背景
公司项目有个需求, 前端上传excel文件, 后端读取数据、处理数据、返回错误数据, 最简单的方式同步处理, 客户端上传文件后一直阻塞等待响应, 但用户体验无疑很差, 处理数据可能十分耗时, 没人愿意傻等, 由于项目暂未使用ActiveMQ等消息队列中间件, 而redis的lpush和rpop很适合作为一种轻量级的消息队列实现, 所以用它完成此次功能开发
一、本文涉及知识点
- excel文件读写--阿里easyexcel sdk
- 文件上传、下载--腾讯云对象存储
- 远程服务调用--restTemplate
- 生产者、消费者--redisTemplate leftPush和rightPop操作
- 异步处理数据--Executors线程池
- 读取网络文件流--HttpClient
- 自定义注解实现用户身份认证--JWT token认证, 拦截器拦截标注有@LoginRequired注解的请求入口
当然, Java实现咯
涉及的知识点比较多, 每一个知识点都可以作为专题进行学习分析, 本文将完整实现呈现出来, 后期拆分与小伙伴分享学习
二、项目目录结构
说明: 数据库DAO层放到另一个模块了, 不是本文重点
三、主要maven依赖
- easyexcel
<easyexcel-latestVersion>1.1.2-beta4</easyexcel-latestVersion>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
<version>${easyexcel-latestVersion}</version>
</dependency>
- JWT
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.7.0</version>
</dependency>
- redis
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-redis</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
- 腾讯cos
<dependency>
<groupId>com.qcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cos_api</artifactId>
<version>5.4.5</version>
</dependency>
四、流程
- 用户上传文件
- 将文件存储到腾讯cos
- 将上传后的文件id及上传记录保存到数据库
- redis生产一条导入消息, 即保存文件id到redis
- 请求结束, 返回"处理中"状态
- redis消费消息
- 读取cos文件, 异步处理数据
- 将错误数据以excel形式上传至cos, 以供用户下载, 并更新处理状态为"处理完成"
- 客户端轮询查询处理状态, 并可以下载错误文件
- 结束
五、实现效果
上传文件
数据库导入记录
导入的数据
下载错误文件
错误数据提示
查询导入记录
六、代码实现
1、导入excel控制层
@LoginRequired
@RequestMapping(value = "doImport", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public JsonResponse doImport(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) {
PLUser user = getUser(request);
return orderImportService.doImport(file, user.getId());
}
2、service层
@Override
public JsonResponse doImport(MultipartFile file, Integer userId) {
if (null == file || file.isEmpty()) {
throw new ServiceException("文件不能为空");
}
String filename = file.getOriginalFilename();
if (!checkFileSuffix(filename)) {
throw new ServiceException("当前仅支持xlsx格式的excel");
}
// 存储文件
String fileId = saveToOss(file);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(fileId)) {
throw new ServiceException("文件上传失败, 请稍后重试");
}
// 保存记录到数据库
saveRecordToDB(userId, fileId, filename);
// 生产一条订单导入消息
redisProducer.produce(RedisKey.orderImportKey, fileId);
return JsonResponse.ok("导入成功, 处理中...");
}
/**
* 校验文件格式
* @param fileName
* @return
*/
private static boolean checkFileSuffix(String fileName) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(fileName) || fileName.lastIndexOf(".") <= 0) {
return false;
}
int pointIndex = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
String suffix = fileName.substring(pointIndex, fileName.length()).toLowerCase();
if (".xlsx".equals(suffix)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 将文件存储到腾讯OSS
* @param file
* @return
*/
private String saveToOss(MultipartFile file) {
InputStream ins = null;
try {
ins = file.getInputStream();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String fileId;
try {
String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
File f = new File(originalFilename);
inputStreamToFile(ins, f);
FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource(f);
MultiValueMap<String, Object> param = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
param.add("file", resource);
ResponseResult responseResult = restTemplate.postForObject(txOssUploadUrl, param, ResponseResult.class);
fileId = (String) responseResult.getData();
} catch (Exception e) {
fileId = null;
}
return fileId;
}
3、redis生产者
@Service
public class RedisProducerImpl implements RedisProducer {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
@Override
public JsonResponse produce(String key, String msg) {
Map<String, String> map = Maps.newHashMap();
map.put("fileId", msg);
redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(key, map);
return JsonResponse.ok();
}
}
4、redis消费者
@Service
public class RedisConsumer {
@Autowired
public RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
@Value("${txOssFileUrl}")
private String txOssFileUrl;
@Value("${txOssUploadUrl}")
private String txOssUploadUrl;
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
processOrderImport();
}
/**
* 处理订单导入
*/
private void processOrderImport() {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
executorService.execute(() -> {
while (true) {
Object object = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop(RedisKey.orderImportKey, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (null == object) {
continue;
}
String msg = JSON.toJSONString(object);
executorService.execute(new OrderImportTask(msg, txOssFileUrl, txOssUploadUrl));
}
});
}
}
5、处理任务线程类
public class OrderImportTask implements Runnable {
public OrderImportTask(String msg, String txOssFileUrl, String txOssUploadUrl) {
this.msg = msg;
this.txOssFileUrl = txOssFileUrl;
this.txOssUploadUrl = txOssUploadUrl;
}
}
/**
* 注入bean
*/
private void autowireBean() {
this.restTemplate = BeanContext.getApplicationContext().getBean(RestTemplate.class);
this.transactionTemplate = BeanContext.getApplicationContext().getBean(TransactionTemplate.class);
this.orderImportService = BeanContext.getApplicationContext().getBean(OrderImportService.class);
}
@Override
public void run() {
// 注入bean
autowireBean();
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(msg);
String fileId = jsonObject.getString("fileId");
MultiValueMap<String, Object> param = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
param.add("id", fileId);
ResponseResult responseResult = restTemplate.postForObject(txOssFileUrl, param, ResponseResult.class);
String fileUrl = (String) responseResult.getData();
if (StringUtils.isBlank(fileUrl)) {
return;
}
InputStream inputStream = HttpClientUtil.readFileFromURL(fileUrl);
List<Object> list = ExcelUtil.read(inputStream);
process(list, fileId);
}
/**
* 将文件上传至oss
* @param file
* @return
*/
private String saveToOss(File file) {
String fileId;
try {
FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource(file);
MultiValueMap<String, Object> param = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
param.add("file", resource);
ResponseResult responseResult = restTemplate.postForObject(txOssUploadUrl, param, ResponseResult.class);
fileId = (String) responseResult.getData();
} catch (Exception e) {
fileId = null;
}
return fileId;
}
说明: 处理数据的业务逻辑代码就不用贴了
6、上传文件到cos
@RequestMapping("/txOssUpload")
@ResponseBody
public ResponseResult txOssUpload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (null == file || file.isEmpty()) {
return ResponseResult.fail("文件不能为空");
}
String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
originalFilename = MimeUtility.decodeText(originalFilename);// 解决中文乱码问题
String contentType = getContentType(originalFilename);
String key;
InputStream ins = null;
File f = null;
try {
ins = file.getInputStream();
f = new File(originalFilename);
inputStreamToFile(ins, f);
key = iFileStorageClient.txOssUpload(new FileInputStream(f), originalFilename, contentType);
} catch (Exception e) {
return ResponseResult.fail(e.getMessage());
} finally {
if (null != ins) {
try {
ins.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (f.exists()) {// 删除临时文件
f.delete();
}
}
return ResponseResult.ok(key);
}
public static void inputStreamToFile(InputStream ins,File file) {
try {
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
int bytesRead = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
while ((bytesRead = ins.read(buffer, 0, 8192)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
os.close();
ins.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public String txOssUpload(FileInputStream inputStream, String key, String contentType) {
key = Uuid.getUuid() + "-" + key;
OSSUtil.txOssUpload(inputStream, key, contentType);
try {
if (null != inputStream) {
inputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return key;
}
public static void txOssUpload(FileInputStream inputStream, String key, String contentType) {
ObjectMetadata objectMetadata = new ObjectMetadata();
try{
int length = inputStream.available();
objectMetadata.setContentLength(length);
}catch (Exception e){
logger.info(e.getMessage());
}
objectMetadata.setContentType(contentType);
cosclient.putObject(txbucketName, key, inputStream, objectMetadata);
}
7、下载文件
/**
* 腾讯云文件下载
* @param response
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/txOssDownload")
public Object txOssDownload(HttpServletResponse response, String id) {
COSObjectInputStream cosObjectInputStream = iFileStorageClient.txOssDownload(id, response);
String contentType = getContentType(id);
FileUtil.txOssDownload(response, contentType, cosObjectInputStream, id);
return null;
}
public static void txOssDownload(HttpServletResponse response, String contentType, InputStream fileStream, String fileName) {
FileOutputStream fos = null;
response.reset();
OutputStream os = null;
try {
response.setContentType(contentType + "; charset=utf-8");
if(!contentType.equals(PlConstans.FileContentType.image)){
try {
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO8859-1"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + fileName);
logger.error("encoding file name failed", e);
}
}
os = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[1024 * 1024];
int len;
while ((len = fileStream.read(b)) > 0) {
os.write(b, 0, len);
os.flush();
try {
if(fos != null) {
fos.write(b, 0, len);
fos.flush();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(fos);
fos = null;
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(os);
IOUtils.closeQuietly(fileStream);
if(fos != null) {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(fos);
}
}
}
8、读取网络文件流
/**
* 读取网络文件流
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static InputStream readFileFromURL(String url) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(url)) {
return null;
}
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet methodGet = new HttpGet(url);
try {
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(methodGet);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return entity.getContent();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
9、ExcelUtil
/**
* 读excel
* @param inputStream 文件输入流
* @return list集合
*/
public static List<Object> read(InputStream inputStream) {
return EasyExcelFactory.read(inputStream, new Sheet(1, 1));
}
/**
* 写excel
* @param data list数据
* @param clazz
* @param saveFilePath 文件保存路径
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void write(List<? extends BaseRowModel> data, Class<? extends BaseRowModel> clazz, String saveFilePath) throws IOException {
File tempFile = new File(saveFilePath);
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
ExcelWriter writer = EasyExcelFactory.getWriter(out);
Sheet sheet = new Sheet(1, 3, clazz, "Sheet1", null);
writer.write(data, sheet);
writer.finish();
out.close();
}
说明: 至此, 整个流程算是完整了, 下面将其他知识点代码也贴出来参考
七、其他
1、@LoginRequired注解
/**
* 在需要登录验证的Controller的方法上使用此注解
*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface LoginRequired {
}
2、MyControllerAdvice
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyControllerAdvice {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(TokenValidationException.class)
public JsonResponse tokenValidationExceptionHandler() {
return JsonResponse.loginInvalid();
}
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(ServiceException.class)
public JsonResponse serviceExceptionHandler(ServiceException se) {
return JsonResponse.fail(se.getMsg());
}
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public JsonResponse exceptionHandler(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return JsonResponse.fail(e.getMessage());
}
}
3、AuthenticationInterceptor
public class AuthenticationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
private static final String CURRENT_USER = "user";
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
// 如果不是映射到方法直接通过
if (!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)) {
return true;
}
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();
// 判断接口是否有@LoginRequired注解, 有则需要登录
LoginRequired methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(LoginRequired.class);
if (methodAnnotation != null) {
// 验证token
Integer userId = JwtUtil.verifyToken(request);
PLUser plUser = userService.selectByPrimaryKey(userId);
if (null == plUser) {
throw new RuntimeException("用户不存在，请重新登录");
}
request.setAttribute(CURRENT_USER, plUser);
return true;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
}
}
4、JwtUtil
public static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 2592_000_000L; // 有效期30天
public static final String SECRET = "pl_token_secret";
public static final String HEADER = "token";
public static final String USER_ID = "userId";
/**
* 根据userId生成token
* @param userId
* @return
*/
public static String generateToken(String userId) {
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(USER_ID, userId);
String jwt = Jwts.builder()
.setClaims(map)
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRATION_TIME))
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET)
.compact();
return jwt;
}
/**
* 验证token
* @param request
* @return 验证通过返回userId
*/
public static Integer verifyToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
String token = request.getHeader(HEADER);
if (token != null) {
try {
Map<String, Object> body = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(SECRET)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();
for (Map.Entry entry : body.entrySet()) {
Object key = entry.getKey();
Object value = entry.getValue();
if (key.toString().equals(USER_ID)) {
return Integer.valueOf(value.toString());// userId
}
}
return null;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage());
throw new TokenValidationException("unauthorized");
}
} else {
throw new TokenValidationException("missing token");
}
}
结语: OK, 搞定,睡了, 好困