在laravel中， 可以用Passport扩展来实现Oauth2.0的接口身份验证。
可以让用户在第三方客户端登录账号。 但是大多数时候只需要用户直接在我们的客户端上登录即可， 这时候需要适合用Passport里面的Personal Access Tokens方式来实现。 下面记录下安装和使用过程。

在laravel项目根目录分别运行下面3行代码

//用composer安装passport
composer require laravel/passport 

//生成依赖的数据表
php artisan migrate

//生成秘钥
php artisan passport:install

在User模型文件里（路径为App\Models\User或者App\User）里添加

use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;

并且在类里面再次use一下

use HasApiTokens, HasFactory

修改后应该是下面的样子

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;
}

在App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider文件中引入passport，

use Laravel\Passport\Passport;

然后在boot方法内启动Passport::routes， 如下：

   public function boot()
   {
       if (! $this->app->routesAreCached()) {
           Passport::routes();
       }
   }

Finally, in your application’s config/auth.php configuration file, you should set the driver option of the api authentication guard to passport. This will instruct your application to use Passport’s TokenGuard when authenticating incoming API requests:

最后，在config/auth.php 配置文件中，把api身份认证的驱动选项设置成Passport。

'guards' => [
    'web' => [
        'driver' => 'session',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],

    'api' => [
        'driver' => 'passport',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
],

为了测试passport身份认证可用， 创建一个UserController

php artisan make:controller UserController

然后再UserController中补全下面的代码，用来测试注册和登录。

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Models\User;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function register(Request $request){
        $name=$request->input('name');
        $email=$request->input('email');
        $password=$request->input('password');
        $check=User::where('email',$email)->first();
        if($check){
            return response()->json(['msg'=>'this email is already taken!']);
        }
        $r=User::create(['name'=>$name,'email'=>$email,'password'=>$password]);
        if($r){
            return response()->json(['msg'=>'register seccessful']);
        }else{
            return response()->json(['msg'=>'register failed']);
        }
    }

    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $email = $request->input('email');
        $password = $request->input('password');
        $user = User::where('email', $email)->where('password', $password)->first();
        if ($user) {
            $token = $user->createToken('Token Name')->accessToken;
            return response()->json(['code'=>200,'msg' => 'login successful', 'token' => $token]);
        } else {
            return response()->json(['code'=>400,'msg' => 'login failed']);
        }
    }

}

加上api的路由

<?php

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;


Route::middleware('auth:api')->get('/user', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user();
});

Route::middleware('auth:api')->post('/test', function (){
    return '您已经登录了， 您的用户id是：'.Auth::id();
});

Route::post('/register',[UserController::class,'register']);
Route::post('/login',[UserController::class,'login']);

然后用JavaScript写一个ajax用来发送注册，登录已经获取资源的http请求。

<div>
    <p id="show"></p>
    <button onclick="register()">注册</button>
    <button onclick="login()">登录</button>
    <button onclick="access()">访问资源</button>
</div>


<script>
    function register(){
        xml=new XMLHttpRequest();
        xml.open('post','http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/api/register');
        xml.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
        xml.setRequestHeader('Accept','application/json');
        xml.onload=function(){
            document.getElementById('show').innerHTML=xml.responseText;
        };
        xml.send('name=hello&email=hello11@qq.com&password=123');
    }

    function login(){
        xml=new XMLHttpRequest();
        xml.open('post','http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/api/login');
        xml.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
        xml.setRequestHeader('Accept','application/json');
        xml.onload=function(){
            var r=xml.responseText;
            document.getElementById('show').innerHTML=r;
            if(JSON.parse(r).code===200){
                localStorage.setItem('token',JSON.parse(r).token);//把token存到浏览器
            }
        };
        xml.send('email=hello@qq.com&password=123');
    }

    function access(){
        var token=localStorage.getItem('token');
        if(!token){
            alert('请先登录！');
            return false;
        }
        xml=new XMLHttpRequest();
        xml.open('post','http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/api/test');
        xml.setRequestHeader('Authorization','Bearer '+token);
        xml.onload=function(){
            document.getElementById('show').innerHTML=xml.responseText;
        };
        xml.send();
    }
</script>

测试后发现api接口的，注册，登录，身份验证功能正常。