Android 音频焦点管理
开始之前先来一个 Google Developer 链接镇楼,本文主要基于Android P版本的音频焦点机制的梳理学习
什么是音频焦点管理
官方的解释是两个或两个以上的 Android 应用可同时向同一输出流播放音频。系统会将所有音频流混合在一起。虽然这是一项出色的技术,但却会给用户带来很大的困扰。为了避免所有音乐应用同时播放,Android 引入了“音频焦点”的概念。 一次只能有一个应用获得音频焦点。
当您的应用需要输出音频时,它需要请求获得音频焦点,获得焦点后,就可以播放声音了。不过,在你的应用获得音频焦点后,可能无法将其一直持有到播放完成。其他应用可以请求焦点,从而占有你持有的音频焦点。如果发生这种情况,你的应用应暂停播放或降低音量,以便于用户听到新的音频源。
音频焦点采用合作模式。建议应用遵守音频焦点准则,但系统不会强制执行这些准则。如果应用想要在失去音频焦点后继续大声播放,系统无法阻止它。在这种情况下,就会给用户造成一种不好的体验。
音频焦点的申请
android 8.0前后有差异,我们主要看android 8.0及其以后的
//1、先获取一个AudioManager
audioManager = (AudioManager) Context.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
//2、创建AudioAttributes,AudioAttributes 描述了应用的用例。系统会在应用获得和失去音频焦点时查看这些属性。这些属性取代了音频流类型的概念。
mAudioAttributes = new AudioAttributes.Builder()
.setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA)
.setContentType(AudioAttributes.CONTENT_TYPE_MUSIC)
.build();
//3、创建AudioFocusRequest,其中有如下重要的字段
mFocusRequest = new AudioFocusRequest.Builder(AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN)
.setFocusGain(AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN)
.setAudioAttributes(mAudioAttributes)
.setWillPauseWhenDucked(true)
.setAcceptsDelayedFocusGain(true)
.setOnAudioFocusChangeListener(new AudioManager.OnAudioFocusChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onAudioFocusChange(int focusChange) {
Log.d("kevin", " foucs change type = " + focusChange);
switch (focusChange) {
case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS:
Log.d("kevin", "AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS");
//失去焦点,暂停处理,暂停播放当前音乐
//你会长时间的失去焦点,所以不要指望在短时间内能获得。请结束自己的相关音频工作并做好收尾工作。比如另外一个音乐播放器开始播放音乐了,前提是这个另外的音乐播放器他也实现了音频焦点的控制,
break;
case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT_CAN_DUCK:
Log.d("kevin", "AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT_CAN_DUCK");
//你的焦点会短暂失去,但是你可以与新的使用者共同使用音频焦点
break;
case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT:
Log.d("kevin", "AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT");
//你会短暂的失去音频焦点,你可以暂停音乐,但不要释放资源,因为你一会就可以夺回焦点并继续使用
//如听音乐过程中,收到电话
break;
case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN:
Log.d("kevin", "AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN");
//播放操作
//你已经完全获得了音频焦点
break;
default:
Log.d("kevin", "Unknown audio focus change code");
}
}
})
.build();
//4、请求获得音频焦点
audioManager.requestAudioFocus(mFocusRequest);
看了上述代码,可能会有几个疑问:
1、音频流类型的概念,Android为不同的应用在不同的场合定义了不同的流类型
电话:STREAM_VOICE_CALL
系统:STREAM_SYSTEM
铃声:STREAM_RING
音乐:STREAM_MUSIC
闹钟:STREAM_ALARM
通知:STREAM_NOTIFICATION
蓝牙:STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO
其他国家的提示音:STREAM_SYSTEM_ENFORCED
双音多频:STREAM_DTMF
TTS: STREAM_TTS
这部分Stream Type可以自己扩展
2、setFocusGain()
每个请求中必要的字段,可以理解为告诉系统,该应用需要使用焦点多长时间
AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN 长时间持有音频焦点
AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN_TRANSIENT 只希望在短时间内播放音频,类似通知
AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN_TRANSIENT_MAY_DUCK 只希望在短时间内播放音频,并允许前一个持有焦点的应用在降低其音频输出的情况下继续播放,此参数会触发其他监听器的AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT_CAN_DUCK
AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN_TRANSIENT_EXCLUSIVE 用于表示对音频焦点的临时请求,类似录音等请求操作
3、setWillPauseWhenDucked()
当其他应用使用 AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN_TRANSIENT_MAY_DUCK 请求焦点时,持有焦点的应用通常不会收到 onAudioFocusChange() 回调,因为系统可以自行降低音量。如果您需要暂停播放而不是降低音量,请调用 setWillPauseWhenDucked(true),然后创建并设置 OnAudioFocusChangeListener
4、setAcceptsDelayedFocusGain
当焦点被其他应用锁定时,对音频焦点的请求可能会失败。此方法可实现延迟获取焦点,即在焦点可用时异步获取焦点。请注意,要使“延迟获取焦点”起作用,您还必须在音频请求中指定 AudioManager.OnAudioFocusChangeListener,因为您的应用必须收到回调才能知道自己获取了焦点
5、setOnAudioFocusChangeListener
一般来说,在原生请求中指定了 willPauseWhenDucked(true) 或 setAcceptsDelayedFocusGain(true) 时,才需要 OnAudioFocusChangeListener。
音频焦点的申请流程
AudioManager requestAudioFocus(AudioFocusRequest focusRequest)
--> requestAudioFocus(AudioFocusRequest afr, AudioPolicy ap)
public int requestAudioFocus(@NonNull AudioFocusRequest afr, @Nullable AudioPolicy ap) {
//将AudioFocusRequest 中listener 保存到一个ConcurrentHashMap中
registerAudioFocusRequest(afr);
//关于AudioPolicy ap 这个参数我们后面再说
...
//获取IAudioService
final IAudioService service = getService();
...
//通过binder 调用AudioService的requestAudioFocus
synchronized (mFocusRequestsLock) {
try {
// TODO status contains result and generation counter for ext policy
status = service.requestAudioFocus(afr.getAudioAttributes(),
afr.getFocusGain(), mICallBack,
mAudioFocusDispatcher,
clientId,
getContext().getOpPackageName() /* package name */, afr.getFlags(),
ap != null ? ap.cb() : null,
sdk);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
//看返回结果是不是支持外部处理AudioFocus,如果不是就返回原生的结果
if (status != AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_WAITING_FOR_EXT_POLICY) {
// default path with no external focus policy
return status;
}
}
...
return focusReceiver.requestResult();
}
上述方法中主要做了三件事:
1、参数校验
2、调用到了AudioService的requestAudioFocus
3、判断是否有外部的AudioPolicy,如果没有的话,就返回原生的结果。如果有,就等待外部的AudioPolicy的处理结果。
下面看下AudioService的requestAudioFocus方法
public int requestAudioFocus(AudioAttributes aa, int durationHint, IBinder cb,
IAudioFocusDispatcher fd, String clientId, String callingPackageName, int flags,
IAudioPolicyCallback pcb, int sdk) {
...
//调用 MediaFocusControl 的 requestAudioFocus
return mMediaFocusControl.requestAudioFocus(aa, durationHint, cb, fd,
clientId, callingPackageName, flags, sdk,
forceFocusDuckingForAccessibility(aa, durationHint, uid));
}
接着调用 MediaFocusControl 的 requestAudioFocus,这个方法很长,挑重要的地方看,如下:
protected int requestAudioFocus(AudioAttributes aa, int focusChangeHint, IBinder cb,
IAudioFocusDispatcher fd, String clientId, String callingPackageName, int flags,
int sdk, boolean forceDuck) {
synchronized(mAudioFocusLock) {
//申请成功的焦点都放到焦点栈中维护起来,焦点栈的存储的音频焦点信息不能超过MAX_STACK_SIZE
if (mFocusStack.size() > MAX_STACK_SIZE) {
Log.e(TAG, "Max AudioFocus stack size reached, failing requestAudioFocus()");
return AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED;
}
//...
//判断是否使用外部的策略,这个地方比较重要
// external focus policy?
if (notifyExtFocusPolicyFocusRequest_syncAf(
afiForExtPolicy, fd, cb)) {
// stop handling focus request here as it is handled by external audio focus policy
return AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_WAITING_FOR_EXT_POLICY;
}
//如果申请的焦点已经在栈顶,则直接返回成功
if (!mFocusStack.empty() && mFocusStack.peek().hasSameClient(clientId)) {
// if focus is already owned by this client and the reason for acquiring the focus
// hasn't changed, don't do anything
final FocusRequester fr = mFocusStack.peek();
if (fr.getGainRequest() == focusChangeHint && fr.getGrantFlags() == flags) {
// unlink death handler so it can be gc'ed.
// linkToDeath() creates a JNI global reference preventing collection.
cb.unlinkToDeath(afdh, 0);
notifyExtPolicyFocusGrant_syncAf(fr.toAudioFocusInfo(),
AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED);
return AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED;
}
//这个地方可以理解为同一个listener申请了两次焦点,将第一次的移除
// the reason for the audio focus request has changed: remove the current top of
// stack and respond as if we had a new focus owner
if (!focusGrantDelayed) {
mFocusStack.pop();
// the entry that was "popped" is the same that was "peeked" above
fr.release();
}
}
if (focusGrantDelayed) {
// focusGrantDelayed being true implies we can't reassign focus right now
// which implies the focus stack is not empty.
//对于申请delay的焦点直接放入栈中被delay的焦点下面
final int requestResult = pushBelowLockedFocusOwners(nfr);
if (requestResult != AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED) {
notifyExtPolicyFocusGrant_syncAf(nfr.toAudioFocusInfo(), requestResult);
}
return requestResult;
} else {
// propagate the focus change through the stack
//如果不是delay的焦点,那么就和其他的焦点比较
if (!mFocusStack.empty()) {
propagateFocusLossFromGain_syncAf(focusChangeHint, nfr, forceDuck);
}
// push focus requester at the top of the audio focus stack
mFocusStack.push(nfr);
nfr.handleFocusGainFromRequest(AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED);
}
notifyExtPolicyFocusGrant_syncAf(nfr.toAudioFocusInfo(),
AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED);
if (ENFORCE_MUTING_FOR_RING_OR_CALL & enteringRingOrCall) {
runAudioCheckerForRingOrCallAsync(true/*enteringRingOrCall*/);
}
}//synchronized(mAudioFocusLock)
return AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED;
}
关于上述中的mFocusPolicy,如果不为null的话,将会使用外部AudioPolicy,这个部分可以作为AudioPolicy客制化使用。可以看到焦点的申请流程大概到这里就结束了。其中有涉及到很多焦点的仲裁处理,就需要我们自己慢慢的去看了。
简单的流程就是:
–>AudioManager.java requestAudioFocus
–> AudioService.java requestAudioFocus
–> MediaFocusControl.java -->requestAudioFocus
然后在MediaFocusControl中判断是否走外部音频策略
–>如果是外部策略notifyExtFocusPolicyFocusRequest_syncAf
–>mFocusPolicy.notifyAudioFocusRequest(afi, AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED)
–>mFocusListener.onAudioFocusRequest((AudioFocusInfo) msg.obj, msg.arg1);
listener由外部策略实现
外部音频策略
根据Google官方的文档说明就是Android P automovie版本支持对外部音频策略,主要包括外部音频焦点策略和外部音频路由策略两部分。原因大概就是对车载系统而言,音频焦点需求更复杂 同时 音频路由相比手机版而言更简洁。
外部音频焦点策略
我们看到在requestAudioFocus的过程中,MediaFocusControl部分有一个AudioPolicy的判断。我们简单的看一下这个mAudioPolicy是如何而来的。
下面我们看先在Car模块中是如何使用的:
我们先看Car音频相关的CarAudioService
在CarAudioService 的 init()
方法中有一个setupDynamicRouting()
方法实现了注册
private AudioPolicy getDynamicAudioPolicy(@NonNull IAudioControl audioControl) {
//创建policy build对象
AudioPolicy.Builder builder = new AudioPolicy.Builder(mContext);
builder.setLooper(Looper.getMainLooper());
// 1st, enumerate all output bus device ports
AudioDeviceInfo[] deviceInfos = mAudioManager.getDevices(AudioManager.GET_DEVICES_OUTPUTS);
if (deviceInfos.length == 0) {
Log.e(CarLog.TAG_AUDIO, "getDynamicAudioPolicy, no output device available, ignore");
return null;
}
for (AudioDeviceInfo info : deviceInfos) {
Log.v(CarLog.TAG_AUDIO, String.format("output id=%d address=%s type=%s",
info.getId(), info.getAddress(), info.getType()));
if (info.getType() == AudioDeviceInfo.TYPE_BUS) {
final CarAudioDeviceInfo carInfo = new CarAudioDeviceInfo(info);
// See also the audio_policy_configuration.xml and getBusForContext in
// audio control HAL, the bus number should be no less than zero.
if (carInfo.getBusNumber() >= 0) {
mCarAudioDeviceInfos.put(carInfo.getBusNumber(), carInfo);
Log.i(CarLog.TAG_AUDIO, "Valid bus found " + carInfo);
}
}
}
// 2nd, map context to physical bus
try {
for (int contextNumber : CONTEXT_NUMBERS) {
int busNumber = audioControl.getBusForContext(contextNumber);
mContextToBus.put(contextNumber, busNumber);
CarAudioDeviceInfo info = mCarAudioDeviceInfos.get(busNumber);
if (info == null) {
Log.w(CarLog.TAG_AUDIO, "No bus configured for context: " + contextNumber);
}
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(CarLog.TAG_AUDIO, "Error mapping context to physical bus", e);
}
// 3rd, enumerate all physical buses and build the routing policy.
// Note that one can not register audio mix for same bus more than once.
for (int i = 0; i < mCarAudioDeviceInfos.size(); i++) {
int busNumber = mCarAudioDeviceInfos.keyAt(i);
boolean hasContext = false;
CarAudioDeviceInfo info = mCarAudioDeviceInfos.valueAt(i);
//将mix规则与设备关联起来并创建Mix对象
//其中info为设备的相关信息,比如采样率、格式、通道数
AudioFormat mixFormat = new AudioFormat.Builder()
.setSampleRate(info.getSampleRate())
.setEncoding(info.getEncodingFormat())
.setChannelMask(info.getChannelCount())
.build();
// 创建Mix规则 build对象
AudioMixingRule.Builder mixingRuleBuilder = new AudioMixingRule.Builder();
for (int j = 0; j < mContextToBus.size(); j++) {
if (mContextToBus.valueAt(j) == busNumber) {
hasContext = true;
int contextNumber = mContextToBus.keyAt(j);
int[] usages = getUsagesForContext(contextNumber);
for (int usage : usages) {
//注册路由规则,规则支持多种,见AudioMixingRule。这里采用usage匹配规则,意思是
// 根据应用播发音频时指定的usage/streamType来选择对应的输出设备。
mixingRuleBuilder.addRule(
new AudioAttributes.Builder().setUsage(usage).build(),
AudioMixingRule.RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE);
}
}
}
if (hasContext) {
// It's a valid case that an audio output bus is defined in
// audio_policy_configuration and no context is assigned to it.
// In such case, do not build a policy mix with zero rules.
//deviceinfo为具体的设备,RouteFlags表示为ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER表示对应输出,同一我们可以针对输入建立规则
AudioMix audioMix = new AudioMix.Builder(mixingRuleBuilder.build())
.setFormat(mixFormat)
.setDevice(info.getAudioDeviceInfo())
.setRouteFlags(AudioMix.ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER)
.build();
//添加mix规则,可以添加多个
builder.addMix(audioMix);
}
}
// 4th, attach the {@link AudioPolicyVolumeCallback}
builder.setAudioPolicyVolumeCallback(mAudioPolicyVolumeCallback);
//创建AudioPolicy对象
return builder.build();
}
创建好了AudioPolicy对象之后,通过AudioManager来注册registerAudioPolicy
public int registerAudioPolicy(@NonNull AudioPolicy policy) {
//...
final IAudioService service = getService();
try {
//getConfig 路由策略Mix的封装
//cb 音频焦点回调对象
//hasFocusListener 是否由焦点监听对象,与上文对应
//isVolumeController 音量回调对象,即音量加、减、静音,有兴趣自己查看实现。
String regId = service.registerAudioPolicy(policy.getConfig(), policy.cb(),
policy.hasFocusListener(), policy.isFocusPolicy(), policy.isVolumeController());
if (regId == null) {
return ERROR;
} else {
//注册成功之后设置状态
policy.setRegistration(regId);
}
// successful registration
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
return SUCCESS;
}
我们可以从上面的代码中看到是通过AudioService来registerAudioPolicy
public String registerAudioPolicy(AudioPolicyConfig policyConfig, IAudioPolicyCallback pcb,
boolean hasFocusListener, boolean isFocusPolicy, boolean isVolumeController) {
//注册回调,当native Mix注册成功时会通知上层状态更新
AudioSystem.setDynamicPolicyCallback(mDynPolicyCallback);
//...
synchronized (mAudioPolicies) {
try {
//...
//二次封装为AudioPolicyProxy、实际上在AudioPolicyProxy构造方法内部,才是真正的注册
AudioPolicyProxy app = new AudioPolicyProxy(policyConfig, pcb, hasFocusListener,
isFocusPolicy, isVolumeController);
//binder的死亡监听
pcb.asBinder().linkToDeath(app, 0/*flags*/);
regId = app.getRegistrationId();
//从这可以看出能够支持多个策略
mAudioPolicies.put(pcb.asBinder(), app);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// audio policy owner has already died!
Slog.w(TAG, "Audio policy registration failed, could not link to " + pcb +
" binder death", e);
return null;
}
}
return regId;
}
我们看下AudioPolicyProxy的构造方法,很快我们就能知道在MediaFocusControl中的mAudioPolicy对象是哪儿来的了
AudioPolicyProxy(AudioPolicyConfig config, IAudioPolicyCallback token,
boolean hasFocusListener, boolean isFocusPolicy, boolean isVolumeController) {
//...
//有外部焦点策略意味着mHasFocusListener不为空
if (mHasFocusListener) {
mMediaFocusControl.addFocusFollower(mPolicyCallback);
// can only ever be true if there is a focus listener
//只有当明确设置外部策略时才会采用外部焦点策略
if (isFocusPolicy) {
mIsFocusPolicy = true;
//设置FocusPolicy,也就是在MediaFocusControl中的mAudioPolicy的来处
mMediaFocusControl.setFocusPolicy(mPolicyCallback);
}
}
//设置音量控制的回调
if (mIsVolumeController) {
setExtVolumeController(mPolicyCallback);
}
//注册mix策略
connectMixes();
}
感觉在AudioPolicyProxy的构造方法中的几个方法都挺重要的,我们就简单的看下,先看addFocusFollower
void addFocusFollower(IAudioPolicyCallback ff) {
//...
//addFocusFollower将监听加入mFocusFollowers集合
mFocusFollowers.add(ff);
notifyExtPolicyCurrentFocusAsync(ff);
}
我们可以全局搜索到mFocusFollowers的使用的地方是在notifyExtPolicyFocusLoss_syncAf
和 notifyExtPolicyFocusGrant_syncAf
两个方法中,分别代表的是通知应用获丢失焦点和通知应用获得焦点
接下来我们看下AudioPolicyProxy的下一个方法mMediaFocusControl.setFocusPolicy(mPolicyCallback);
这就是会把焦点赋值给MediaFocusControl中的mFocusPolicy对象。在MediaFocusControl中,当应用requestAudioFocus的时候会判断mFocusPolicy是否为null,如果不为null的话,就会通过外部的焦点策略来实现逻辑判断。当外部焦点策略逻辑走完之后会利用如下的API将结果告知给系统
public void setFocusRequestResult(@NonNull AudioFocusInfo afi,
@FocusRequestResult int requestResult, @NonNull AudioPolicy ap) {
if (afi == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null AudioFocusInfo");
}
if (ap == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null AudioPolicy");
}
final IAudioService service = getService();
try {
service.setFocusRequestResultFromExtPolicy(afi, requestResult, ap.cb());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
public void setFocusRequestResultFromExtPolicy(AudioFocusInfo afi, int requestResult,
IAudioPolicyCallback pcb) {
if (afi == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null AudioFocusInfo");
}
if (pcb == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null AudioPolicy callback");
}
synchronized (mAudioPolicies) {
if (!mAudioPolicies.containsKey(pcb.asBinder())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unregistered AudioPolicy for external focus");
}
mMediaFocusControl.setFocusRequestResultFromExtPolicy(afi, requestResult);
}
}
void setFocusRequestResultFromExtPolicy(AudioFocusInfo afi, int requestResult) {
synchronized (mExtFocusChangeLock) {
if (afi.getGen() > mExtFocusChangeCounter) {
return;
}
}
final FocusRequester fr = mFocusOwnersForFocusPolicy.get(afi.getClientId());
if (fr != null) {
fr.dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy(requestResult);
}
}
当系统拿到结果后,通过FocusRequester的dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy返回,在FocusRequester中调用的是IAudioFocusDispatcher的dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy方法,这
void dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy(int requestResult) {
//...
try {
mFocusDispatcher.dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy(requestResult, mClientId);
} catch (android.os.RemoteException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy: error talking to focus listener"
+ mClientId, e);
}
}
而上述代码中的mFocusDispatcher是在MediaFocusControl的requestAudioFocus方法中通过FocusRequester的构造方法传入,用到了AudioManager中的IAudioFocusDispatcher
,我们来看下在AudioManager中dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy
的实现
@Override
public void dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy(int requestResult, String clientId) {
synchronized (mFocusRequestsLock) {
// TODO use generation counter as the key instead
final BlockingFocusResultReceiver focusReceiver =
mFocusRequestsAwaitingResult.remove(clientId);
if (focusReceiver != null) {
//将request的结果更新给mFocusRequestResult,然后在AudioManager requestAudioFocus的时候返回给应用
focusReceiver.notifyResult(requestResult);
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy found no result receiver");
}
}
}
还记得我们在AudioManager中 requestAudioFocus方法中有一个地方会focusReceiver.waitForResult(EXT_FOCUS_POLICY_TIMEOUT_MS);
等待200ms,也就意味着上述的外部音频焦点策略理应在200ms内完成。
简单流程如下:
–>AudioManager.java registerAudioPolicy
–> AudioService.java registerAudioPolicy
–> new AudioPolicyProxy
–> MediaFocusControl.java setFocusPolicy
–> 走的是外部音频焦点策略,策略逻辑完成后需要调用AudioManager.java setFocusRequestResult
–>AudioService.java setFocusRequestResultFromExtPolicy
–>MediaFocusControl.java setFocusRequestResultFromExtPolicy
–>FocusRequester.java dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy
–>AudioManager.java dispatchFocusResultFromExtPolicy
–>focusReceiver.notifyResult
更新mFocusRequestResult的结果
–>在requestAudioFocus的最后通过focusReceiver.requestResult()
返回结果
外部音频路由策略
在Android中,将声音区分为不同的流类型,不同的流类型往往使用不同的设备进行输出,这就是音频策略。对于外部音频路由策略,可以粗略的理解为如何将声音输入输出的一个策略。本来打算主要先看音频焦点相关的,所以关于外部音频路由就简单的看一下
上述代码我们看到getDynamicAudioPolicy中有关于Mix Builder相关的,然后在AudioPolicyProxy的构造方法中,我们看到有个connectMixes
方法。在该方法内部会调用AudioSystem.registerPolicyMixes(mMixes, true);
,然后在AudioSystem中调用native的registerPolicyMixes
方法。简单流程如下:
–>AudioSystem.cpp registerPolicyMixes
–> IAudioPolicyService.cpp 从BpAudioPolicyService转到BnAudioPolicyService中的registerPolicyMixes
–> AudioPolicyService.h 继承BnAudioPolicyService 然后由AudioPolicyIntefaceImpl.cpp去实现
–> AudioPolicyManager.cpp registerPolicyMixes
本质就是通过 mPolicyMixes.registerMix(address, mixes[i], desc)
分别将LOOP_BACK、RENDER对应的AudioMix注册到mPolicyMixes对象中,后面根据如何根据输入输出执行策略的部分就暂时不展开了
需要注意的是策略不一定需要通过Java注册,也可以直接native方式,当设备被移除时,也需要删除此策略。
流程图
最后关于requestAudioFocus和外部AudioPolicy交互,画了个简单的流程图:
响应音频焦点更改
当应用获得音频焦点后,它必须能够在其他应用为自己请求音频焦点时释放该焦点。出现这种情况时,您的应用会收到对 AudioFocusChangeListener
中的 onAudioFocusChange()
方法的调用,该方法是在上述讲到的应用调用 requestAudioFocus()
时指定的。
传递给 onAudioFocusChange() 的 focusChange 参数表示所发生的更改类型。它对应于获取焦点的应用所使用的持续时间提示。主要分以下两种:
1、暂时性失去焦点
如果焦点更改是暂时性的(AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT_CAN_DUCK
或 AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT
),你的应用应该降低音量(如果您不依赖于自动降低音量)或暂停播放,否则保持相同的状态。
在暂时性失去音频焦点后,继续监控音频焦点的变化,并准备好在重新获得焦点后恢复正常播放。当抢占焦点的应用放弃焦点时,你的应用会收到一个回调 (AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN
)。然后重新获得焦点后,就可以继续播放。
2、永久性失去焦点
如果是永久性失去音频焦点 (AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS
),则其他应用会播放音频。那么你的应用需要立即暂停播放,因为它不会收到 AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN
回调。
音频焦点的放弃
AudioManager abandonAudioFocus() 就简单的梳理下流程,有兴趣的自行去看源码实现:
–>AudioManager.java abandonAudioFocus
–>AudioService.java abandonAudioFocus
–>MediaFocusControl.java abandonAudioFocus
同样的会通过mFocusPolicy来判断是否走外部AudioPolicy
–>如果是外部AudioPolicy走notifyExtFocusPolicyFocusAbandon_syncAf
–>mFocusPolicy.notifyAudioFocusAbandon(afi);
–>AudioPolicy.java mFocusListener.onAudioFocusAbandon((AudioFocusInfo) msg.obj);
–>通过应用注册进来的listener回调mFocusListener.onAudioFocusAbandon((AudioFocusInfo) msg.obj)
是不是觉得和requestAudioFocus差不多
需要注意的是:播放完毕一定要禁止掉请求的音频焦点也就是abandonAudioFocus(afChangeListener)
,否则,如果播放完毕后的某个时段刚好有个通话结束,并且此时没有其他的应用占用了焦点,系统会重新通知服务里的afChangeListener,导致音频再次的播放。如果丢失的短暂音频焦点允许DUCK状态AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT_CAN_DUCK,在这种情况下,应用程序降低音量继续播放,不需要暂停。再次获取后,恢复原来的音量。
释放音频焦点会有以下两种情况:
1、如果要释放的应用是在栈顶,则释放之后,还需要通知先在栈顶应用,其获得了audiofocus;
2、如果要释放的应用不是在栈顶,则只是移除这个记录,不需要更改当前audiofocus的占有情况。