1、组合模式简介
1.1>、定义
组合模式主要用来处理一类具有“容器特征”的对象——即它们在充当对象的同时,又可以作为容器包含其他多个对象。
1.2>、使用频率
中高
2、组合模式结构图
2.1>、结构图
2.2>、参与者
组合模式参与者:
◊ Component
° 声明组合中对象的接口;
° 实现全部类中公共接口的默认行为;
° 声明访问和管理子类的接口;
° (可选择)定义接口提供在递归结构中访问父类。
◊ Leaf
° 表示在组合对象中叶子节点对象,没有子节点;
° 定义组合对象中的初始行为。
◊ Composite
° 定义Component子类的行为;
° 保存Component子类;
° 实现Component接口的子类关联操作。
◊ Client
° 通过Component接口组合多个对象。
3、组合模式结构实现
Component.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
public abstract class Component
{
protected string _name; public Component(string name)
{
this._name = name;
} public abstract void Add(Component c); public abstract void Remove(Component c); public abstract void Display(int depth);
}
}
Leaf.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
public class Leaf : Component
{
public Leaf(string name)
: base(name)
{
} public override void Add(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot add to a leaf");
} public override void Remove(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot remove from a leaf");
} public override void Display(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + _name);
}
}
}
Composite.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
public class Composite : Component
{
private List<Component> _children = new List<Component>(); public Composite(string name)
: base(name)
{
} public override void Add(Component component)
{
_children.Add(component);
} public override void Remove(Component component)
{
_children.Remove(component);
} public override void Display(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + _name); foreach (Component component in _children)
{
component.Display(depth + );
}
}
}
}
Client.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
public class Client
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Create a tree structure
Composite root = new Composite("root");
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B")); Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");
comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB")); root.Add(comp);
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C")); // Add and remove a leaf
Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");
root.Add(leaf);
root.Remove(leaf); // Recursively display tree
root.Display();
}
}
}
运行结果:
-root
---Leaf A
---Leaf B
---Composite X
-----Leaf XA
-----Leaf XB
---Leaf C
请按任意键继续. . .
4、组合模式实践应用
Shape.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
public abstract class Shape
{
protected string _name; public Shape(string name)
{
this._name = name;
} /// <summary>
/// 面积
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public abstract double Area(); /// <summary>
/// 显示
/// </summary>
public abstract void Display();
}
}
Circle.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
/// <summary>
/// 圆形
/// </summary>
public class Circle : Shape
{
private double _radius; public Circle(string name, double radius)
: base(name)
{
this._radius = radius;
} public override double Area()
{
return Math.Round(Math.PI * _radius * _radius, );
} public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} 半径:{1},面积:{2}", _name, _radius, this.Area());
}
}
}
Rectangle.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
/// <summary>
/// 矩形
/// </summary>
public class Rectangle : Shape
{
private double _width;
private double _height; public Rectangle(string name, double width, double height)
: base(name)
{
this._width = width;
this._height = height;
} public override double Area()
{
return _width * _height;
} public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} 长:{1},宽:{2},面积:{3}", _name, _width, _height, this.Area());
}
}
}
Triangle.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
/// <summary>
/// 三角形
/// </summary>
public class Triangle : Shape
{
private double _a;
private double _b;
private double _c; /// <summary>
/// 三角形构造函数
/// 参数:三角形名称和三条边长
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">三角形名称</param>
/// <param name="a">第一条边长</param>
/// <param name="b">第二条边长</param>
/// <param name="c">第三条边长</param>
public Triangle(string name, double a, double b, double c)
: base(name)
{
_a = a;
_b = b;
_c = c;
} public override double Area()
{
double p = (_a + _b + _c) / ;
return Math.Sqrt(p * (p - _a) * (p - _b) * (p - _c));
} public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} 三条边长:{1},{2},{3},面积:{3}", _name, _a, _b, _c, this.Area());
}
}
}
Graphics.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
public class Graphics : Shape
{
private List<Shape> _children = new List<Shape>(); public Graphics(string name)
: base(name)
{ } public override double Area()
{
double sum = ;
foreach (Shape child in _children)
{
sum += child.Area();
}
return sum;
} public override void Display()
{
foreach (Shape child in _children)
{
child.Display();
} Console.WriteLine("{0} 总面积:{1}", _name, this.Area());
} public void Add(Shape child)
{
_children.Add(child);
} public void Remove(Shape child)
{
_children.Remove(child);
}
}
}
Client.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
public class Client
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Graphics graphics = new Graphics("全部图形"); Circle circle = new Circle("圆形", );
graphics.Add(circle); Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle("矩形", , );
graphics.Add(rectangle); Triangle triangle = new Triangle("三角形", , , );
graphics.Add(triangle); graphics.Display();
}
}
}
运行结果:
圆形 半径:,面积:78.54
矩形 长:,宽:,面积:
三角形 三条边长:,,,面积:
全部图形 总面积:104.54
请按任意键继续. . .
5、组合模式应用分析
组合模式可以适用以下情形:
◊ 希望把对象表示成部分—整体层次结构;
◊ 希望用户忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同,用户将统一地使用组合结构中所有对象。
组合模式具有以下特点:
◊ 定义了包含基本对象和组合对象的类层次结构。基本对象可以被组合成更复杂的组合对象,而这个组合对象又可以被组合,不断的递归下去。客户代码中,任何用到基本对象的地方都可以使用组合对象;
◊ 简化客户代码。客户可以一致地使用组合结构和单个对象。这样用户就不必关心处理的是一个叶子节点还是一个组合组件,从而简化了客户代码;
◊ 使得新增类型的组件更加容易。新定义的Composite或Leaf子类自动地与已有的结构和客户代码一起协同工作,客户程序不需因新的Component类而改变。
6、参考资料