搭建制作菠菜app软件科普教程【下】——如何快速搭建k8s集群环境

1、最少3台Centos
A、至少2核CPU+2G内存+20G硬盘
B、必须在同一网段
本示例中分配为：

Master：10.170.0.7
Worker1：10.170.0.8
Worker2：10.170.0.9

2、ip addr确认是否有分配到IPV4地址。没有的话nmtui，Automatically connect打上勾

3、用SSH连接

4、禁用防火墙，

systemctl stop firewalld & systemctl disable firewalld

5、禁用SELINUX

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0 

6、禁用swap

    A、swapoff -a
	B、vi /etc/fstab，注释掉swap

7、重启服务器，使其生效。

8、添加k8s源，建议使用阿里或者163的

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

9、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

yum install -y kubectl kubeadm kubectl

10、kube-proxy开启ipvs

vi /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
vm.swappiness = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

接下来还需要确保各个节点上已经安装了ipset软件包

yum install -y ipset

。 为了便于查看ipvs的代理规则，最好安装一下管理工具

yum install -y ipvsadm

11、安装docker

yum install -y docker
systemctl start docker & systemctl enable docker

12、设置开机启动kubelet

systemctl enable kubelet

13、修改hostname（非常重要，如果hostname相同会导致问题）

14、初始化Master节点

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.15.3 --apiserver-advertise-address=10.170.0.7 --pod-network-cidr=10.170.0.0/16 --service-cidr=172.20.0.0/16

现在最新版的为：1.15.3，在执行时，若版本出错，错误的信息中，会提示。

如果出现timeout是因为docker无法自动获取到images导致的，可以两种方式解决

• A、手动去pull并修改标签
• B、修改docker源的方式来解决

15、手动pull images

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.15.3
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.2.24
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.2.6
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0  k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.3
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.2.24  k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
docker tag coredns/coredns:1.2.6 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1  k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1

请注意版本号的问题，若是已更新，请相应的变更 。

16、修改docker源

kubeadm init --image-repository="mirrorgooglecontainers"

17、重新执行第15步

18、启动成功之后可以看到集群已经启动成功，并且生成了worker加入集群的指令，只要在worker上执行即可加入集群

kubeadm join 10.170.0.7:6443 --token xrhtyd.b61v0mzuu6cea8qg \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2e5cb96ef0be0e791acb923cf371303b13bda4613b4fd6d11a59bc17a7f8c3dd 

19、执行如下指令

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

20、这时候输入kubectl get cs 就可以查看服务的运行情况，确保都在正常运行

21、安装network addon(采用官方推荐的flannel方案，其中pod网段必须与之前init的时候设置的pod-network-cidr一致)

yum install -y wget
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml && kubectl apply -f  kube-flannel.yml

22、将worker join至master
至此集群已搭建完毕，这时候可以通过kubectl get nodes来查看各节点运行情况

安装Prometheus
1、在各个节点下载docker对应镜像

docker pull prom/node-exporter
docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
docker pull grafana/grafana:4.2.0

2、以daemonset方式部署node-export组件

vi node-exporter.yaml
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter

kubectl create -f  node-exporter.yaml

3、部署prometheus组件

vi rabc-setup.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system

4、以configmap的形式管理prometheus组件的配置文件

vi configmap.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name

5、deployment文件

vi prometheus.deploy.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config

 

6、Prometheus service文件

vi prometheus.svc.yml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus

7、创建文件

kubectl create -f  rbac-setup.yaml
kubectl create -f  configmap.yaml 
kubectl create -f  prometheus.deploy.yml 
kubectl create -f  prometheus.svc.yml

如果说”菠菜app软件搭建制作科普教程【中】“我们侧重讲的是开发搭建APP软件的发展趋势，而我们现在这篇“菠菜app软件搭建制作科普教程【下】”就是主要阐述的

如何快速搭建k8s集群环境的简单与实用。只通过几款应用软件就可以定制搭建制作开发设计自己的菠菜软件项目。下一章节，我们继续分享“菠菜软件搭建制作科普教程，欢迎你的驻足浏览。