Linux系列之fdisk 分区挂盘

2019/3/28 星期四
Linux系列之fdisk 分区挂盘

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        47G  8.3G   39G  18% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G  8.9M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0

我们的根目录分配了50G 比较少,我们挂一个/data 盘分给100G

//现在虚拟机上,挂载硬盘上去
具体操作如下

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# fdisk -l   

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e6745

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 50.5 GB, 50457477120 bytes, 98549760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb   //我们来给/dev/sdb 分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel             
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition       *(删除一个分区)
   l   list known partition types         (和ls -l的意思一样的 列出分区的类型)
   m   print this menu           *(打印菜单 就是查看帮助)
   n   add a new partition       *(new 创建一个分区)
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table     *(print打印分区表)
   q   quit without saving changes        *(quit 退出不保存)
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel    (创建一个新的空的sun )
   t   change a partition's system id      *(改变一个分区的系统id)
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit       *(保存并退出)
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p  

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   e   extended                   扩展分区
   p   primary partition (1-4)    主分区
   接下来选择p

Partition number (1-4): 1       第一块分区的名字
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):   这里直接回车表示默认从2048扇区开始
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): //直接回车把所有的都给1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   83  Linux
Command (m for help): w //保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb  (这里命令是告诉linux内核,我们修改了你的分区表)
 partprobe - inform the OS of partition table changes
通知操作系统分区表的变化,不执行这个命令就需要重新启动操作系统 ,执行了这个命令就不需要了。

分区好了,接下来就是格式化
接下来格式化,创建文件系统。

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# mkfs
mkfs         mkfs.btrfs   mkfs.cramfs  mkfs.ext2    mkfs.ext3    mkfs.ext4    mkfs.minix   mkfs.xfs
[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
这里命令就是可视化,指定文件系统的类型为xfs
...
...
...

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1    (不让他检查的意思)
[root@linux6 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext4   7.1G  1.6G  5.1G  25% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext4   194M   29M  155M  16% /boot
[root@linux6 /]# cd mnt/
[root@linux6 mnt]# ll
total 0
[root@linux6 mnt]# mkdir data1  (创建挂载点)
[root@linux6 mnt]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2017-12-21 15:53 data1
[root@linux6 mnt]# cd ~
[root@linux6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data1/         (挂载上去)
[root@linux6 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext4   7.1G  1.6G  5.1G  25% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext4   194M   29M  155M  16% /boot
/dev/sdb1      ext4    16M  1.2M   14M   8% /mnt/data1
[root@linux6 ~]# cd /mnt/data1/
[root@linux6 data1]# touch majihui.txt
[root@linux6 data1]# echo "i love datcent" > majihui.txt
[root@linux6 data1]# cat majihui.txt 
i love datcent

上面的这个挂载情况,重启服务器之后,就没有了

我们接下里用
挂载可以用设备也可以用uuid 要想让他开机自挂起磁盘的话,就需要在/etc/fstab 上去添加

一般情况下:不用uuid的方法

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# vim /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jan 16 18:21:38 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults,noatime        0 0
UUID=94663c29-d395-4cd0-8cac-1f0d6dea8969 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1 /data                    xfs    defaults,noatime        0 0
然后重启就好了

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        47G  8.3G   39G  18% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G  8.9M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
/dev/sdb1               xfs       100G  1.3G   99G   2% /data
tmpfs                   tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0
cm_processes            tmpfs     3.9G  1.4M  3.9G   1% /run/cloudera-scm-agent/process
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