一、Nginx的ngx_http_mirror_module模块实现流量复制介绍
Nginx专门提供了ngx_http_mirror_module模块,用来实现流量拷贝。将生产环境的流量拷贝到预上线环境或测试环境,这样做有很多好处:
- 可以验证功能是否正常,以及服务的性能;
- 用真实有效的流量请求去验证,又不用造数据,不影响线上正常访问;
- 相比于灰度发布,镜像流量不会影响真实流量;
- 可以用来排查线上问题;
- 重构,假如服务做了重构,这也是一种测试方式;
ngx_http_mirror_module模块就像是一个镜像站点一样,将所有的请求都收集起来,这个镜像站点就代表了所有真实有效的原始请求。有了这个镜像站点,后续就可以复现所有的请求,实现把线上的流程复制到别的地方。
ngx_http_mirror_module模块特性:
- nginx 1.13.4及后续版本内置ngx_http_mirror_module模块,提供流量镜像(复制)的功能。
- 支持流量放大,做法为:配置多份相同镜像。
- 相比tcp-copy的优势:无需录制流量,实时可用;配置相当简单。
- 源站请求,直接原路返回;正常配置下,mirror请求不影响源站请求及响应,源站nginx-server将流量复制到mirror站后,两者不再有任何交集。
二、Nginx编译安装,要加上ngx_http_mirror_module模块
下面是Nginx解压后,编译安装的示例
# ./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid --with-http_ssl_module --without-http_limit_req_module --without-http_mirror_module --with-pcre=../pcre-8.43 --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11 --add-module=/path/to/ngx_devel_kit --add-module=/path/to/lua-nginx-module # make & make install
三、Nginx流量拷贝的配置示例
upstream kevin-order { server 127.0.0.1:8088; } upstream kevin-customer { server 127.0.0.1:8089; } upstream kevin-mirror1 { server 172.16.60.230:8088; } upstream kevin-mirror2 { server 172.16.60.230:8089; } server { listen 80; server_name kevin.com; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kevin.com-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kevin.com-error.log; # 源站点1 location /order { proxy_pass http://kevin-order; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; # 复制请求体 mirror_request_body on; # 流量复制 mirror /mirror1; } # 源站点2 location /customer { proxy_pass http://kevin-customer; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; mirror_request_body on; mirror /mirror2; } # 镜像站点1 location /mirror1 { proxy_pass http://kevin-mirror1$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body on; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } # 镜像站点2 location /mirror2 { proxy_pass http://kevin-mirror2$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body on; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
配置说明:上面配置中,将访问http://kevin.com/order、http://kevin.com/customer的流量分别复制到172.16.60.230服务器的8088和8089端口。
四、Nginx使用ngx_http_mirror_module模块进行流量拷贝的配置技巧
1)Nginx复制GET及POST请求流量
server { listen 80; server_name kevin.com; # 源站配置 location / { access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog; mirror /mirror; mirror_request_body on; proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name; } # 镜像站点配置 location /mirror { internal; # 内部配置 proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body on; proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url } }
2)Nginx不允许复制POST请求流量
默认是支持POST流量复制的,需要通过下面配置来禁止。
server { listen 80; server_name kevin.com; # 源站配置 location / { access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog; mirror /mirror; mirror_request_body off; proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name; } # 镜像站点配置 location /mirror { # 判断请求方法,不是GET返回403 if ($request_method != GET) { return 403; } internal; #内部配置 proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body off; # mirror_request_body和proxy_pass_request_body都设置为off,则Conten-length需要设置为"",否则有坑! proxy_set_header Content-Length ""; proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; # 使用真实的url重置url } }
3)拷贝流量放大
配置多分mirror镜像点
server { listen 80; server_name kevin.com; # 源站配置 location / { access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog; mirror /mirror; # 多加一份mirror,流量放大一倍 mirror /mirror; mirror_request_body on; proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name; } # 镜像站点配置 location /mirror { internal; # 内部配置 proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body on; proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url } }
4)配置mirror镜像日志
mirror中不支持配置access_log,解决方法:mirror-location跳转到server,在server中配置accesslog。
server { listen 80; server_name kevin.com; # 源站配置 location / { access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog; mirror /mirror; mirror_request_body on; proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name; } # 镜像站点配置 location /mirror { internal; # 内部配置 # 跳转到下面的内部server proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10992$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body off; proxy_set_header Content-Length ""; proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url } server { # server没法设置为内部 listen 127.0.0.1:10992; location / { # 判断放在server,使得post请求日志可以记录 if ($request_method != GET) { return 403; } access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog; proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name; } }
五、Nginx流量拷贝的注意事项
1)mirror镜像配置日志
镜像配置不正确,导致流量复制操作没正常执行。如果mirror镜像配置缺少日志,会严重影响调试。所以强烈建议配置镜像日志,配置方法如如上"配置mirror镜像日志"。部分错误配置的错误信息在在error日志中。
2)mirror_request_body/proxy_pass_request_body与Content-Length需配置一致
如果mirror_request_body或者proxy_pass_request_body设置为off,则Content-Length必须设置为"",因为nginx(mirror_request_body)或tomcat(mirror_request_body)处理post请求时,会根据Content-Length获取请求体,如果Content-Length不为空,而由于mirror_request_body或者proxy_pass_request_body设置为off,处理方以为post有内容,当request_body中没有,处理方会一直等待至超时,则前者为off,nginx会报upstream请求超时;后者为off,tomcat会报如下错误:
"2020-11-18T17:26:36.803+08:00" "331632b86ec64b829672066a96fc6324" "department" "group" "project_name" "hostname" "127.0.0.1" "" "/post" "p=11" "-" "PostmanRuntime/7.1.1" "ERROR" "xxx.GlobalControllerAdvice" "operateExp" "-" "26" "xxxx.GlobalControllerAdvice" "unknown" "org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException" "I/O error while reading input message; nested exception is java.net.SocketTimeoutException" "GlobalControllerAdvice中捕获全局异常" "org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: I/O error while reading input message; nested exception is java.net.SocketTimeoutException at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.readWithMessageConverters(AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.java:229) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.readWithMessageConverters(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:150) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.resolveArgument(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:128) at org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.resolveArgument(HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.java:121) at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.getMethodArgumentValues(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:158) at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:128) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)