42.1 线程状态转换
42.1.1 状态转换图
42.1.2 一个线程计算,多个线程获取的案例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h> /** 两个线程定义的共享资源 */
typedef struct {
int res;
int counter; ///< 用于统计获取结果线程的数量
pthread_cond_t cond; ///< 条件变量
pthread_mutex_t mutex; ///< 互斥锁
}Result; /** 计算并将结果放置在 Result 中的线程运行函数 */
void *set_fn(void *arg)
{
Result *r = (Result *)arg;
int i = ;
int sum = ; for(; i <= ; i++){
sum += i;
} /** 将结果放置到 Result 中 */
r->res = sum; pthread_mutex_lock(&r->mutex);
/** 判断获取结果的线程是否达到指定的数量 */
while(r->counter < ){
pthread_mutex_unlock(&r->mutex);
usleep();
pthread_mutex_lock(&r->mutex);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&r->mutex); /** 通知唤醒等待的那个获取结果的线程 */
pthread_cond_broadcast(&r->cond); return (void *);
} /** 获得结果的线程运行函数 */
void *get_fn(void *arg)
{
Result *r = (Result *)arg; /** 对两个线程共享的判断条件进行保护(加锁) */
/** 两个线程对判断条件的操作是互斥的 */
pthread_mutex_lock(&r->mutex);
/** 有一个线程准备好了,则计数器 +1 */
r->counter++; /** 获取结果的线程等待 */
pthread_cond_wait(&r->cond, &r->mutex); /** 被唤醒后 */
pthread_mutex_unlock(&r->mutex); /** 去获取计算结果 */
int res = r->res;
printf("0x%lx get sum is %d\n", pthread_self(), res); return (void *);
} int main(void)
{
int err;
pthread_t cal, get1, get2; Result r;
r.counter = ;
pthread_cond_init(&r.cond, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&r.mutex, NULL); /** 启动获取结果的线程 */
if((err = pthread_create(&get1, NULL, get_fn, (void *)&r)) != ){
perror("pthread create error");
} if((err = pthread_create(&get2, NULL, get_fn, (void *)&r)) != ){
perror("pthread create error");
} /** 启动计算结果的线程 */
if((err = pthread_create(&cal, NULL, set_fn, (void *)&r)) != ){
perror("pthread create error");
} pthread_join(cal, NULL);
pthread_join(get1, NULL);
pthread_join(get2, NULL); pthread_cond_destroy(&r.cond);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&r.mutex); pthread_cond_destroy(&r.cond);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&r.mutex);
return ;
}
编译运行结果如下:
42.2 读者-写者案例
- 几种情况:
- 1 个写者,1 个读者
- 1 个写者,多个读者
- 多个写者,多个读者
完成第一种情况:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h> typedef struct {
int value; /** 读者 */
pthread_cond_t rc;
pthread_mutex_t rm;
int r_wait; /** 写者 */
pthread_cond_t wc;
pthread_mutex_t wm;
int w_wait;
}Storage; /** 写入数据的函数 */
void set_data(Storage *s, int value)
{
s->value = value;
} /** 获取数据的函数 */
int get_data(Storage *s)
{
return s->value;
} /** 写者线程运行函数定义 */
void *set_th(void *arg)
{
Storage *s = (Storage *)arg;
int i = ;
for(; i <= ; i++){
/** 写入数据 */
set_data(s, i +);
printf("0x%lx(%-5d) write data : %d\n", pthread_self(), i, i + ); pthread_mutex_lock(&s->rm);
/** 判断读者线程是否准备好 */
while(!s->r_wait){
pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->rm);
sleep();
pthread_mutex_lock(&s->rm);
}
s->r_wait = ;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->rm); /** 通知读者线程读取数据 */
pthread_cond_broadcast(&s->rc); /** 写者线程自阻塞等待读者线程通知已经读取完毕,
* 然后唤醒写者线程继续写入数据 */
pthread_mutex_lock(&s->wm);
s->w_wait = ;
pthread_cond_wait(&s->wc, &s->wm);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->wm); }
return (void *);
} /** 读者线程运行函数定义 */
void *get_th(void *arg)
{
Storage *s = (Storage *)arg;
int i = ;
for(; i <= ; i++){
pthread_mutex_lock(&s->rm);
s->r_wait = ;
pthread_cond_wait(&s->rc, &s->rm);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->rm); /** 读者线程被唤醒后读取数据 */
int value = get_data(s);
printf("0x%lx(%-5d) read data: %d\n", pthread_self(), i, value); pthread_mutex_lock(&s->wm);
/** 判断写者线程是否准备好 */
while(!s->w_wait){
pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->wm);
sleep();
pthread_mutex_lock(&s->wm);
}
/** 唤醒写者线程 */
s->w_wait = ;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->wm);
pthread_cond_broadcast(&s->wc); }
return (void *);
} int main(void)
{
int err;
pthread_t rth, wth; Storage s;
s.r_wait = ;
s.w_wait = ;
pthread_mutex_init(&s.rm, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&s.wm, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&s.rc, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&s.wc, NULL); /** 创建一个读者线程和写者线程 */
if((err = pthread_create(&rth, NULL, get_th, (void *)&s)) != ){
perror("pthread create error");
} if((err = pthread_create(&wth, NULL, set_th, (void *)&s)) != ){
perror("pthread create error");
} pthread_join(rth, NULL);
pthread_join(wth, NULL); pthread_mutex_destroy(&s.rm);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&s.wm);
pthread_cond_destroy(&s.rc);
pthread_cond_destroy(&s.wc); return ;
}