mapstruct 实体转换及List转换,@Mapper注解转换
开发中,我们经常需要将PO转DTO、DTO转PO等一些实体间的转换。比较出名的有BeanUtil 和ModelMapper等,它们使用简单,但是在稍显复杂的业务场景下力不从心。MapStruct这个插件可以用来处理domin实体类与model类的属性映射,可配置性强。只需要定义一个 Mapper 接口,MapStruct 就会自动实现这个映射接口,避免了复杂繁琐的映射实现。MapStruct官网地址:http://mapstruct.org/
本文类型简单包含四方面:
(1)属性名称不对应
(2)list集合转换
(3)字段类型不对应
(4)多个来源实体转换成一个参数实体
引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
<artifactId>mapstruct-jdk8</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
需求
我们假设有学生student 类 需要转换成 用户 user 类,将学生信息存入用户信息库
此时Student 类内容如下:
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String sex;//setters, getters, toString() 方法此处省略不写,但是实际开发需要写的哦
}
此时User 类内容如下
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String sex;//setters, getters, toString() 方法此处省略不写,但是实际开发需要写的哦 }
普通转换model
此时 Student 和 User 的属性名字都相同那么转换接口就是
import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface UserMapping {
/**
* Student 转化为 User
* @param Student
* @return
*/
User studentToUser(Student student);
}
程序运行前要先编译 mvn clean compile , 从而mapstruct框架生成UserMappingImpl 实现类。
特殊转换model
(1)属性名称不对应,如果 User 和 Student 的属性名称不对应例如:
此时Student 类内容如下:
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String sname;
private Integer age;
private String sex;
//setters, getters, toString() 方法此处省略不写,但是实际开发需要写的哦
}
此时User 类内容如下:
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String uname;
private Integer age;
private String sex;
//setters, getters, toString() 方法此处省略不写,但是实际开发需要写的哦
}
那么转换接口为
import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
import org.mapstruct.Mapping;
import org.mapstruct.Mappings;
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface UserMapping {
/**
* Student 转化为 User
* @param Student
* @return
*/
@Mappings({
@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname")
// 多个属性不对应可以用 "," 隔开编写多个@Mapping
// ,@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname")
})
User studentToUser(Student student);
}
(2) 转换集合list
当user 和 student 都是集合形式list 时应当如下转换
转化 List<> 集合时必须有 实体转化,因为在实现中,List 转换是 for循环调用 实体转化的。所以当属性名不对应时,应该在 实体转化进行 @Mappings 的属性名映射配置,然后list的转换也会继承这和属性的映射。
例如 属性名相同
import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface UserMapping {
/**
* Student 转化为 User
* @param Student
* @return
*/
User studentToUser(Student student);
/**
* Students 转化为 Users
* @param Students
* @return
*/
List<User> studentsToUsers(List<Student> students);
属性名不同:
import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
import org.mapstruct.Mapping;
import org.mapstruct.Mappings;
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface UserMapping {
/**
* Student 转化为 User
* @param Student
* @return
*/
@Mappings({
@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname")
// 多个属性不对应可以用 "," 隔开编写多个@Mapping
// ,@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname")
})
User studentToUser(Student student);
/**
* 此时 studentsToUsers 的实现为循环调用 studentToUser 并继承了 studentToUser 的属性映射
* Students 转化为 Users
* @param Students
* @return
*/
List<User> studentsToUsers(List<Student> students);
}
展示 自动生成的 UserMappingImpl 实现(此类为 执行 mvn clean compile 后自动生成)
@Component
public class UserMappingImpl implements UserMapping {
@Override
public User studentToUser(student student) {
if ( student == null ) {
return null;
}
User user = new User();
User.setId(student.getId() );
User.setName(student.getName() );
// 如果配置了属性映射则为
//User.setUname(student.getSname() );
User.setSex(student.getSex() );
User.setAge(student.getAge() );
return user;
}
@Override
public List<User> studentsToUsers(List<student> students) {
if ( students == null ) {
return null;
}
List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
for ( student student : students ) {
list.add( studentToUser( student ) );
}
return list;
}
}
(3)字段类型不对应
字符串转时间,或者时间转字符串,都是用后面的dateFormat值为时间格式
@Mappings({
@Mapping(target = "createTime", source = "createTimeStr", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd~hh:mm:ss")
// 多个属性不对应可以用 "," 隔开编写多个@Mapping
})
User studentToUser(Student student);
字段类型不对应,比如说user 类的sex字段类型改为boolean
此时User 类内容如下:
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String uname;
private Integer age;
private boolean sex;
//setters, getters, toString() 方法此处省略不写,但是实际开发需要写的哦
}
Mappings中qualifiedByName属性可以取由@Named声明的名称
import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
import org.mapstruct.Mapping;
import org.mapstruct.Mappings;
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface UserMapping {
/**
* Student 转化为 User
* @param Student
* @return
*/
@Mappings({
@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname",qualifiedByName= "booleanToString")
// 多个属性不对应可以用 "," 隔开编写多个@Mapping // ,
@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname") })
User studentToUser(Student student);
@Named("booleanToString")
default String booleanToString(boolean value){
if(value){
return "男";
}
return "女";
}
}
有的时候有一个额外的转换方法多个mapping类文件都要用到,所以肯定有写一个工具类,mapping引用外部的方法
public class Utils{
@Named("booleanToString")
default String booleanToString(boolean value){
if(value){
return "男";
}
return "女";
}
}
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring",uses=Utils.class)
public interface UserMapping {
/**
* Student 转化为 User
* @param Student
* @return
*/
@Mappings({
@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname",qualifiedByName = "booleanToString")
})
User studentToUser(Student student);
}
也可以直接使用expression
@Mappings({
@Mapping(target = "uname",expression = "java(booleanToString(student.getSname()))")
// 多个属性不对应可以用 "," 隔开编写多个@Mapping // ,@Mapping(target = "uname", source = "sname")
})
(4) 多个来源实体转换成一个参数实体
@Mappings({
@Mapping(target = "chartName", source = "chart.name"),
@Mapping(target = "title", source = "song.title"),
@Mapping(target = "artistName", source = "song.artist.name"),
@Mapping(target = "recordedAt", source = "song.artist.label.studio.name"),
@Mapping(target = "city", source = "song.artist.label.studio.city"),
@Mapping(target = "position", source = "position") })
ChartEntry map(Chart chart, Song song, Integer position);
(5)有一些参数不是来自传入参数,而是默认是一些外部的枚举类或者常量类数据,
就可以在mapper中声明要导入的外部枚举类或者常量类,
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring",
unmappedTargetPolicy = ReportingPolicy.IGNORE,
imports = {StringUtils.class,
UserConsts.class,
UserStatusEnum.class
})
@Mapping(target = "key",expression = "java( UserConsts.FULL_GIFT)"),
@Mapping(target = "status",expression = "java(UserStatusEnum.VALID_STATUS_NO.getCode())"),