管道和FIFO作为最初的UNIX IPC形式,现在已用得较少。SocketPair可作为全双工版本的管道,较为常用,这里简单做个笔记
管道
* 只用于有亲缘关系的进程间通信
* 单向,即半双工 (双向方法:1 使用2个管道 2 使用SocketPair)
* pipe() => write()/read()
FIFO (有名管道)
* 可用于无亲缘关系的进程间通信
* 单向
* mkfifo() => open() => write()/read()
SocketPair
* 套接字(一般用于网络通讯)提供的一种用于本机进程间通信方式
* 双向,即全双工
* socketpair() => write()/read()
* 例子 [ SocketPair.cpp ]:
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAXSIZE = 100; int main()
{
int fd[2];
int rLen;
char wBuf[MAXSIZE] = "Hello World";
char rBuf[MAXSIZE]; if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fd) < 0)
{
cout << "SocketPair Err" << endl;
return -1;
} pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
{
cout << "Fork Err" << endl;
return -1;
} if (pid == 0)
{
// Chlid
cout << "Child, Pid=" << getpid() << endl;
write(fd[0], wBuf, strlen(wBuf));
write(fd[1], wBuf, strlen(wBuf));
exit(-1);
} // Parent
sleep(1);
cout << "Parent, Pid=" << getpid() << endl;
rLen = read(fd[1], rBuf, MAXSIZE);
rBuf[rLen] = 0;
cout << "Read Fd[1], rBuf : " << rBuf << endl;
rLen = read(fd[0], rBuf, MAXSIZE);
rBuf[rLen] = 0;
cout << "Read Fd[0], rBuf : " << rBuf << endl;
return 0;
}
# g++ SocketPair.cpp
# ./a.out
Child, Pid=9569
Parent, Pid=9568
Read Fd[1], rBuf : Hello World
Read Fd[0], rBuf : Hello World