原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/chaselogs/p/11301940.html

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package main

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func externalIP() (net.IP, error) {
    ifaces, err := net.Interfaces()
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    for _, iface := range ifaces {
        if iface.Flags&net.FlagUp == 0 {
            continue // interface down
        }
        if iface.Flags&net.FlagLoopback != 0 {
            continue // loopback interface
        }
        addrs, err := iface.Addrs()
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
        for _, addr := range addrs {
            ip := getIpFromAddr(addr)
            if ip == nil {
                continue
            }
            return ip, nil
        }
    }
    return nil, errors.New("connected to the network?")
}

func getIpFromAddr(addr net.Addr) net.IP {
    var ip net.IP
    switch v := addr.(type) {
    case *net.IPNet:
        ip = v.IP
    case *net.IPAddr:
        ip = v.IP
    }
    if ip == nil || ip.IsLoopback() {
        return nil
    }
    ip = ip.To4()
    if ip == nil {
        return nil // not an ipv4 address
    }

    return ip
}

func main() {
    ip, err := externalIP()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(ip.String())
}