一、Reading

Ray was walking on the beach one summer day when he heard a little boy shout, Help! Help! "The boy was drowning. Without thinking, Ray dove into the water. Soon he was swimming back to shore with the boy. Crowds of people were watching eagerly. After a while the boy was breathing again. Then the boy sat up and said to Ray, "You are my hero."

二、解析

■ Ray was walking on the beach one summer day when he heard a little boy shout, Help! Help! "

• 时态：过去进行时
• 主：Ray
• 谓：was walking
• 地状：on the beach
• 时状：one summer day
• 时状从：when he heard a little boy shout, "Help! Help!"
  • 引导词：when（这时...）
  • 主：he
  • 谓：heard
  • 宾：a little
  • 宾补：shout，"Help! Help!"
    • 动：shout
    • 宾："Help! Help!"

主 + was/were + 现在分词 + when 所引导的过去时状从：...正在...这时...就...
I was having dinner when he came.
（我正在吃饭，这时他就来了。）

shout at + 人：对着某人大叫

■ The boy was drowning.

• 时态：过去进行时
• 主：The boy
• 谓：was drowning.

■ Without thinking, Ray dove into the water.

• 时态：一般过去时
• 方状：Without thinking
• 主：Ray
• 谓：dove into
• 宾：the water.

dive 三态：dive，dove/dived，dove/dived。
I can swim，but I'm afraid to dive.
（我会游泳，但我不敢跳水。）

■ Soon he was swimming back to shore with the boy.

• 时态：过去进行时
• 状：Soon
• 主：he
• 谓：was swimming
• 地状：back to（the）shore
• 伴随状语：with the boy.

■ Crowds of people were watching eagerly.

• 时态：过去进行时
• 定：Crowds of
• 主：people
• 谓：were watching
• 状：eagerly.

crowds of...：成群的
a crowd of...：一群的

■ After a while the boy was breathing again.

• 时态：过去进行时
• 时状：After a while
• 主：the boy
• 系：was breathing
• 方状：again.

after a while：一会儿之后（介词短语，作副词）
while：n. 一段时间

■ Then the boy sat up and said to Ray, "You are my hero."

• 状：Then
• 主：the boy
• 谓：sat up and said
• 状：to Ray
• 宾："You are my hero."

三、语法：

3.1 过去进行的形态及功能

形态：主 + was/were + 现在分词

功能：

• 表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。
• leave（离开）、come（来）、go（去）等表示“来”或“去”的动词可用于过去进行时的句中。表示过去即将发生的事情。
  He told me that he was leaving soon.
  = He told me that he would leave soon.
  = He told me that he would be leaving soon.
  （他告诉我他很快就要离开了）

3.2 及物动词接宾语再接动词作宾补

“看（如 see）”、“听（如 hear）”、“感觉（如 feel）” 等三类及物动词，接了宾语之后，可用动词原形、现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。

• （1）以动词原型作补足语：
  旨在强调确有事情发生
  I saw him steal my money.
  I heard him sing.
• （2）以现在分词作补足语
  旨在强调事情正在发生
  I saw him stealing my money.
  I heard him singing.
• （3）以过去分词作补足语
  旨在强调被动语态
  I saw him punished.
  （我看到他被处罚了。）
  I heard him dragged away.
  （我听到他被拖走的声音。）