MongoDB Java
环境配置
在Java程序中如果要使用MongoDB,你需要确保已经安装了Java环境及MongoDB JDBC 驱动。
你可以参考本站的Java教程来安装Java程序。现在让我们来检测你是否安装了 MongoDB JDBC 驱动。
- 首先你必须下载mongo jar包,下载地址:https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-java-driver/downloads, 请确保下载最新版本。
- 你需要将mongo.jar包含在你的 classpath 中。。
连接数据库
连接数据库,你需要指定数据库名称,如果指定的数据库不存在,mongo会自动创建数据库。
连接数据库的Java代码如下:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import java.util.Arrays; public class MongoDBJDBC{
public static void main( String args[] ){
try{
// 连接到 mongodb 服务
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 连接到数据库
DB db = mongoClient.getDB( "test" );
System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
boolean auth = db.authenticate(myUserName, myPassword);
System.out.println("Authentication: "+auth);
}catch(Exception e){
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
}
}
}
现在,让我们来编译运行程序并创建数据库test。
你可以更加你的实际环境改变MongoDB JDBC驱动的路径。
本实例将MongoDB JDBC启动包 mongo-2.10.1.jar 放在本地目录下:
$javac MongoDBJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".:mongo-2.10.1.jar" MongoDBJDBC
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
如果你使用的是Window系统,你可以按以下命令来编译执行程序:
$javac MongoDBJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".;mongo-2.10.1.jar" MongoDBJDBC
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
如果用户名及密码正确,则Authentication 的值为true。
创建集合
我们可以使用com.mongodb.DB类中的createCollection()来创建集合
代码片段如下:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import java.util.Arrays; public class MongoDBJDBC{
public static void main( String args[] ){
try{
// 连接到 mongodb 服务
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 连接到数据库
DB db = mongoClient.getDB( "test" );
System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
boolean auth = db.authenticate(myUserName, myPassword);
System.out.println("Authentication: "+auth);
DBCollection coll = db.createCollection("mycol");
System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
}catch(Exception e){
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
}
}
}
编译运行以上程序,输出结果如下:
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
Collection created successfully
获取集合
我们可以使用com.mongodb.DBCollection类的 getCollection() 方法来获取一个集合
代码片段如下:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import java.util.Arrays; public class MongoDBJDBC{
public static void main( String args[] ){
try{
// 连接到 mongodb 服务
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 连接到数据库
DB db = mongoClient.getDB( "test" );
System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
boolean auth = db.authenticate(myUserName, myPassword);
System.out.println("Authentication: "+auth);
DBCollection coll = db.createCollection("mycol");
System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("mycol");
System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
}catch(Exception e){
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
}
}
}
编译运行以上程序,输出结果如下:
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
Collection created successfully
Collection mycol selected successfully
插入文档
我们可以使用com.mongodb.DBCollection类的 insert() 方法来插入一个文档
代码片段如下:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import java.util.Arrays; public class MongoDBJDBC{
public static void main( String args[] ){
try{
// 连接到 mongodb 服务
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 连接到数据库
DB db = mongoClient.getDB( "test" );
System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
boolean auth = db.authenticate(myUserName, myPassword);
System.out.println("Authentication: "+auth);
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("mycol");
System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
BasicDBObject doc = new BasicDBObject("title", "MongoDB").
append("description", "database").
append("likes", 100).
append("url", "//www.w3cschool.cn/mongodb/").
append("by", "w3cschool.cn");
coll.insert(doc);
System.out.println("Document inserted successfully");
}catch(Exception e){
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
}
}
}
编译运行以上程序,输出结果如下:
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
Collection mycol selected successfully
Document inserted successfully
检索所有文档
我们可以使用com.mongodb.DBCollection类中的 find() 方法来获取集合中的所有文档。
此方法返回一个游标,所以你需要遍历这个游标。
代码片段如下:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import java.util.Arrays; public class MongoDBJDBC{
public static void main( String args[] ){
try{
// 连接到 mongodb 服务
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 连接到数据库
DB db = mongoClient.getDB( "test" );
System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
boolean auth = db.authenticate(myUserName, myPassword);
System.out.println("Authentication: "+auth);
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("mycol");
System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
DBCursor cursor = coll.find();
int i=1;
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
System.out.println("Inserted Document: "+i);
System.out.println(cursor.next());
i++;
}
}catch(Exception e){
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
}
}
}
编译运行以上程序,输出结果如下:
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
Collection mycol selected successfully
Inserted Document: 1
{
"_id" : ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB",
"description": "database",
"likes": 100,
"url": "//www.w3cschool.cn/mongodb/",
"by": "w3cschool.cn"
}
更新文档
你可以使用 com.mongodb.DBCollection 类中的 update() 方法来更新集合中的文档。
代码片段如下:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import java.util.Arrays; public class MongoDBJDBC{
public static void main( String args[] ){
try{
// 连接到Mongodb服务
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 连接到你的数据库
DB db = mongoClient.getDB( "test" );
System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
boolean auth = db.authenticate(myUserName, myPassword);
System.out.println("Authentication: "+auth);
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("mycol");
System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
DBCursor cursor = coll.find();
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
DBObject updateDocument = cursor.next();
updateDocument.put("likes","200")
col1.update(updateDocument);
}
System.out.println("Document updated successfully");
cursor = coll.find();
int i=1;
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
System.out.println("Updated Document: "+i);
System.out.println(cursor.next());
i++;
}
}catch(Exception e){
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
}
}
}
编译运行以上程序,输出结果如下:
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
Collection mycol selected successfully
Document updated successfully
Updated Document: 1
{
"_id" : ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB",
"description": "database",
"likes": 200,
"url": "//www.w3cschool.cn/mongodb/",
"by": "w3cschool.cn"
}
删除第一个文档
要删除集合中的第一个文档,首先你需要使用com.mongodb.DBCollection类中的 findOne()方法来获取第一个文档,然后使用remove 方法删除。
代码片段如下:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import java.util.Arrays; public class MongoDBJDBC{
public static void main( String args[] ){
try{
// 连接到Mongodb服务
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 连接到你的数据库
DB db = mongoClient.getDB( "test" );
System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
boolean auth = db.authenticate(myUserName, myPassword);
System.out.println("Authentication: "+auth);
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("mycol");
System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
DBObject myDoc = coll.findOne();
col1.remove(myDoc);
DBCursor cursor = coll.find();
int i=1;
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
System.out.println("Inserted Document: "+i);
System.out.println(cursor.next());
i++;
}
System.out.println("Document deleted successfully");
}catch(Exception e){
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
}
}
}
编译运行以上程序,输出结果如下:
Connect to database successfully
Authentication: true
Collection mycol selected successfully
Document deleted successfully
你还可以使用 save(), limit(), skip(), sort() 等方法来操作MongoDB数据库。