SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

环境依赖:  

  Spring Boot:1.5.9
  JDK:1.8.0
  MySQL:5.7.17
  Mybatis:3.3.0
 
  本文主要就mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载的实现原理做分享;对于mybatis的基础可自行百度。由于在开始学习的时候,发现网上有很多人把多数据源切换和动态数据源加载混为一谈,导致在实现动态加载的时候,所很苦恼。所以有必要在这里做以简要说明:
  多数据源切换:指项目所需要不止一个数据库的连接信息,eg:同一数据库地址下的不同库或者压根连地址都不同。
  动态切换:指所需要的数据所在的数据库信息在项目启动前并不知道,只有在项目运行后根据业务逻辑获取到对应的数据库信息,并在代码的运行过程中,向Spring Boot中添加一个或多个mybatis实例。
  

单一数据源的连接  

  顾名思义,在项目中,在项目中只需要配置一个数据库的信息即可,业务所需要的所有数据均在这一个数据库下;这种场景通常能够适用于绝大部分的实际需求,因此这种实现的原理再次不做赘述,如有需求可自行百度。具体实现可参考源码spring-boot-mybatis-demo。

多数据源切换  

  业务场景:需要分别获取所有的用户信息和学生信息;但是已知用户信息在mybatis_demo数据库中,学生信息在mybatis_demo2 数据库中。如下图所示:

 SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

数据库mybatis_demo内有个用户表:user_info,表结构如下:

 SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

数据库mybatis_demo2内有一个学生表:student_info,表结构如下:

 SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

配置文件信息如下:

SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

在这里介绍一种最为简单的实现方案:多数据源 - 多实例。
在熟悉了单实例数据源的实现后,不难看出,在Spring Boot中,通过为该数据源DataSource初始化一个与之对应的SessionFactory,从而实现连接。因此在面对多数据源的时候,可以分别为每个数据源写一个mybatis的config类,使其每个DataSource都拥有一个只属于自己的SessionFactory,这样就可以根据各自的mapper映射目录找到对应的mybaits实例;
这种实现方法要求不同的mybatis实例的mapper映射目录不能相同

 SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

把一个配置类作下的Bean命名统一,并注入相应的Bean,从而可以保证每一个SessionFactory所对应的配置信息唯一;具体配置如下:
第一个数据源的配置:

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.yhyr.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "oneSqlSessionTemplate")
public class MybatisConfig {

@Bean(name = "oneDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.one")
@Primary
public DataSource customDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}

@Bean(name = "oneSqlSessionFactory")
@Primary
public SqlSessionFactory customSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("oneDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"));
return bean.getObject();
}

@Bean(name = "oneTransactionManager")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager customTransactionManager(@Qualifier("oneDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}

@Bean(name = "oneSqlSessionTemplate")
@Primary
public SqlSessionTemplate customSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("oneSqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}

}

第二个数据源的配置:

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.yhyr.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "anotherSqlSessionTemplate")
public class MybatisConfig2 {

@Bean(name = "anotherDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.another")
public DataSource customDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}

@Bean(name = "anotherSqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory customSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("anotherDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"));
return bean.getObject();
}

@Bean(name = "anotherTransactionManager")
public DataSourceTransactionManager customTransactionManager(@Qualifier("anotherDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}

@Bean(name = "anotherSqlSessionTemplate")
public SqlSessionTemplate customSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("anotherSqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}

}

完成配置文件的配置后,可在工程目录的mapper包下新建两个目录:UserMapper和StudentMapper,分别对应两个数据源。这两个目录只能同级,或者不同目录,不能互为子父目录。

 SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

通过mapper接口和注解方式实现对数据的获取,代码如下:

@Select("SELECT * FROM user_info")
public interface UserInfoMapper {
  List<UserInfo> getUserInfo();
}
@Select("SELECT * FROM student_info")
public interface StudentInfoMapper {
    List<StudentInfo> getStudentInfo();
}

Service层的逻辑:分别注入UserInfoMapper 和 StudentInfoMapper,获取用户和学生信息;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MybatisApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
@Autowired
UserService userService;

@Autowired
StudentService studentService;

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MybatisApplication.class, args);
}

@Override
public void run(String... strings) {
List<UserInfo> userInfoList = userService.getUserInfo();
userInfoList.stream().forEach(userInfo -> System.out.println("name is : " + userInfo.getName() + "; sex is : " + userInfo.getSex() + "; age is : " + userInfo.getAge()));

List<StudentInfo> studentInfoList = studentService.getStudentInfo();
studentInfoList.stream().forEach(studentInfo -> System.out.println("studentName is : " + studentInfo.getStudentName() + "; className is : " + studentInfo.getClassName()));
}
}

最后贴上入口函数的逻辑和运行结果:

SpringBoot--实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源切换

动态数据源切换

业务场景:
  现有已知的两个数据源:default和master;
  default:用户常规的业务逻辑,(eg:单数据源的业务需求)
  master:该数据源内只有一个db_info表,该表内维护这数据库的基本信息(dbName, dbIp, dbPort, dbUser, dbPasswd)
  现在需要根据业务需求,获取master中相应的数据库基本信息,然后根据从获取到的数据库基本信息中获取所需要的业务数据。(可类比Hadoop中的NameNode和DataNode的关系)

  在这种业务场景下,上述那种在程序执行前就一次性初始化所有mybatis实例的方法就行不通了。所以可以借助如下思路来思考:

  基于这种方式,不仅可是实现真正意义上的多数据源的切换(第二种实现多数据源切换的思路),还可以实现在程序的运行过程中,实现动态添加一个或多个新的数据源。这里重点关注的是配置文件之间的关系,对象模型如下:

首先分析一下AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类的源码:

public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean {
private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources;
private Object defaultTargetDataSource;
private boolean lenientFallback = true;
private DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup();
private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;
private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource;

public AbstractRoutingDataSource() {
}

public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) {
this.targetDataSources = targetDataSources;
}

public void setDefaultTargetDataSource(Object defaultTargetDataSource) {
this.defaultTargetDataSource = defaultTargetDataSource;
}

public void setLenientFallback(boolean lenientFallback) {
this.lenientFallback = lenientFallback;
}

public void setDataSourceLookup(DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup) {
this.dataSourceLookup = (DataSourceLookup)(dataSourceLookup != null ? dataSourceLookup : new JndiDataSourceLookup());
}

public void afterPropertiesSet() {
if (this.targetDataSources == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'targetDataSources' is required");
} else {
this.resolvedDataSources = new HashMap(this.targetDataSources.size());
Iterator var1 = this.targetDataSources.entrySet().iterator();

while(var1.hasNext()) {
Entry<Object, Object> entry = (Entry)var1.next();
Object lookupKey = this.resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(entry.getKey());
DataSource dataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(entry.getValue());
this.resolvedDataSources.put(lookupKey, dataSource);
}

if (this.defaultTargetDataSource != null) {
this.resolvedDefaultDataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(this.defaultTargetDataSource);
}

}
}

protected Object resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(Object lookupKey) {
return lookupKey;
}

protected DataSource resolveSpecifiedDataSource(Object dataSource) throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (dataSource instanceof DataSource) {
return (DataSource)dataSource;
} else if (dataSource instanceof String) {
return this.dataSourceLookup.getDataSource((String)dataSource);
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal data source value - only [javax.sql.DataSource] and String supported: " + dataSource);
}
}

public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();
}

public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);
}

public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
return iface.isInstance(this) ? this : this.determineTargetDataSource().unwrap(iface);
}

public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return iface.isInstance(this) || this.determineTargetDataSource().isWrapperFor(iface);
}

protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
Object lookupKey = this.determineCurrentLookupKey();
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
}

if (dataSource == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
} else {
return dataSource;
}
}

protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey();
}

  对于该抽象类,关注两组变量:Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources和Object defaultTargetDataSource、Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources和DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource;这两组变量是相互对应的;在熟悉多实例数据源切换代码的不难发现,当有多个数据源的时候,一定要指定一个作为默认的数据源,在这里也同理,当同时初始化多个数据源的时候,需要显示的调用setDefaultTargetDataSource方法指定一个作为默认数据源;
  我们需要关注的是Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources和Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources,targetDataSources是暴露给外部程序用来赋值的,而resolvedDataSources是程序内部执行时的依据,因此会有一个赋值的操作,如下图所示:

  根据这段源码可以看出,每次执行时,都会遍历targetDataSources内的所有元素并赋值给resolvedDataSources;这样如果我们在外部程序新增一个新的数据源,都会添加到内部使用,从而实现数据源的动态加载。

  继承该抽象类的时候,必须实现一个抽象方法:protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey(),该方法用于指定到底需要使用哪一个数据源。

到此基本上清楚了该抽象类的使用方法,接下来贴下具体的实现代码:
自定义数据源DataSource类:

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
private static DynamicDataSource instance;
private static byte[] lock=new byte[0];
private static Map<Object,Object> dataSourceMap=new HashMap<Object, Object>();

@Override
public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) {
super.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
dataSourceMap.putAll(targetDataSources);
super.afterPropertiesSet();// 必须添加该句,否则新添加数据源无法识别到
}

public Map<Object, Object> getDataSourceMap() {
return dataSourceMap;
}

public static synchronized DynamicDataSource getInstance(){
if(instance==null){
synchronized (lock){
if(instance==null){
instance=new DynamicDataSource();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
//必须实现其方法
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
return DataSourceContextHolder.getDBType();
}
}

通过ThreadLocal维护一个全局唯一的map来实现数据源的动态切换

public class DataSourceContextHolder {
private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>();

public static synchronized void setDBType(String dbType){
contextHolder.set(dbType);
}

public static String getDBType(){
return contextHolder.get();
}

public static void clearDBType(){
contextHolder.remove();
}
}

Mybatis配置文件:

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
@Value("${spring.datasource.default.url}")
private String defaultDBUrl;
@Value("${spring.datasource.default.username}")
private String defaultDBUser;
@Value("${spring.datasource.default.password}")
private String defaultDBPassword;
@Value("${spring.datasource.default.driver-class-name}")
private String defaultDBDreiverName;

@Value("${spring.datasource.master.url}")
private String masterDBUrl;
@Value("${spring.datasource.master.username}")
private String masterDBUser;
@Value("${spring.datasource.master.password}")
private String masterDBPassword;
@Value("${spring.datasource.default.driver-class-name}")
private String masterDBDreiverName;

@Bean
public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource() {
DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = DynamicDataSource.getInstance();

DruidDataSource defaultDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
defaultDataSource.setUrl(defaultDBUrl);
defaultDataSource.setUsername(defaultDBUser);
defaultDataSource.setPassword(defaultDBPassword);
defaultDataSource.setDriverClassName(defaultDBDreiverName);

DruidDataSource masterDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
masterDataSource.setDriverClassName(masterDBDreiverName);
masterDataSource.setUrl(masterDBUrl);
masterDataSource.setUsername(masterDBUser);
masterDataSource.setPassword(masterDBPassword);

Map<Object,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("default", defaultDataSource);
map.put("master", masterDataSource);
dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(map);
dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(defaultDataSource);

return dynamicDataSource;
}

@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(
@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DataSource dynamicDataSource)
throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
.getResources("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"));
return bean.getObject();

}

@Bean(name = "sqlSessionTemplate")
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(
@Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory)
throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}
}

其他业务逻辑同多数据源切换,下面贴上如何切换数据源:

@SpringBootApplication
public class DynamicApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
@Autowired
UserService userService;

@Autowired
DBService dbService;

@Autowired
StudentService studentService;

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DynamicApplication.class, args);
}

@Override
public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {
/**
* 获取maste数据库信息
*/
DataSourceContextHolder.setDBType("default");
List<UserInfo> userInfoList = userService.getUserInfo();
userInfoList.stream().forEach(userInfo -> System.out.println("name is : " + userInfo.getName() + "; sex is : " + userInfo.getSex() + "; age is : " + userInfo.getAge()));

/**
* 根据slave数据源获取目标数据库信息
*/
DataSourceContextHolder.setDBType("master");
int primayrId = 1;
DBInfo dbInfo = dbService.getDBInfoByprimayrId(primayrId);
System.out.println("dbName is -> " + dbInfo.getDbName() + "; dbIP is -> " + dbInfo.getDbIp() + "; dbUser is -> " + dbInfo.getDbUser() + "; dbPasswd is -> " + dbInfo.getDbPasswd());

DruidDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dynamicDataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dynamicDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://" + dbInfo.getDbIp() + ":" + dbInfo.getDbPort() + "/" + dbInfo.getDbName() + "?characterEncoding=utf-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull");
dynamicDataSource.setUsername(dbInfo.getDbUser());
dynamicDataSource.setPassword(dbInfo.getDbPasswd());

/**
* 创建动态数据源
*/
Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = DynamicDataSource.getInstance().getDataSourceMap();
dataSourceMap.put("dynamic-slave", dynamicDataSource);
DynamicDataSource.getInstance().setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap);
/**
* 切换为动态数据源实例,打印学生信息
*/
DataSourceContextHolder.setDBType("dynamic-slave");
List<StudentInfo> studentInfoList = studentService.getStudentInfo();
studentInfoList.stream().forEach(studentInfo -> System.out.println("studentName is : " + studentInfo.getStudentName() + "; className is : " + studentInfo.getClassName() + "; gradeName is : " + studentInfo.getGradeName()));

}
}

这种是在业务中使用代码设置数据源的方式,也可以使用AOP+注解的方式实现控制,还可以前端头部设置后端通过拦截器统一设置!

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