe -> /usr/bin/bash

范例:查看优先级和CPU绑定关系

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,ni,pri,psr,rtprio |grep migration
     12 [migration/0]                 - 139   0     99
  10226 [migration/1]                 - 139   1     99
  10675 grep --color=auto migration   0  19   0      -

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,ni,pri,psr |grep dd
      2 [kthreadd]                    0  19   0
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]             -20  39   0
  10507 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul   0  19   1
  10677 grep --color=auto dd          0  19   0

范例:实现进程和CPU的绑定

[root@rocky8 ~]# taskset --help
Usage: taskset [options] [mask | cpu-list] [pid|cmd [args...]]


Show or change the CPU affinity of a process.

Options:
 -a, --all-tasks         operate on all the tasks (threads) for a given pid
 -p, --pid               operate on existing given pid
 -c, --cpu-list          display and specify cpus in list format
 -h, --help              display this help
 -V, --version           display version

The default behavior is to run a new command:
    taskset 03 sshd -b 1024
You can retrieve the mask of an existing task:
    taskset -p 700
Or set it:
    taskset -p 03 700
List format uses a comma-separated list instead of a mask:
    taskset -pc 0,3,7-11 700
Ranges in list format can take a stride argument:
    e.g. 0-31:2 is equivalent to mask 0x55555555

For more details see taskset(1).

2.3 查看进程信息prtstat

可以显示进程信息,来自于psmisc包

格式:

prtstat [options] PID ...

选项:

-r raw 格式显示

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# prtstat 1
Process: systemd       		State: S (sleeping)
  CPU#:  0  		TTY: 0:0	Threads: 1
Process, Group and Session IDs
  Process ID: 1		  Parent ID: 0
    Group ID: 1		 Session ID: 1
  T Group ID: -1

Page Faults
  This Process    (minor major):    11337       112
  Child Processes (minor major):   843240       193
CPU Times
  This Process    (user system guest blkio):   0.19   1.55   0.00   0.12
  Child processes (user system guest):         5.59   6.46   0.00
Memory
  Vsize:       188 MB    
  RSS:         11 MB      		 RSS Limit: 18446744073709 MB
  Code Start:  0x55b2f93c0000		 Code Stop:  0x55b2f9501359
  Stack Start: 0x7ffc98741540
  Stack Pointer (ESP):          0	 Inst Pointer (EIP):          0
Scheduling
  Policy: normal
  Nice:   0 		 RT Priority: 0 (non RT)

[root@rocky8 ~]# prtstat -r 1
         pid: 1              	                  comm: systemd
       state: S              	                  ppid: 0
        pgrp: 1              	               session: 1
      tty_nr: 0              	                 tpgid: -1
       flags: 400100         	                minflt: 11337
     cminflt: 843240         	                majflt: 112
     cmajflt: 193            	                 utime: 19
       stime: 155            	                cutime: 559
      cstime: 646            	              priority: 20
        nice: 0              	           num_threads: 1
 itrealvalue: 0              	             starttime: 1
       vsize: 188145664      	                   rss: 2852
      rsslim: 18446744073709551615	             startcode: 94227173998592
     endcode: 94227175314265 	            startstack: 140722866230592
     kstkesp: 0              	               kstkeip: 0
       wchan: 1              	                 nswap: 0
      cnswap: 1              	           exit_signal: 17
   processor: 0              	           rt_priority: 0
      policy: 0              	 delayaccr_blkio_ticks: 12
  guest_time: 0              	           cguest_time: 0

2.4 设置和调整进程优先级

进程优先级调整

  • 静态优先级:100-139
  • 进程默认启动时的nice值为0,优先级为120
  • 只有根用户才能降低nice值(提高优先性)

nice命令

以指定的优先级来启动进程

nice [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]

  -n, --adjustment=N   add integer N to the niceness (default 10)

renice命令

可以调整正在执行中的进程的优先级

renice [-n] priority pid...

查看

ps axo pid,comm,ni

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# nice -n -5 ping 127.0.0.1 #nice -n  指定优先级
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.026 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.027 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.027 ms
...

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,nice |grep ping
  10725 ping 127.0.0.1               -5
  10727 grep --color=auto ping        0

[root@rocky8 ~]# prtstat 10725
Process: ping          		State: S (sleeping)
  CPU#:  0  		TTY: 136:1	Threads: 1
Process, Group and Session IDs
  Process ID: 10725		  Parent ID: 10452
    Group ID: 10725		 Session ID: 10452
  T Group ID: 10725

Page Faults
  This Process    (minor major):      289         0
  Child Processes (minor major):        0         0
CPU Times
  This Process    (user system guest blkio):   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00
  Child processes (user system guest):         0.00   0.00   0.00
Memory
  Vsize:       33 MB     
  RSS:         2433 kB    		 RSS Limit: 18446744073709 MB
  Code Start:  0x55a1bc407000		 Code Stop:  0x55a1bc414f28
  Stack Start: 0x7ffdec551ec0
  Stack Pointer (ESP):          0	 Inst Pointer (EIP):          0
Scheduling
  Policy: normal
  Nice:   -5 		 RT Priority: -5 (non RT)

[root@rocky8 ~]# renice -n 19 10725 #更改优先级
10725 (process ID) old priority -5, new priority 19
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,nice |grep ping
  10725 ping 127.0.0.1               19
  10732 grep --color=auto ping        0

[root@rocky8 ~]# renice -n 25 10725
10725 (process ID) old priority 19, new priority 19
[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,nice |grep ping
  10725 ping 127.0.0.1               19
  10735 grep --color=auto ping        0
#nice优先级不能超过19

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,nice,pri,rtprio
    PID CMD                          NI PRI RTPRIO
      1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --   0  19      -
      2 [kthreadd]                    0  19      -
      3 [rcu_gp]                    -20  39      -
      4 [rcu_par_gp]                -20  39      -
      6 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpr -20  39      -
      9 [mm_percpu_wq]              -20  39      -
     10 [ksoftirqd/0]                 0  19      -
     11 [rcu_sched]                   0  19      -
     12 [migration/0]                 - 139     99
     13 [watchdog/0]                  - 139     99
     14 [cpuhp/0]                     0  19      -
     16 [kdevtmpfs]                   0  19      -
     17 [netns]                     -20  39      -
     18 [kauditd]                     0  19      -
     19 [khungtaskd]                  0  19      -
     20 [oom_reaper]                  0  19      -
     21 [writeback]                 -20  39      -
     22 [kcompactd0]                  0  19      -
     23 [ksmd]                        5  14      -
     24 [khugepaged]                 19   0      -
     25 [crypto]                    -20  39      -
     26 [kintegrityd]               -20  39      -
     27 [kblockd]                   -20  39      -
     28 [blkcg_punt_bio]            -20  39      -
     29 [tpm_dev_wq]                -20  39      -
     30 [md]                        -20  39      -
     31 [edac-poller]               -20  39      -
     32 [watchdogd]                   - 139     99
     33 [kworker/0:1H-kblockd]      -20  39      -
     61 [kswapd0]                     0  19      -
    154 [kthrotld]                  -20  39      -
    155 [irq/24-pciehp]               -  90     50
    156 [irq/25-pciehp]               -  90     50
    157 [irq/26-pciehp]               -  90     50
    158 [irq/27-pciehp]               -  90     50
    159 [irq/28-pciehp]               -  90     50
    160 [irq/29-pciehp]               -  90     50
    161 [irq/30-pciehp]               -  90     50
    162 [irq/31-pciehp]               -  90     50
    163 [irq/32-pciehp]               -  90     50
    164 [irq/33-pciehp]               -  90     50
    165 [irq/34-pciehp]               -  90     50
    166 [irq/35-pciehp]               -  90     50
    167 [irq/36-pciehp]               -  90     50
    168 [irq/37-pciehp]               -  90     50
    169 [irq/38-pciehp]               -  90     50
    170 [irq/39-pciehp]               -  90     50
    171 [irq/40-pciehp]               -  90     50
    172 [irq/41-pciehp]               -  90     50
    173 [irq/42-pciehp]               -  90     50
    174 [irq/43-pciehp]               -  90     50
    175 [irq/44-pciehp]               -  90     50
    176 [irq/45-pciehp]               -  90     50
    177 [irq/46-pciehp]               -  90     50
    178 [irq/47-pciehp]               -  90     50
    179 [irq/48-pciehp]               -  90     50
    180 [irq/49-pciehp]               -  90     50
    181 [irq/50-pciehp]               -  90     50
    182 [irq/51-pciehp]               -  90     50
    183 [irq/52-pciehp]               -  90     50
    184 [irq/53-pciehp]               -  90     50
    185 [irq/54-pciehp]               -  90     50
    186 [irq/55-pciehp]               -  90     50
    187 [acpi_thermal_pm]           -20  39      -
    188 [kmpath_rdacd]              -20  39      -
    189 [kaluad]                    -20  39      -
    190 [ipv6_addrconf]             -20  39      -
    191 [kstrp]                     -20  39      -
    448 [mpt_poll_0]                -20  39      -
    449 [ata_sff]                   -20  39      -
    450 [mpt/0]                     -20  39      -
    451 [scsi_eh_0]                   0  19      -
    452 [scsi_tmf_0]                -20  39      -
    453 [scsi_eh_1]                   0  19      -
    454 [scsi_tmf_1]                -20  39      -
    459 [scsi_eh_2]                   0  19      -
    460 [scsi_tmf_2]                -20  39      -
    468 [irq/16-vmwgfx]               -  90     50
    470 [ttm_swap]                  -20  39      -
    471 [card0-crtc0]                 -  90     50
    472 [card0-crtc1]                 -  90     50
    473 [card0-crtc2]                 -  90     50
    474 [card0-crtc3]                 -  90     50
    475 [card0-crtc4]                 -  90     50
    476 [card0-crtc5]                 -  90     50
    477 [card0-crtc6]                 -  90     50
    478 [card0-crtc7]                 -  90     50
    503 [xfsalloc]                  -20  39      -
    504 [xfs_mru_cache]             -20  39      -
    505 [xfs-buf/sda2]              -20  39      -
    506 [xfs-conv/sda2]             -20  39      -
    507 [xfs-cil/sda2]              -20  39      -
    508 [xfs-reclaim/sda]           -20  39      -
    509 [xfs-eofblocks/s]           -20  39      -
    510 [xfs-log/sda2]              -20  39      -
    511 [xfsaild/sda2]                0  19      -
    601 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-jo   0  19      -
    635 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud   0  19      -
    639 [xfs-buf/sda3]              -20  39      -
    640 [xfs-conv/sda3]             -20  39      -
    641 [xfs-buf/sda1]              -20  39      -
    642 [xfs-cil/sda3]              -20  39      -
    643 [xfs-conv/sda1]             -20  39      -
    644 [xfs-reclaim/sda]           -20  39      -
    645 [xfs-cil/sda1]              -20  39      -
    646 [xfs-eofblocks/s]           -20  39      -
    647 [xfs-reclaim/sda]           -20  39      -
    648 [xfs-log/sda3]              -20  39      -
    649 [xfs-eofblocks/s]           -20  39      -
    650 [xfsaild/sda3]                0  19      -
    651 [xfs-log/sda1]              -20  39      -
    652 [xfsaild/sda1]                0  19      -
    685 /sbin/auditd                 -4  23      -
    718 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s     0  19      -
    719 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd             0  19      -
    721 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=   0  19      -
    723 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd -   0  19      -
    726 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --syst   0  19      -
    728 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --   0  19      -
    765 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers   0  19      -
    767 /usr/libexec/platform-pytho   0  19      -
    773 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be -   0  19      -
    809 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss    0  19      -
    837 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n         0  19      -
    838 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-lo   0  19      -
    843 /usr/sbin/crond -n            0  19      -
    855 /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --   0  19      -
   1302 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --   0  19      -
   1305 (sd-pam)                      0  19      -
   9556 [kworker/u256:0-events_unbo   0  19      -
  10186 sshd: root [priv]             0  19      -
  10188 sshd: root@pts/2              0  19      -
  10189 -bash                         0  19      -
  10224 [cpuhp/1]                     0  19      -
  10225 [watchdog/1]                  - 139     99
  10226 [migration/1]                 - 139     99
  10227 [ksoftirqd/1]                 0  19      -
  10228 [kworker/1:0-mm_percpu_wq]    0  19      -
  10229 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpr -20  39      -
  10239 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]      -20  39      -
  10246 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]       -20  39      -
  10247 [kworker/u257:1-hci0]       -20  39      -
  10347 [kworker/1:3-cgroup_destroy   0  19      -
  10449 sshd: root [priv]             0  19      -
  10451 sshd: root@pts/1              0  19      -
  10452 -bash                         0  19      -
  10481 sshd: root [priv]             0  19      -
  10483 sshd: root@pts/0              0  19      -
  10484 -bash                         0  19      -
  10539 [kworker/u256:1-events_unbo   0  19      -
  10549 su - raymond                  0  19      -
  10550 -bash                         0  19      -
  10581 passwd                        0  19      -
  10690 [kworker/0:1-events]          0  19      -
  10704 vim anaconda-ks.cfg           0  19      -
  10720 [kworker/0:2-ata_sff]         0  19      -
  10725 ping 127.0.0.1               19   0      -
  10729 [kworker/0:0-ata_sff]         0  19      -
  10736 ps axo pid,cmd,nice,pri,rtp   0  19      -

[root@rocky8 ~]# man ps
...
       pri         PRI       priority of the process.  Higher number means lower priority.

2.5 搜索进程

按条件搜索进程

  • ps 选项 | grep ‘pattern’ 灵活
  • pgrep 按预定义的模式
  • /sbin/pidof 按确切的程序名称查看pid

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps aux |grep bash
root       10189  0.0  0.4  26244  3884 pts/2    Ss   14:35   0:00 -bash
root       10452  0.0  0.4  26244  4000 pts/1    Ss   14:41   0:00 -bash
root       10484  0.0  0.4  26244  3900 pts/0    Ss   14:41   0:00 -bash
raymond    10550  0.0  0.4  24120  3872 pts/2    S    14:51   0:00 -bash
root       10762  0.0  0.1  12136  1044 pts/0    S+   16:47   0:00 grep --color=auto bash

2.5.1 pgrep

命令格式

pgrep [options] pattern

常用选项

-u uid: effective user,生效者
-U uid: real user,真正发起运行命令者
-t terminal: 与指定终端相关的进程
-l: 显示进程名
-a: 显示完整格式的进程名
-P pid: 显示指定进程的子进程

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep --help

Usage:
 pgrep [options] <pattern>

Options:
 -d, --delimiter <string>  specify output delimiter
 -l, --list-name           list PID and process name
 -a, --list-full           list PID and full command line
 -v, --inverse             negates the matching
 -w, --lightweight         list all TID
 -c, --count               count of matching processes
 -f, --full                use full process name to match
 -g, --pgroup <PGID,...>   match listed process group IDs
 -G, --group <GID,...>     match real group IDs
 -i, --ignore-case         match case insensitively
 -n, --newest              select most recently started
 -o, --oldest              select least recently started
 -P, --parent <PPID,...>   match only child processes of the given parent
 -s, --session <SID,...>   match session IDs
 -t, --terminal <tty,...>  match by controlling terminal
 -u, --euid <ID,...>       match by effective IDs
 -U, --uid <ID,...>        match by real IDs
 -x, --exact               match exactly with the command name
 -F, --pidfile <file>      read PIDs from file
 -L, --logpidfile          fail if PID file is not locked
 --ns <PID>                match the processes that belong to the same
                           namespace as <pid>
 --nslist <ns,...>         list which namespaces will be considered for
                           the --ns option.
                           Available namespaces: ipc, mnt, net, pid, user, uts

 -h, --help     display this help and exit
 -V, --version  output version information and exit

For more details see pgrep(1).

[root@rocky8 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep dd
2
190
28954
[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -a dd
2 kthreadd
190 ipv6_addrconf
28954 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -a ^dd
28954 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null

[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -u raymond
[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -U raymond

[root@rocky8 ~]# su - raymond
Last login: Sun Oct 31 14:51:21 CST 2021 on pts/2

[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -u raymond
10770
[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -U raymond
10770

[raymond@rocky8 ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user raymond.
Current password: 

[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -au raymond #u  有效用户
10770 -bash
[root@rocky8 ~]# pgrep -aU raymond #U	真正用户
10770 -bash
10799 passwd

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,ruser,euser
...
  10769 su - raymond                root     root
  10770 -bash                       raymond  raymond
  10799 passwd                      raymond  root
  10802 [kworker/0:3]               root     root
  10803 ps axo pid,cmd,ruser,euser  root     root

[raymond@rocky8 ~]$ tty
/dev/pts/0

[raymond@rocky8 ~]$ pgrep -t pts/0
10484
10769
10770
[raymond@rocky8 ~]$ pgrep -at pts/0
10484 -bash
10769 su - raymond
10770 -bash

2.5.2 pidof

命令格式

pidof [options] [program [...]]

常用选项:

-x 按脚本名称查找pid

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# pidof bash
10770 10484 10452 10189

[root@rocky8 ~]# vim test.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#**********************************************************************************************
#Author:        Raymond
#QQ:            88563128
#Date:          2021-10-31
#FileName:      test.sh
#URL:           raymond.blog.csdn.net
#Description:   The test script
#Copyright (C): 2021 All rights reserved
#*********************************************************************************************
sleep 100

[root@rocky8 ~]# chmod +x test.sh
[root@rocky8 ~]# ./test.sh

[root@rocky8 ~]# pidof test.sh
[root@rocky8 ~]# pidof -x test.sh
10811

[root@rocky8 ~]# ps aux |grep bash
root       10189  0.0  0.4  26244  3884 pts/2    Ss   14:35   0:00 -bash
root       10452  0.0  0.4  26244  4000 pts/1    Ss   14:41   0:00 -bash
root       10484  0.0  0.4  26244  3900 pts/0    Ss   14:41   0:00 -bash
raymond    10770  0.0  0.4  24120  3952 pts/0    S+   16:49   0:00 -bash
root       10811  0.0  0.3  12724  2948 pts/1    S+   16:55   0:00 /bin/bash ./test.sh
root       10816  0.0  0.1  12136  1140 pts/2    S+   16:56   0:00 grep --color=auto bash

2.6 负载查询 uptime

/proc/uptime 包括两个值,单位 s

  • 系统启动时长
  • 空闲进程的总时长(按总的CPU核数计算)

uptime 和 w 显示以下内容

  • 当前时间
  • 系统已启动的时间
  • 当前上线人数
  • 系统平均负载(1、5、15分钟的平均负载,一般不会超过1,超过5时建议警报)

系统平均负载: 指在特定时间间隔内运行队列中的平均进程数,通常每个CPU内核的当前活动进程数不大于3,那么系统的性能良好。如果每个CPU内核的任务数大于5,那么此主机的性能有严重问题

如:linux主机是1个双核CPU,当Load Average 为6的时候说明机器已经被充分使用

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# cat /proc/uptime
14042.49 14304.52

[root@rocky8 ~]# echo 14042/60|bc
234

[root@rocky8 ~]# uptime
 16:58:47 up  3:55,  3 users,  load average: 0.06, 0.03, 0.18

2.7 显示CPU相关统计 mpstat

来自于sysstat包

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# mpstat
-bash: mpstat: command not found
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf provides mpstat
Last metadata expiration check: 3:03:05 ago on Sun 31 Oct 2021 01:57:28 PM CST.
sysstat-11.7.3-5.el8.x86_64 : Collection of performance monitoring tools for Linux
Repo        : AppStream
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/mpstat

[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install sysstat

[root@rocky8 ~]#  mpstat
Linux 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8_4.x86_64 (rocky8) 	10/31/2021 	_x86_64_	(2 CPU)

05:01:01 PM  CPU    %usr   %nice    %sys %iowait    %irq   %soft  %steal  %guest  %gnice   %idle
05:01:01 PM  all    7.54    0.01   26.73    0.01    0.27    1.07    0.00    0.00    0.00   64.37
#%usr  用户空间CPU占用多少    %nice  优先级   %sys 内核空间占用多少   %iowait  IO等待    %irq  硬中断      %soft  软中断     %steal   被盗取时间(虚拟机)  %guest  宾客(虚拟CPU)	%gnice  niceguset(虚拟机)    %idle  空闲

[root@rocky8 ~]# mpstat 1 #一秒观察一次
Linux 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8_4.x86_64 (rocky8) 	10/31/2021 	_x86_64_	(2 CPU)

05:01:39 PM  CPU    %usr   %nice    %sys %iowait    %irq   %soft  %steal  %guest  %gnice   %idle
05:01:40 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
05:01:41 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.50    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.50
05:01:42 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
05:01:43 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
05:01:44 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
05:01:45 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
05:01:46 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.50    0.00    0.50    0.50    0.00    0.00    0.00   98.51
05:01:47 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
05:01:48 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
^C
Average:     all    0.00    0.00    0.11    0.00    0.06    0.06    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.78

[root@rocky8 ~]# mpstat 1 3 #一秒观察一次,3次退出
Linux 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8_4.x86_64 (rocky8) 	10/31/2021 	_x86_64_	(2 CPU)

05:02:17 PM  CPU    %usr   %nice    %sys %iowait    %irq   %soft  %steal  %guest  %gnice   %idle
05:02:18 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
05:02:19 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.50    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.50
05:02:20 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.50    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.50
Average:     all    0.00    0.00    0.17    0.00    0.00    0.17    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.67

2.8 查看进程实时状态 top

50.第十一章 进程和计划任务(二)
top 提供动态的实时进程状态

有许多内置命令

帮助:h 或 ? ,按 q 或esc 退出帮助

排序:
P:以占据的CPU百分比,%CPU
M:占据内存百分比,%MEM
T:累积占据CPU时长,TIME+

首部信息显示:
uptime信息:l命令
tasks及cpu信息:t命令
cpu分别显示:1 (数字)
memory信息:m命令

退出命令:q
修改刷新时间间隔:s
终止指定进程:k
保存文件:W

top命令栏位信息简介

us:用户空间
sy:内核空间
ni:调整nice时间
id:空闲
wa:等待IO时间
hi:硬中断
si:软中断(模式切换)
st:虚拟机偷走的时间

top选项:

-d # 指定刷新时间间隔,默认为3秒
-b 全部显示所有进程
-n # 刷新多少次后退出
-H 线程模式

示例:

top -H -p `pidof mysqld`

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# top
top - 17:08:02 up  4:04,  3 users,  load average: 0.01, 0.00, 0.08
Tasks: 159 total,   1 running, 157 sleeping,   1 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :    782.4 total,    159.0 free,    209.1 used,    414.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2047.7 free,      0.3 used.    441.4 avail Mem 

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
    767 root      20   0  414624  30068  14780 S   0.4   3.8   0:01.98 tuned                                                                  
      1 root      20   0  184004  11740   8964 S   0.0   1.5   0:01.94 systemd                                                                
      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                               
      3 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_gp                                                                 
      4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_par_gp                                                             
      6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri                                            
      9 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq                                                           
     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.23 ksoftirqd/0                                                            
     11 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:01.65 rcu_sched                                                              
     12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                            
     13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/0                                                             
     14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 cpuhp/0                                                                
     16 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                              
     17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                  
     18 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kauditd                                                                
     19 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd                                                             
     20 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 oom_reaper                                                             
     21 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 writeback                                                              
     22 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kcompactd0                                                             
     23 root      25   5       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 ksmd 
#PR  top 优先级   NI  nice优先级    VIRT  虚拟内存    RES  实际物理内存    SHR	共享内存    S  状态    %CPU  CPU利用率  %MEM  内存利用率    TIME+ 	运行时间   COMMAND  命令

[root@rocky8 ~]# top
top - 17:08:49 up  4:05,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.08
Tasks: 159 total,   1 running, 157 sleeping,   1 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu0  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.6 id,  0.0 wa,  0.4 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu1  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :    782.4 total,    159.3 free,    208.9 used,    414.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2047.7 free,      0.3 used.    441.7 avail Mem 

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
      1 root      20   0  184004  11740   8964 S   0.0   1.5   0:01.94 systemd                                                                
      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                               
      3 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_gp                                                                 
      4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_par_gp                                                             
      6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri                                            
      9 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq                                                           
     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.23 ksoftirqd/0                                                            
     11 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:01.65 rcu_sched                                                              
     12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                            
     13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/0                                                             
     14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 cpuhp/0                                                                
     16 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                              
     17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                  
     18 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kauditd                                                                
     19 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd                                                             
     20 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 oom_reaper                                                             
     21 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 writeback                                                              
     22 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kcompactd0                                                             
     23 root      25   5       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 ksmd
#按1,显示多个CPU

[root@rocky8 ~]# top
Tasks: 159 total,   2 running, 156 sleeping,   1 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.3 id,  0.0 wa,  0.7 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :    782.4 total,    159.5 free,    208.6 used,    414.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2047.7 free,      0.3 used.    441.9 avail Mem 

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
  11849 root      20   0   65428   4388   3752 R   1.4   0.5   0:00.01 top                                                                    
      1 root      20   0  184004  11740   8964 S   0.0   1.5   0:01.94 systemd                                                                
      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                               
      3 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_gp                                                                 
      4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_par_gp                                                             
      6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri                                            
      9 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq                                                           
     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.23 ksoftirqd/0                                                            
     11 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:01.66 rcu_sched                                                              
     12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                            
     13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/0                                                             
     14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 cpuhp/0                                                                
     16 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                              
     17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                  
     18 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kauditd                                                                
     19 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd                                                             
     20 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 oom_reaper                                                             
     21 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 writeback                                                              
     22 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kcompactd0                                                             
     23 root      25   5       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 ksmd                                                                   
     24 root      39  19       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.13 khugepaged
#l   隐藏uptime 显示的内容

[root@rocky8 ~]# top
top - 17:10:46 up  4:07,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.07
Tasks: 158 total,   1 running, 156 sleeping,   1 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu0  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu1  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :    782.4 total,    159.0 free,    209.1 used,    414.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2047.7 free,      0.3 used.    441.4 avail Mem 

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
  10188 root      20   0  153404   7084   5852 S   0.5   0.9   0:00.28 sshd                                                                   
      1 root      20   0  184004  11740   8964 S   0.0   1.5   0:01.94 systemd                                                                
      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                               
      3 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_gp                                                                 
      4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_par_gp                                                             
      6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri                                            
      9 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq                                                           
     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.23 ksoftirqd/0                                                            
     11 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:01.66 rcu_sched                                                              
     12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                            
     13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/0                                                             
     14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 cpuhp/0                                                                
     16 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                              
     17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                  
     18 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kauditd                                                                
     19 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd                                                             
     20 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 oom_reaper                                                             
     21 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 writeback                                                              
     22 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kcompactd0 
#t  显示CPU使用率的不同风格

[root@rocky8 ~]# top
top - 17:11:44 up  4:07,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.06
Tasks: 158 total,   2 running, 155 sleeping,   1 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.3 id,  0.0 wa,  0.3 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem : 43.5/782.4    [||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||                                                        ]
MiB Swap:  0.0/2048.0   [                                                                                                    ]

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
      1 root      20   0  184004  11740   8964 S   0.0   1.5   0:01.95 systemd                                                                
      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                               
      3 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_gp                                                                 
      4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_par_gp                                                             
      6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri                                            
      9 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq                                                           
     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.23 ksoftirqd/0                                                            
     11 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:01.67 rcu_sched                                                              
     12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                            
     13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/0                                                             
     14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 cpuhp/0                                                                
     16 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                              
     17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                  
     18 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kauditd                                                                
     19 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd                                                             
     20 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 oom_reaper                                                             
     21 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 writeback                                                              
     22 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kcompactd0                                                             
     23 root      25   5       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 ksmd                                                                   
     24 root      39  19       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.13 khugepaged 
#m   显示内存使用率的不同风格

#k   可以杀死进程

[root@rocky8 ~]# top
top - 17:13:12 up  4:09,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.05
Tasks: 157 total,   2 running, 154 sleeping,   1 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.4 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.6 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :    782.4 total,    159.3 free,    208.8 used,    414.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2047.7 free,      0.3 used.    441.7 avail Mem 

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
    809 root      20   0  227116  40756  39068 S   0.0   5.1   0:00.37 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files              
    767 root      20   0  414624  30068  14780 S   0.0   3.8   0:02.00 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P                 
    723 polkitd   20   0 1630348  24108  17076 S   0.0   3.0   0:00.12 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug                                   
    728 root      20   0  391536  18032  15772 S   0.0   2.3   0:00.36 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon                                   
    773 root      20   0  225680  14896  12124 S   0.0   1.9   0:00.28 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_be --domain implicit_files --uid 0 --gid 0 --lo+
    721 root      20   0  216924  14128  12076 S   0.0   1.8   0:00.08 /usr/sbin/sssd -i --logger=files                                       
      1 root      20   0  184004  11740   8964 S   0.0   1.5   0:01.95 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17     
    718 root      20   0   86200  11220   9540 S   0.0   1.4   0:00.03 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s                                              
    719 root      20   0  352128  10608   8872 S   0.0   1.3   0:12.87 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd                                                      
   1302 root      20   0  100692   9904   8536 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.07 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user                                        
    635 root      20   0  124580   9872   7952 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.22 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd                                         
    601 root      20   0   97720   9372   8336 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.15 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald                                      
  10449 root      20   0  139184   8808   7616 S   0.0   1.1   0:00.01 sshd: root [priv]                                                      
  10481 root      20   0  139184   8740   7552 S   0.0   1.1   0:00.00 sshd: root [priv]                                                      
  10186 root      20   0  139184   8668   7476 S   0.0   1.1   0:00.01 sshd: root [priv]                                                      
    838 root      20   0  103976   8212   7208 S   0.0   1.0   0:00.06 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind                                        
    765 root      20   0   94444   7972   7032 S   0.0   1.0   0:00.01 /usr/sbin/sshd -D -oCiphers=aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@o+
  10704 root      20   0   46888   7968   5172 T   0.0   1.0   0:00.00 vim anaconda-ks.cfg                                                    
  10188 root      20   0  153404   7084   5852 S   0.0   0.9   0:00.33 sshd: root@pts/2                                                       
  10451 root      20   0  153404   7068   5836 S   0.0   0.9   0:30.51 sshd: root@pts/1 
#默认以CPU使用率排序,按M以内存使用率排序

[root@rocky8 ~]# top
top - 17:13:51 up  4:10,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.05
Tasks: 157 total,   1 running, 155 sleeping,   1 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.2 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :    782.4 total,    159.1 free,    209.1 used,    414.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2047.7 free,      0.3 used.    441.5 avail Mem 

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
    719 root      20   0  352128  10608   8872 S   0.3   1.3   0:12.90 vmtoolsd                                                               
      1 root      20   0  184004  11740   8964 S   0.0   1.5   0:01.95 systemd                                                                
      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                               
      3 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_gp                                                                 
      4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_par_gp                                                             
      6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri                                            
      9 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq                                                           
     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.23 ksoftirqd/0                                                            
     11 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:01.69 rcu_sched                                                              
     12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                            
     13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/0                                                             
     14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 cpuhp/0                                                                
     16 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                              
     17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                  
     18 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kauditd                                                                
     19 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd                                                             
     20 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 oom_reaper                                                             
     21 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 writeback                                                              
     22 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kcompactd0                                                             
     23 root      25   5       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 ksmd 
#按P 以CPU使用率排序

[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install mysql-server
[root@rocky8 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld

[root@rocky8 ~]# top -H -p `pidof mysqld`
top - 17:24:12 up  4:20,  3 users,  load average: 0.11, 0.08, 0.06
Threads:  37 total,   0 running,  37 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.2 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.5 id,  0.0 wa,  0.2 hi,  0.2 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :    782.4 total,     55.2 free,    526.5 used,    200.7 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2034.6 free,     13.4 used.    136.8 avail Mem 

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                
  14755 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.32 mysqld                                                                 
  14759 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14760 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14761 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.01 mysqld                                                                 
  14762 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14763 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.01 mysqld                                                                 
  14764 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14765 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14766 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14767 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14768 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14769 mysql      0 -20 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.01 mysqld                                                                 
  14770 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.01 mysqld                                                                 
  14771 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.05 mysqld                                                                 
  14772 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.05 mysqld                                                                 
  14773 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.06 mysqld                                                                 
  14774 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.05 mysqld                                                                 
  14777 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld                                                                 
  14778 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.01 mysqld                                                                 
  14779 mysql     20   0 1774332 385244  35728 S   0.0  48.1   0:00.00 mysqld  
#指定进程的相关信息,-H  显示线程

htop命令:增强版的TOP命令,来自EPEL源,比top功能更强

[root@rocky8 ~]# htop
-bash: htop: command not found
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf provides htop
Last metadata expiration check: 3:08:23 ago on Sun 31 Oct 2021 01:57:28 PM CST.
htop-3.0.5-1.el8.x86_64 : Interactive process viewer
Repo        : epel
Matched from:
Provide    : htop = 3.0.5-1.el8

[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install htop

[root@rocky8 ~]# htop

50.第十一章 进程和计划任务(二)
选项:

-d #: 指定延迟时间;
-u UserName: 仅显示指定用户的进程
-s COLUME: 以指定字段进行排序

子命令:

s:跟踪选定进程的系统调用
l:显示选定进程打开的文件列表
a:将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
t:显示进程树

2.9 内存空间free

50.第十一章 进程和计划任务(二)
free 可以显示内存空间使用状态
格式:

free [OPTION]

常用选项:

-b 以字节为单位
-m 以MB为单位
-g 以GB为单位
-h 易读格式
-o 不显示-/+buffers/cache行
-t 显示RAM + swap的总和
-s n 刷新间隔为n秒
-c n 刷新n次后即退出

范例:

[root@rocky8 ~]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         801164      539276       58688         872      203200      140668
Swap:       2097148       13740     2083408
[root@rocky8 ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          782Mi       526Mi        57Mi       0.0Ki       198Mi       137Mi
Swap:         2.0Gi        13Mi       2.0Gi

[root@centos6 ~]# free -h
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          979M       312M       666M       240K        14M       212M
-/+ buffers/cache:        86M       893M
Swap:         2.0G         0B       2.0G

[root@rocky8 ~]# free -h -s 3 -c 5 #-s 3  每3秒刷新一次  -c 5   刷新5次
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          782Mi       526Mi        57Mi       0.0Ki       198Mi       137Mi
Swap:         2.0Gi        13Mi       2.0Gi

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          782Mi       526Mi        57Mi       0.0Ki       198Mi       137Mi
Swap:         2.0Gi        13Mi       2.0Gi

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          782Mi       526Mi        57Mi       0.0Ki       198Mi       137Mi
Swap:         2.0Gi        13Mi       2.0Gi

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          782Mi       525Mi        58Mi       0.0Ki       198Mi       138Mi
Swap:         2.0Gi        13Mi       2.0Gi

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          782Mi       525Mi        58Mi       0.0Ki       198Mi       138Mi
Swap:         2.0Gi        13Mi       2.0Gi

[root@rocky8 ~]# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches #清空buff/cache

[root@rocky8 ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          782Mi       523Mi       164Mi       0.0Ki        94Mi       152Mi
Swap:         2.0Gi        13Mi       2.0Gi
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