转自：http://blog.csdn.net/chuanchuan608/article/details/17915959
目前正在学习python，使用的工具为python3.2.3。发现3x版本和2x版本有些差异，在套接字编程时，困扰了我很久，先将python核心编程书中的例子
代码如下:
服务器端:
# Echo server program
from socket import *
from time import ctime HOST = '' # Symbolic name meaning all available interfaces
PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT) tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5) while True:
print('waiting for connection...')
tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
print('...connected from:', addr) while True:
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data))) tcpCliSock.close()
tcpSerSock.close()
客户端
# Echo client program
from socket import* HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT) tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
while True:
data = input('> ')
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(data)
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)
if not data:
break
print(data) tcpCliSock.close()
报错：
TypeError:'str' does not support the buffer interface
找问题找了好久，在*上发现有人也出现同样的问题，并一个叫Scharron的人提出了解答：
In python 3, bytes strings and unicodestrings are now two different types. Since sockets are not aware of string encodings, they are using raw bytes strings, that have a slightly differentinterface from unicode strings.
So, now, whenever you have a unicode stringthat you need to use as a byte string, you need toencode() it. And whenyou have a byte string, you need to decode it to use it as a regular(python 2.x) string.
Unicode strings are quotes enclosedstrings. Bytes strings are b"" enclosed strings
When you use client_socket.send(data),replace it by client_socket.send(data.encode()). When you get datausing data = client_socket.recv(512), replace it by data =client_socket.recv(512).decode()
同时我看了一下python帮助文档：
Codec.encode(input[, errors])
Encodes the object input and returns atuple (output object, length consumed). Encoding converts a string object to abytes object using a particular character set encoding
Codec.decode(input[, errors])
Decodes the object input and returns atuple (output object, length consumed). Decoding converts a bytes objectencoded using a particular character set encoding to a string object.
input must be a bytes object or one whichprovides the read-only character buffer interface – for example, buffer objectsand memory mapped files.
套接字的成员函数send
socket.send(bytes[, flags]) 形参为字节类型
socket.recv(bufsize[, flags]) Receive datafrom the socket. The return value is abytes object representing the data received.
所以修正后代码如下：
服务器端：
# Echo server program
from socket import *
from time import ctime HOST = '' # Symbolic name meaning all available interfaces
PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT) tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5) while True:
print('waiting for connection...')
tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
print('...connected from:', addr) while True:
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data)).encode()) tcpCliSock.close()
tcpSerSock.close()
客服端:
# Echo client program
from socket import* HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT) tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
while True:
data = input('> ')
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(data.encode())
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()
if not data:
break
print(data) tcpCliSock.close()
运行结果: 达到预期
在使用这些函数时想当然去用，没有去查找帮助文档，没有弄清楚传参类型，可能是一个例题，没有注意这些，但是得吸取教训。
同样的在udp的情况下：修正过的
服务器端:
from socket import *
from time import ctime HOST = '';
PORT = 21546
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT) udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
udpSerSock.bind(ADDR) while True:
print('waiting for message...')
data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZE)
udpSerSock.sendto(('[%s] %s' %(ctime(), data.decode())).encode(), addr)
print('...received from and returned to:', addr) udpSerSock.close()
客户端:
from socket import *
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 21567
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
while True:
tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
data = input('> ')
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(('%s\r\n' % data).encode())
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()
if not data:
break
print(data.strip())
tcpCliSock.close()
使用socketserver模块:
服务器端：
#TsTservss.py
from socketserver import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH
from time import ctime HOST = ''
PORT = 21567
ADDR = (HOST, PORT) class MyRequestHandler(SRH):
def handle(self):
print('...connected from:', self.client_address)
self.wfile.write(('[%s] %s' %(ctime(), self.rfile.readline().decode())).encode()) tcpServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)
print('waiting for connection...')
tcpServ.serve_forever()
客户端：
from socket import *
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 21567
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
while True:
tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
data = input('> ')
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(('%s\r\n' % data).encode())
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()
if not data:
break
print(data.strip())
tcpCliSock.close()