Standard Module List
点击Module名字，可导航至python官方的Python Document相关模块说明。
若是英文阅读吃力，可在参考本文件夹下相关模块内容后，再行阅读（可能也没必要阅读了）。
以下列表，内置模块总计205个。
嗯，所以当你用到的时候再来查阅就好了，
单独全面学习的话，我也没说不好。。。
| _ | |
|---|---|
__future__ |
Future statement definitions |
__main__ |
The environment where the top-level script is run. |
_thread |
Low-level threading API. |
| a | |
abc |
Abstract base classes according to :pep:3119. |
aifc |
Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format. |
argparse |
Command-line option and argument parsing library. |
array |
Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values. |
ast |
Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation. |
asynchat |
Support for asynchronous command/response protocols. |
asyncio |
Asynchronous I/O. |
asyncore |
A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling services. |
atexit |
Register and execute cleanup functions. |
audioop |
Manipulate raw audio data. |
| b | |
base64 |
RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85 |
bdb |
Debugger framework. |
binascii |
Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. |
binhex |
Encode and decode files in binhex4 format. |
bisect |
Array bisection algorithms for binary searching. |
builtins |
The module that provides the built-in namespace. |
bz2 |
Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression. |
| c | |
calendar |
Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program. |
cgi |
Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface. |
cgitb |
Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts. |
chunk |
Module to read IFF chunks. |
cmath |
Mathematical functions for complex numbers. |
cmd |
Build line-oriented command interpreters. |
code |
Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops. |
codecs |
Encode and decode data and streams. |
codeop |
Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code. |
collections |
Container datatypes |
colorsys |
Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems. |
compileall |
Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree. |
concurrent |
|
configparser |
Configuration file parser. |
contextlib |
Utilities for with-statement contexts. |
contextvars |
Context Variables |
copy |
Shallow and deep copy operations. |
copyreg |
Register pickle support functions. |
cProfile |
|
crypt (Unix)
|
The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. |
csv |
Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files. |
ctypes |
A foreign function library for Python. |
curses (Unix)
|
An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. |
| d | |
dataclasses |
Generate special methods on user-defined classes. |
datetime |
Basic date and time types. |
dbm |
Interfaces to various Unix “database” formats. |
decimal |
Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification. |
difflib |
Helpers for computing differences between objects. |
dis |
Disassembler for Python bytecode. |
distutils |
Support for building and installing Python modules into an existing Python installation. |
doctest |
Test pieces of code within docstrings. |
| e | |
email |
Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages. |
encodings |
|
ensurepip |
Bootstrapping the “pip” installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment. |
enum |
Implementation of an enumeration class. |
errno |
Standard errno system symbols. |
| f | |
faulthandler |
Dump the Python traceback. |
fcntl (Unix)
|
The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. |
filecmp |
Compare files efficiently. |
fileinput |
Loop over standard input or a list of files. |
fnmatch |
Unix shell style filename pattern matching. |
formatter |
已移除: Generic output formatter and device interface. |
fractions |
Rational numbers. |
ftplib |
FTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
functools |
Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects. |
| g | |
gc |
Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector. |
getopt |
Portable parser for command line options; support both short and long option names. |
getpass |
Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid. |
gettext |
Multilingual internationalization services. |
glob |
Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion. |
graphlib |
Functionality to operate with graph-like structures |
grp (Unix)
|
The group database (getgrnam() and friends). |
gzip |
Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects. |
| h | |
hashlib |
Secure hash and message digest algorithms. |
heapq |
Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue). |
hmac |
Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation |
html |
Helpers for manipulating HTML. |
http |
HTTP status codes and messages |
| i | |
imaplib |
IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets). |
imghdr |
Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream. |
imp |
已移除: Access the implementation of the import statement. |
importlib |
The implementation of the import machinery. |
inspect |
Extract information and source code from live objects. |
io |
Core tools for working with streams. |
ipaddress |
IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library. |
itertools |
Functions creating iterators for efficient looping. |
| j | |
json |
Encode and decode the JSON format. |
| k | |
keyword |
Test whether a string is a keyword in Python. |
| l | |
lib2to3 |
The 2to3 library |
linecache |
Provides random access to individual lines from text files. |
locale |
Internationalization services. |
logging |
Flexible event logging system for applications. |
lzma |
A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library. |
| m | |
mailbox |
Manipulate mailboxes in various formats |
mailcap |
Mailcap file handling. |
marshal |
Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints). |
math |
Mathematical functions (sin() etc.). |
mimetypes |
Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types. |
mmap |
Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows. |
modulefinder |
Find modules used by a script. |
msilib (Windows)
|
Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files. |
msvcrt (Windows)
|
Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime. |
multiprocessing |
Process-based parallelism. |
| n | |
netrc |
Loading of .netrc files. |
nis (Unix)
|
Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages) library. |
nntplib |
NNTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
numbers |
Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.). |
| o | |
operator |
Functions corresponding to the standard operators. |
optparse |
已移除: Command-line option parsing library. |
os |
Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. |
ossaudiodev (Linux, FreeBSD)
|
Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. |
| p | |
parser |
Access parse trees for Python source code. |
pathlib |
Object-oriented filesystem paths |
pdb |
The Python debugger for interactive interpreters. |
pickle |
Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back. |
pickletools |
Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions. |
pipes (Unix)
|
A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. |
pkgutil |
Utilities for the import system. |
platform |
Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible. |
plistlib |
Generate and parse Apple plist files. |
poplib |
POP3 protocol client (requires sockets). |
posix (Unix)
|
The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). |
pprint |
Data pretty printer. |
profile |
Python source profiler. |
pstats |
Statistics object for use with the profiler. |
pty (Linux)
|
Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux. |
pwd (Unix)
|
The password database (getpwnam() and friends). |
py_compile |
Generate byte-code files from Python source files. |
pyclbr |
Supports information extraction for a Python module browser. |
pydoc |
Documentation generator and online help system. |
| q | |
queue |
A synchronized queue class. |
quopri |
Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding. |
| r | |
random |
Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions. |
re |
Regular expression operations. |
readline (Unix)
|
GNU readline support for Python. |
reprlib |
Alternate repr() implementation with size limits. |
resource (Unix)
|
An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process. |
rlcompleter |
Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library. |
runpy |
Locate and run Python modules without importing them first. |
| s | |
sched |
General purpose event scheduler. |
secrets |
Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets. |
select |
Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams. |
selectors |
High-level I/O multiplexing. |
shelve |
Python object persistence. |
shlex |
Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages. |
shutil |
High-level file operations, including copying. |
signal |
Set handlers for asynchronous events. |
site |
Module responsible for site-specific configuration. |
smtpd |
A SMTP server implementation in Python. |
smtplib |
SMTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
sndhdr |
Determine type of a sound file. |
socket |
Low-level networking interface. |
socketserver |
A framework for network servers. |
spwd (Unix)
|
The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). |
sqlite3 |
A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x. |
ssl |
TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects |
stat |
Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat(). |
statistics |
Mathematical statistics functions |
string |
Common string operations. |
stringprep |
String preparation, as per RFC 3453 |
struct |
Interpret bytes as packed binary data. |
subprocess |
Subprocess management. |
sunau |
Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format. |
symbol |
Constants representing internal nodes of the parse tree. |
symtable |
Interface to the compiler’s internal symbol tables. |
sys |
Access system-specific parameters and functions. |
sysconfig |
Python’s configuration information |
syslog (Unix)
|
An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. |
| t | |
tabnanny |
Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python source files in a directory tree. |
tarfile |
Read and write tar-format archive files. |
telnetlib |
Telnet client class. |
tempfile |
Generate temporary files and directories. |
termios (Unix)
|
POSIX style tty control. |
test |
Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python. |
textwrap |
Text wrapping and filling |
threading |
Thread-based parallelism. |
time |
Time access and conversions. |
timeit |
Measure the execution time of small code snippets. |
tkinter |
Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces |
token |
Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree. |
tokenize |
Lexical scanner for Python source code. |
trace |
Trace or track Python statement execution. |
traceback |
Print or retrieve a stack traceback. |
tracemalloc |
Trace memory allocations. |
tty (Unix)
|
Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations. |
turtle |
An educational framework for simple graphics applications |
turtledemo |
A viewer for example turtle scripts |
types |
Names for built-in types. |
typing |
Support for type hints (see :pep:484). |
| u | |
unicodedata |
Access the Unicode Database. |
unittest |
Unit testing framework for Python. |
urllib |
|
uu |
Encode and decode files in uuencode format. |
uuid |
UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122 |
| v | |
venv |
Creation of virtual environments. |
| w | |
warnings |
Issue warning messages and control their disposition. |
wave |
Provide an interface to the WAV sound format. |
weakref |
Support for weak references and weak dictionaries. |
webbrowser |
Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers. |
winreg (Windows)
|
Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry. |
winsound (Windows)
|
Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows. |
wsgiref |
WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation. |
| x | |
xdrlib |
Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR). |
xml |
Package containing XML processing modules |
xmlrpc |
|
| z | |
zipapp |
Manage executable Python zip archives |
zipfile |
Read and write ZIP-format archive files. |
zipimport |
Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives. |
zlib |
Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip. |
zoneinfo |
IANA time zone support |
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