Mongo--04 Mongo分片集群

2024-02-25 15:52:15

目录

一、分片的概念

1.有了副本集，为什么还需要分片？

副本集资源利用率不高
分片可以提高资源利用率

2.分片的缺点

理想情况下需要机器比较多
配置和运维变得复杂且困难
提前规划好特别重要，一旦建立后在想改变架构变得很困难

二、 分片工作原理

1.路由服务mongos

路由服务，提供代理，替用户去向后请求shard分片的数据

2.数据节点shard

负责处理数据的节点，每个shard都是分片集群的一部分

3.分片配置信息服务器config

保存数据分配在哪个shard上
保存所有shard的配置信
提供给mongos查询服务

4.片键

数据存放到哪个shard的区分规则
片键就是索引
选择片键的依据：
能够被经常访问到的字段
索引字段基数够大
Mongo--04 Mongo分片集群

分类：
区间片键
id  name   host  sex 
1   zhang  SH    boy
2   ya     BJ    boy 
3   yaya   SZ    girl

如果以id作为片键：
索引：id
1-100   shard1
100-200 shard2
200-300 shard3 
300-+无穷 shard4

如果以host作为片键：
SH  shard1
BJ  shard2 
SZ  shard3 

hash片键:
足够平均，足够随机
id  name   host  sex 
1   zhang  SH    boy
2   ya     BJ    boy 
3   yaya   SZ    girl

如果以id作为片键：
索引：id
1   hash 之后 shard2 
2   hash 之后 shard3 
3   hash 之后 shard1

三、IP端口目录规划

1.IP端口规划

1.IP端口规划
db01    10.0.0.51   
        Shard1_Master   28100
        Shard2_Slave    28200
        Shard3_Arbiter  28300
        Config Server   40000
        mongos Server   60000
        
db02    10.0.0.52   
        Shard2_Master   28100
        Shard3_Slave    28200
        Shard1_Arbiter  28300
        Config Server   40000
        mongos Server   60000
        
db03    10.0.0.53   
        Shard3_Master   28100
        Shard1_Slave    28200
        Shard2_Arbiter  28300
        Config Server   40000
        mongos Server   60000

2.目录规划

服务目录：
/opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/slave//{conf,log,pid}
/opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
/data/config/{conf,log,pid}
/data/mongos/{conf,log,pid}

数据目录：
/data/master/
/data/slave/
/data/arbiter/
/data/config/s

四、分片集群搭建副本集步骤

1.安装软件

注意：三台服务器都操作！！！
tar xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.13.tgz -C /opt/
ln -s /opt/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.13 /opt/mongodb
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mongodb/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

2.创建目录

注意：三台服务器都操作！！！
mkdir -p /opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/slave/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}

mkdir -p /data/master/
mkdir -p /data/slave/
mkdir -p /data/arbiter/

3.创建配置文件

db01创建配置文件

#master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

#slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

#aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

##############################################################################

db02创建配置文件

#master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

#slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

#aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

db03创建配置文件

#master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongod.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

#slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

#aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

4.优化警告

注意！三台服务器都操作！！！
useradd mongod -s /sbin/nologin -M 
echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

5.启动服务

mongod -f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf 
mongod -f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf 
mongod -f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf
netstat -lntup|grep mongod

6.初始化副本集

#db01 master节点初始化shard1的副本
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
rs.add("10.0.0.53:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.52:28300")

#db02 master节点初始化shard2的副本
mongo --port 28100
config = {
    _id:"shard2", 
    members:[
        {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.52:28100"},
        {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.51:28200"},
        {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.53:28300",arbiterOnly:true},
    ] 
}
rs.initiate(config)

#db03 master节点初始化shard3的副本
mongo --port 28100
config = {
    _id:"shard3", 
    members:[
        {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.53:28100"},
        {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.52:28200"},
        {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.51:28300",arbiterOnly:true},
    ] 
}
rs.initiate(config)

7.检查命令

mongo --port 28100
rs.status()

五、分片集群搭建config步骤

1.创建目录

mkdir -p /opt/config/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/config/

2.创建配置文件

cat >/opt/config/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/config/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/config/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/config/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 40000
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  replSetName: configset

sharding:
  clusterRole: configsvr
EOF

3.启动

mongod -f /opt/config/conf/mongod.conf

4.初始化副本集

mongo localhost:40000
rs.initiate({
    _id:"configset", 
    configsvr: true,
    members:[
        {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.51:40000"},
        {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.52:40000"},
        {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.53:40000"},
    ] })

5.检查

rs.status()

六、mongos配置

1.创建目录
mkdir -p /opt/mongos/{conf,log,pid}

2.创建配置文件
cat >/opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/mongos/log/mongos.log

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/mongos/pid/mongos.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 60000
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

sharding:
  configDB: 
    configset/10.0.0.51:40000,10.0.0.52:40000,10.0.0.53:40000
EOF

3.启动
mongos -f /opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf

4.登录
mongo --port 60000

七、分片配置

#1.区间分片：
数据库开启分片
mongo localhost:60000 .
#先切换到admin库下
use admin 
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "test" } )

#创建索引
mongo localhost:60000 
#进到test库
mongos> use test
switched to db test

db.range.ensureIndex( { id: 1 } )

#对集合开启分片，片键是id
use admin
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "test.range",key : {id: 1} } )

#插入测试数据
use test
for(i=1;i<10000;i++){ db.range.insert({"id":i,"name":"shanghai","age":28,"date":new Date()}); }
db.range.stats()
db.range.count()

#hash分片：
数据库开启分片
mongo --port 60000
use admin
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "oldboy" } )

#创建索引
use oldboy
db.hash.ensureIndex( { id: "hashed" } )

#集合开启哈希分片
use admin
sh.shardCollection( "oldboy.hash", { id: "hashed" } )

#生成测试数据
use oldboy
for(i=1;i<10000;i++){ db.hash.insert({"id":i,"name":"shenzheng","age":70,"date":new Date()}); }

#分片验证
shard1
mongo db01:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33755


shard2
mongo db02:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33142


shard3
mongo db03:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33102

八、分片集群常用管理命令

1列出分片所有详细信息
db.printShardingStatus()
sh.status()

2列出所有分片成员信息
use admin
db.runCommand({ listshards : 1})

3列出开启分片的数据库
use config
db.databases.find({"partitioned": true })

4查看分片的片键
use config
db.collections.find().pretty()

5查看集合的分片信息
use test
db.getCollection('range').getShardDistribution()
db.getCollection('hash').getShardDistribution()
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