http://www.doc88.com/p-0798919871588.html

这个Book 不错, 但是没有找到书名.

什么是自组织?
自组织理论是关于在没有外部指令条件下，系统内部各子系统之间能自行按照某种规则形成一定的结构或功能的自组织现象的一种理论.

agile self-organization

management 的担心
干的事情跟领导的期许不一样？
领导失去了控制, 不知道走向什么方向?

你需要对你下放的权限负责，下放什么样的权限到什么程度？这是有难度的?
如果你不下放, 你可能是放心不下手下会做好这个事情，那么，这个事情很可能需要你自己做? That means you are always busy.
So you don't have time to train your people and show the how to do these kinds of tasks.

自组织举例:
鸟儿飞行:
1. 彼此之间保持距离(别撞在一起)
2. 朝向跟邻居一致
3. 跟大家在一起, 不要单飞

蚂蚁找食物
1. 随机走向任何方向, 并留下刺激味道 在路线上.
2. 如果你找到了刺激味道在路上, follow it and lay more 气味.
3. 如果循着味道飞回了家, turn back.
4. 如果你找到了食物，追寻着味道找回家.

*集权, 对于我们已知的可预测解决方案的问题，简单环境下的，是一个好办法。 但是对不可预知的, 不是一个好的办法.
self-organization is not self-management: 环形路口的例子, 如果出了交通事故, 需要警察过来处理, 维护秩序.

外部的 input: goals, boundaries, constraints, primal rules. 这作为 context 需要提给自组织的.
self-management: they have a given pol of resources(budget, skills, tools) and they have to conform to market and legal rules.

a small rules will be set, boundary, constraint, goal

自组织需要一步一步进行: 尝试着先做一个参与者.

什么样的权限可以下放: 有些 high level 的权限不能下放 例如: budget allocation

使用烤箱的例子, 办公室都是鱼的味道, 没有很好的说明 context
1. The electric grill is here to provide you better meals at work. Feel free to use it in any way you imagine.
2. You must leave the electric grill in the same state you found it and ready to be used by anyone who comes after you.
3. Kitchen activities should not affect the rest of the office in any way.

这种 control 方式的 context 也不好.
Bad context for self-organization would be, for example "you must not cook anything but sandwiches in the electric grill". Control mechanisms, top-down decision making.

Goal: SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-boxed)
INVEST(independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, Testable)