Java加密技术(五)——非对称加密算法的由来DH

原文链接:https://my.oschina.net/mohaiyong/blog/221266
DH
Diffie-Hellman算法(D-H算法),密钥一致协议。是由公开密钥密码*的奠基人Diffie和Hellman所提出的一种思想。简单的说就是允许两名用户在公开媒体上交换信息以生成"一致"的、可以共享的密钥。换句话说,就是由甲方产出一对密钥(公钥、私钥),乙方依照甲方公钥产生乙方密钥对(公钥、私钥)。以此为基线,作为数据传输保密基础,同时双方使用同一种对称加密算法构建本地密钥(SecretKey)对数据加密。这样,在互通了本地密钥(SecretKey)算法后,甲乙双方公开自己的公钥,使用对方的公钥和刚才产生的私钥加密数据,同时可以使用对方的公钥和自己的私钥对数据解密。不单单是甲乙双方两方,可以扩展为多方共享数据通讯,这样就完成了网络交互数据的安全通讯!该算法源于中国的同余定理——中国馀数定理。  

流程分析:

1.甲方构建密钥对儿,将公钥公布给乙方,将私钥保留;双方约定数据加密算法;乙方通过甲方公钥构建密钥对儿,将公钥公布给甲方,将私钥保留。
2.甲方使用私钥、乙方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥加密数据,发送给乙方加密后的数据;乙方使用私钥、甲方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥对数据解密。
3.乙方使用私钥、甲方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥加密数据,发送给甲方加密后的数据;甲方使用私钥、乙方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥对数据解密。


通过java代码实现如下: Coder类见 Java加密技术(一)
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyAgreement;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPrivateKey;
import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;

/**
 * DH安全编码组件
 * 
 * @author 梁栋
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public abstract class DHCoder extends Coder {
	public static final String ALGORITHM = "DH";

	/**
	 * 默认密钥字节数
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * DH
	 * Default Keysize 1024  
	 * Keysize must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive).
	 * </pre>
	 */
	private static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024;

	/**
	 * DH加密下需要一种对称加密算法对数据加密,这里我们使用DES,也可以使用其他对称加密算法。
	 */
	public static final String SECRET_ALGORITHM = "DES";
	private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "DHPublicKey";
	private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "DHPrivateKey";

	/**
	 * 初始化甲方密钥
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
		KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator
				.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
		keyPairGenerator.initialize(KEY_SIZE);

		KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

		// 甲方公钥
		DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

		// 甲方私钥
		DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

		Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

		keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
		keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
		return keyMap;
	}

	/**
	 * 初始化乙方密钥
	 * 
	 * @param key
	 *            甲方公钥
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static Map<String, Object> initKey(String key) throws Exception {
		// 解析甲方公钥
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
		PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

		// 由甲方公钥构建乙方密钥
		DHParameterSpec dhParamSpec = ((DHPublicKey) pubKey).getParams();

		KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator
				.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		keyPairGenerator.initialize(dhParamSpec);

		KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

		// 乙方公钥
		DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

		// 乙方私钥
		DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

		Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

		keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
		keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);

		return keyMap;
	}

	/**
	 * 加密<br>
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            待加密数据
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            甲方公钥
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            乙方私钥
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
			String privateKey) throws Exception {

		// 生成本地密钥
		SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);

		// 数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 解密<br>
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            待解密数据
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            乙方公钥
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            乙方私钥
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
			String privateKey) throws Exception {

		// 生成本地密钥
		SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);
		// 数据解密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 构建密钥
	 * 
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            公钥
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            私钥
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static SecretKey getSecretKey(String publicKey, String privateKey)
			throws Exception {
		// 初始化公钥
		byte[] pubKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);

		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(pubKeyBytes);
		PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

		// 初始化私钥
		byte[] priKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);

		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(priKeyBytes);
		Key priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		KeyAgreement keyAgree = KeyAgreement.getInstance(keyFactory
				.getAlgorithm());
		keyAgree.init(priKey);
		keyAgree.doPhase(pubKey, true);

		// 生成本地密钥
		SecretKey secretKey = keyAgree.generateSecret(SECRET_ALGORITHM);

		return secretKey;
	}

	/**
	 * 取得私钥
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);

		return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
	}

	/**
	 * 取得公钥
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);

		return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
	}
}


再给出一个测试类:
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * 
 * @author 梁栋
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class DHCoderTest {

	@Test
	public void test() throws Exception {
		// 生成甲方密钥对儿
		Map<String, Object> aKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey();
		String aPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(aKeyMap);
		String aPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(aKeyMap);

		System.err.println("甲方公钥:\r" + aPublicKey);
		System.err.println("甲方私钥:\r" + aPrivateKey);
		
		// 由甲方公钥产生本地密钥对儿
		Map<String, Object> bKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey(aPublicKey);
		String bPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(bKeyMap);
		String bPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(bKeyMap);
		
		System.err.println("乙方公钥:\r" + bPublicKey);
		System.err.println("乙方私钥:\r" + bPrivateKey);
		
		String aInput = "abc ";
		System.err.println("原文: " + aInput);

		// 由甲方公钥,乙方私钥构建密文
		byte[] aCode = DHCoder.encrypt(aInput.getBytes(), aPublicKey,
				bPrivateKey);

		// 由乙方公钥,甲方私钥解密
		byte[] aDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(aCode, bPublicKey, aPrivateKey);
		String aOutput = (new String(aDecode));

		System.err.println("解密: " + aOutput);

		assertEquals(aInput, aOutput);

		System.err.println(" ===============反过来加密解密================== ");
		String bInput = "def ";
		System.err.println("原文: " + bInput);

		// 由乙方公钥,甲方私钥构建密文
		byte[] bCode = DHCoder.encrypt(bInput.getBytes(), bPublicKey,
				aPrivateKey);

		// 由甲方公钥,乙方私钥解密
		byte[] bDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(bCode, aPublicKey, bPrivateKey);
		String bOutput = (new String(bDecode));

		System.err.println("解密: " + bOutput);

		assertEquals(bInput, bOutput);
	}

}


控制台输出:
甲方公钥:
MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAdAWBVmIzqcko
Ej6qFjLDL2+Y3FPq1iRbnOyOpDj71yKaK1K+FhTv04B0zy4DKcvAASV7/Gv0W+bgqdmffRkqrQ==

甲方私钥:
MIHRAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQyAjACJRfy1LyR
eHyD+4Hfb+xR0uoIGR1oL9i9Nk6g2AAuaDPgEVWHn+QXID13yL/uDos=

乙方公钥:
MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAVEYSfBA+I9nr
dWw3OBv475C+eBrWBBYqt0m6/eu4ptuDQHwV4MmUtKAC2wc2nNrdb1wmBhY1X8RnWkJ1XmdDbQ==

乙方私钥:
MIHSAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQzAjEAqaZiCdXp
2iNpdBlHRaO9ir70wo2n32xNlIzIX19VLSPCDdeUWkgRv4CEj/8k+/yd

原文: abc 
解密: abc 
 ===============反过来加密解密================== 
原文: def 
解密: def


如我所言,甲乙双方在获得对方公钥后可以对发送给对方的数据加密,同时也能对接收到的数据解密,达到了数据安全通信的目的!



相关链接:
Java加密技术(一)——BASE64与单向加密算法MD5&SHA&MAC
Java加密技术(二)——对称加密DES&AES
Java加密技术(三)——PBE算法
Java加密技术(四)——非对称加密算法RSA
Java加密技术(五)——非对称加密算法的由来DH
Java加密技术(六)——数字签名算法DSA
Java加密技术(七)——非对称加密算法最高ECC
Java加密技术(八)——数字证书
Java加密技术(九)——初探SSL
Java加密技术(十)——单向认证
Java加密技术(十一)——双向认证
Java加密技术(十二)——*.PFX(*.p12)&个人信息交换文件

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/mohaiyong/blog/221266

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