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教程
学习自慕课网-前端vue结合后端DjangoFramework的在线生鲜超市
三、Models设计
3.1.项目初始化
(1)进虚拟环境下安装
- django2.0.2
- djangorestframework和相关依赖mark,filter
- pillow 图片处理
pip install djangorestframework pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple django==2.0.2 pip install markdown pip install django-filter pip install pillow pip install pymysql
(2)创建项目
- 项目:MxShop
- app:users
interpreter选择虚拟环境里面的python.exe
(3)Mysql的配置
settings中设置
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'mxshop', #数据库名字 'USER': 'root', #账号 'PASSWORD': '123456', #密码 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', #IP 'PORT': '3306', #端口 #这里引擎用innodb(默认myisam) #因为后面第三方登录时,要求引擎为INNODB # 'OPTIONS':{'init_command': 'SET storage_engine=INNODB'}, #这样设置会报错,改为 "OPTIONS":{"init_command":"SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;"} } }
安装Mysqlclient
下载地址:
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/
安装
pip install mysqlclient-1.3.12-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64
__init__.py添加代码:
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
(4)项目目录结构搭建
新建两个python package
- extra_apps (扩展的源码包)
- apps (放所有app)
新建两个文件夹
- media (保存图片)
- db_tools (数据库相关)
把extra_apps和apps标记为sources root,然后settings中也要加路径
#settings.py import sys sys.path.insert(0,BASE_DIR) sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps')) sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))
现在项目目录如下:
3.2.users models设计
(1)创建三个app
- goods 商品
- trade 交易
- user_operation 用户操作
(2)users/models.py
# users/models.py __author__ = 'derek' from datetime import datetime from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class UserProfile(AbstractUser): """ 用户信息 """ GENDER_CHOICES = ( ("male", u"男"), ("female", u"女") ) #用户用手机注册,所以姓名,生日和邮箱可以为空 name = models.CharField("姓名",max_length=30, null=True, blank=True) birthday = models.DateField("出生年月",null=True, blank=True) gender = models.CharField("性别",max_length=6, choices=GENDER_CHOICES, default="female") mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11) email = models.EmailField("邮箱",max_length=100, null=True, blank=True) class Meta: verbose_name = "用户信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.username class VerifyCode(models.Model): """ 验证码 """ code = models.CharField("验证码",max_length=10) mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11) add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = "短信验证" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.code
要想替换系统的用户,还要在settings中配置
#settings.py #重载系统的用户,让UserProfile生效 AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'
(3)这里UserProfile继承AbstractUser,可以看看AbstractUser的源码
源码
3.3.goods的model设计
(1)安装
- xadmin xadmin安装方法
- DjangoUeditor 富文本编辑器安装方法
安装好后把xadmin和DjangoUeditor放到extra_apps目录下面
(2)把四个app、xadmin和DjangoUeditor添加到 INSTALLED_APPS中
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'users', 'goods', 'trade', 'user_operation', 'rest_framework', 'xadmin', 'crispy_forms', 'DjangoUeditor' ]
设置media的保存路径
#settings.py MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
(3)商品分类model 设计
class GoodsCategory(models.Model): """ 商品分类 """ CATEGORY_TYPE = ( (1, "一级类目"), (2, "二级类目"), (3, "三级类目"), ) name = models.CharField('类别名',default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别名") code = models.CharField("类别code",default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别code") desc = models.TextField("类别描述",default="",help_text="类别描述") #目录树级别 category_type = models.IntegerField("类目级别",choices=CATEGORY_TYPE,help_text="类目级别") # 设置models有一个指向自己的外键 parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类目级别", help_text="父目录", related_name="sub_cat") is_tab = models.BooleanField("是否导航",default=False,help_text="是否导航") add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = "商品类别" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name
(4)商品model设计
class Goods(models.Model): """ 商品 """ category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品类目") goods_sn = models.CharField("商品唯一货号",max_length=50, default="") name = models.CharField("商品名",max_length=100,) click_num = models.IntegerField("点击数",default=0) sold_num = models.IntegerField("商品销售量",default=0) fav_num = models.IntegerField("收藏数",default=0) goods_num = models.IntegerField("库存数",default=0) market_price = models.FloatField("市场价格",default=0) shop_price = models.FloatField("本店价格",default=0) goods_brief = models.TextField("商品简短描述",max_length=500) goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300, filePath="goods/files/", default='') ship_free = models.BooleanField("是否承担运费",default=True) # 首页中展示的商品封面图 goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图") # 首页中新品展示 is_new = models.BooleanField("是否新品",default=False) # 商品详情页的热卖商品,自行设置 is_hot = models.BooleanField("是否热销",default=False) add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = '商品信息' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class GoodsImage(models.Model): """ 商品轮播图 """ goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images") image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True) add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = '商品轮播' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.goods.name
(4)首页商品轮播图model设计
因为首页的商品轮播图片是大图,跟商品详情里面的图片不一样,所以要单独写一个首页轮播图model
class Banner(models.Model): """ 首页轮播的商品 """ goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品") image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name="轮播图片") index = models.IntegerField("轮播顺序",default=0) add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = '首页轮播' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.goods.name
(5)商品广告和热搜model
class HotSearchWords(models.Model): """ 搜索栏下方热搜词 """ keywords = models.CharField("热搜词",default="", max_length=20) index = models.IntegerField("排序",default=0) add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = '热搜排行' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.keywords
goods/models.py
3.4.trade交易的model设计
trade/models.py
# trade/models.py __author__ = 'derek' from datetime import datetime from django.db import models from goods.models import Goods # get_user_model方法会去setting中找AUTH_USER_MODEL from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model User = get_user_model() # Create your models here. class ShoppingCart(models.Model): """ 购物车 """ user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户") goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品") nums = models.IntegerField("购买数量",default=0) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间") class Meta: verbose_name = '购物车喵' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name unique_together = ("user", "goods") def __str__(self): return "%s(%d)".format(self.goods.name, self.nums) class OrderInfo(models.Model): """ 订单信息 """ ORDER_STATUS = ( ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "成功"), ("TRADE_CLOSED", "超时关闭"), ("WAIT_BUYER_PAY", "交易创建"), ("TRADE_FINISHED", "交易结束"), ("paying", "待支付"), ) PAY_TYPE = ( ("alipay", "支付宝"), ("wechat", "微信"), ) user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户") #订单号唯一 order_sn = models.CharField("订单编号",max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, unique=True) # 微信支付会用到 nonce_str = models.CharField("随机加密串",max_length=50, null=True, blank=True, unique=True) # 支付宝交易号 trade_no = models.CharField("交易号",max_length=100, unique=True, null=True, blank=True) #支付状态 pay_status = models.CharField("订单状态",choices=ORDER_STATUS, default="paying", max_length=30) # 订单的支付类型 pay_type = models.CharField("支付类型",choices=PAY_TYPE, default="alipay", max_length=10) post_script = models.CharField("订单留言",max_length=200) order_mount = models.FloatField("订单金额",default=0.0) pay_time = models.DateTimeField("支付时间",null=True, blank=True) # 用户信息 address = models.CharField("收货地址",max_length=100, default="") signer_name = models.CharField("签收人",max_length=20, default="") singer_mobile = models.CharField("联系电话",max_length=11) add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = "订单信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return str(self.order_sn) class OrderGoods(models.Model): """ 订单内的商品详情 """ # 一个订单对应多个商品 order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="订单信息", related_name="goods") # 两个外键形成一张关联表 goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品") goods_num = models.IntegerField("商品数量",default=0) add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = "订单商品" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return str(self.order.order_sn)
3.5.用户操作的model设计
user_operation/models.py
# user_operation/models.py __author__ = 'derek' from datetime import datetime from django.db import models from goods.models import Goods from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model User = get_user_model() class UserFav(models.Model): """ 用户收藏操作 """ user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户") goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id") add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = '用户收藏' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name unique_together = ("user", "goods") def __str__(self): return self.user.username class UserAddress(models.Model): """ 用户收货地址 """ user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户" ) province = models.CharField("省份",max_length=100, default="") city = models.CharField("城市",max_length=100, default="") district = models.CharField("区域",max_length=100, default="") address = models.CharField("详细地址",max_length=100, default="") signer_name = models.CharField("签收人",max_length=100, default="") signer_mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11, default="") add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = "收货地址" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.address class UserLeavingMessage(models.Model): """ 用户留言 """ MESSAGE_CHOICES = ( (1, "留言"), (2, "投诉"), (3, "询问"), (4, "售后"), (5, "求购") ) user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户") message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言类型", help_text=u"留言类型: 1(留言),2(投诉),3(询问),4(售后),5(求购)") subject = models.CharField("主题",max_length=100, default="") message = models.TextField("留言内容",default="",help_text="留言内容") file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上传的文件", help_text="上传的文件") add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name = "用户留言" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.subject