报错如下：
# pip Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>from pkg_resources import load_entry_point ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
出现这个问题是因为：虽然已经把Python升级到了2.7版本，但是pip仍然是原来的版本，仍在原来python的site-package里面
CentOS6.8环境下，默认是python2.6.6，site-package在
# /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/
很多模块都被安装在这里。直接输入pip，还是使用的原来的pip。所以我们的思路是：应该在新的Python中安装pip，这样才不会报错。
遇到此问题的人很多，网上博客都是互相抄，没有真正解决问题的。有一国外网站给出了解决方案：
# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-3.5.1.zip# unzip setuptools-3.5.1.zip# /usr/local/bin/pyton2.7 distribute_setup.py
使用新版本的python来运行这个脚本，这个会自动安装出来一个easy_install，然后使用这个新的easy_install来安装pip就可以了！
# /usr/local/bin/easy_install pip # /usr/local/bin/pip -V pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg (python 2.7)
安装生成的所有二进制文件，都是在你的PYTHON_HOME/bin/，因为我的是安装在/usr/local/python/，所以命令都在这里，以后再调用pip要使用绝对路径，或者做链接！
2.7的模块是在以下目录
# /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
附：脚本的原文
#!python"""Bootstrap distribute installation
If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py::
from distribute_setup import use_setuptools
use_setuptools()
If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``.
This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools."""import osimport shutilimport sysimport timeimport fnmatchimport tempfileimport tarfileimport optparse
from distutils import log
try:from site import USER_SITEexcept ImportError:
USER_SITE = None
try:import subprocess def _python_cmd(*args):
args = (sys.executable,) + argsreturn subprocess.call(args) == 0
except ImportError:# will be used for python 2.3def _python_cmd(*args):
args = (sys.executable,) + args# quoting arguments if windowsif sys.platform == 'win32':def quote(arg):if ' ' in arg:return '"%s"' % argreturn arg
args = [quote(arg) for arg in args]return os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, *args) == 0
DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6.49"DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/"SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION = "0.6c11"
SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO = """\
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: setuptools
Version: %s
Summary: xxxx
Home-page: xxx
Author: xxx
Author-email: xxx
License: xxx
Description: xxx""" % SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION
def _install(tarball, install_args=()):# extracting the tarballtmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd()try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
_extractall(tar)
tar.close() # going in the directorysubdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir) # installinglog.warn('Installing Distribute')if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
log.warn('See the error message above.')# exitcode will be 2return 2finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir):# extracting the tarballtmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd()try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
_extractall(tar)
tar.close() # going in the directorysubdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir) # building an egglog.warn('Building a Distribute egg in %s', to_dir)
_python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir) finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)# returning the result log.warn(egg)if not os.path.exists(egg):raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')
def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
egg = os.path.join(to_dir, 'distribute-%s-py%d.%d.egg' % (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]))if not os.path.exists(egg):
tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
to_dir, download_delay)
_build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir)
sys.path.insert(0, egg)import setuptools
setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg
def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15, no_fake=True):# making sure we use the absolute pathto_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or \'setuptools' in sys.modulestry:try:import pkg_resources # Setuptools 0.7b and later is a suitable (and preferable)# substitute for any Distribute version.try:
pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=0.7b")returnexcept (pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound,
pkg_resources.VersionConflict):pass
if not hasattr(pkg_resources, '_distribute'):if not no_fake:
_fake_setuptools()raise ImportErrorexcept ImportError:return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)try:
pkg_resources.require("distribute>=" + version)returnexcept pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]if was_imported:
sys.stderr.write("The required version of distribute (>=%s) is not available,\n""and can't be installed while this script is running. Please\n""install a more recent version first, using\n""'easy_install -U distribute'.""\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0]))
sys.exit(2)else:del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources'] # reload okreturn _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
download_delay)except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
download_delay)finally:if not no_fake:
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(to_dir)
def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15):"""Download distribute from a specified location and return its filename
`version` should be a valid distribute version number that is available
as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
`delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
attempt."""# making sure we use the absolute pathto_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)try:from urllib.request import urlopenexcept ImportError:from urllib2 import urlopen
tgz_name = "distribute-%s.tar.gz" % version
url = download_base + tgz_name
saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name)
src = dst = Noneif not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloadstry:
log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
src = urlopen(url)# Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file# if the download is interrupted.data = src.read()
dst = open(saveto, "wb")
dst.write(data)finally:if src:
src.close()if dst:
dst.close()return os.path.realpath(saveto)
def _no_sandbox(function):def __no_sandbox(*args, **kw):try:from setuptools.sandbox import DirectorySandboxif not hasattr(DirectorySandbox, '_old'):def violation(*args):passDirectorySandbox._old = DirectorySandbox._violation
DirectorySandbox._violation = violation
patched = Trueelse:
patched = Falseexcept ImportError:
patched = False try:return function(*args, **kw)finally:if patched:
DirectorySandbox._violation = DirectorySandbox._olddel DirectorySandbox._old return __no_sandbox
def _patch_file(path, content):"""Will backup the file then patch it"""f = open(path)
existing_content = f.read()
f.close()if existing_content == content:# already patchedlog.warn('Already patched.')return False
log.warn('Patching...')
_rename_path(path)
f = open(path, 'w')try:
f.write(content)finally:
f.close()return True
_patch_file = _no_sandbox(_patch_file)
def _same_content(path, content):
f = open(path)
existing_content = f.read()
f.close()return existing_content == content
def _rename_path(path):
new_name = path + '.OLD.%s' % time.time()
log.warn('Renaming %s to %s', path, new_name)
os.rename(path, new_name)return new_name
def _remove_flat_installation(placeholder):if not os.path.isdir(placeholder):
log.warn('Unkown installation at %s', placeholder)return False
found = Falsefor file in os.listdir(placeholder):if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, 'setuptools*.egg-info'):
found = Truebreakif not found:
log.warn('Could not locate setuptools*.egg-info')return
log.warn('Moving elements out of the way...')
pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, file)if os.path.isdir(pkg_info):
patched = _patch_egg_dir(pkg_info)else:
patched = _patch_file(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) if not patched:
log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)return False# now let's move the files out of the wayfor element in ('setuptools', 'pkg_resources.py', 'site.py'):
element = os.path.join(placeholder, element)if os.path.exists(element):
_rename_path(element)else:
log.warn('Could not find the %s element of the ' 'Setuptools distribution', element)return True
_remove_flat_installation = _no_sandbox(_remove_flat_installation)
def _after_install(dist):
log.warn('After install bootstrap.')
placeholder = dist.get_command_obj('install').install_purelib
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder)
def _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder):if not placeholder or not os.path.exists(placeholder):
log.warn('Could not find the install location')returnpyver = '%s.%s' % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])
setuptools_file = 'setuptools-%s-py%s.egg-info' % \
(SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION, pyver)
pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, setuptools_file)if os.path.exists(pkg_info):
log.warn('%s already exists', pkg_info)return
log.warn('Creating %s', pkg_info)try:
f = open(pkg_info, 'w')except EnvironmentError:
log.warn("Don't have permissions to write %s, skipping", pkg_info)returntry:
f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)finally:
f.close()
pth_file = os.path.join(placeholder, 'setuptools.pth')
log.warn('Creating %s', pth_file)
f = open(pth_file, 'w')try:
f.write(os.path.join(os.curdir, setuptools_file))finally:
f.close()
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info = _no_sandbox(
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info
)
def _patch_egg_dir(path):# let's check if it's already patchedpkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')if os.path.exists(pkg_info):if _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO):
log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)return False
_rename_path(path)
os.mkdir(path)
os.mkdir(os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO'))
pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
f = open(pkg_info, 'w')try:
f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)finally:
f.close()return True
_patch_egg_dir = _no_sandbox(_patch_egg_dir)
def _before_install():
log.warn('Before install bootstrap.')
_fake_setuptools()
def _under_prefix(location):if 'install' not in sys.argv:return True
args = sys.argv[sys.argv.index('install') + 1:]for index, arg in enumerate(args):for option in ('--root', '--prefix'):if arg.startswith('%s=' % option):
top_dir = arg.split('root=')[-1]return location.startswith(top_dir)elif arg == option:if len(args) > index:
top_dir = args[index + 1]return location.startswith(top_dir)if arg == '--user' and USER_SITE is not None:return location.startswith(USER_SITE)return True
def _fake_setuptools():
log.warn('Scanning installed packages')try:import pkg_resourcesexcept ImportError:# we're coollog.warn('Setuptools or Distribute does not seem to be installed.')returnws = pkg_resources.working_settry:
setuptools_dist = ws.find(
pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools', replacement=False)
)except TypeError:# old distribute APIsetuptools_dist = ws.find(
pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools')
) if setuptools_dist is None:
log.warn('No setuptools distribution found')return# detecting if it was already fakedsetuptools_location = setuptools_dist.location
log.warn('Setuptools installation detected at %s', setuptools_location) # if --root or --preix was provided, and if# setuptools is not located in them, we don't patch itif not _under_prefix(setuptools_location):
log.warn('Not patching, --root or --prefix is installing Distribute' ' in another location')return
# let's see if its an eggif not setuptools_location.endswith('.egg'):
log.warn('Non-egg installation')
res = _remove_flat_installation(setuptools_location)if not res:returnelse:
log.warn('Egg installation')
pkg_info = os.path.join(setuptools_location, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')if (os.path.exists(pkg_info) and_same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)):
log.warn('Already patched.')returnlog.warn('Patching...')# let's create a fake egg replacing setuptools oneres = _patch_egg_dir(setuptools_location)if not res:returnlog.warn('Patching complete.')
_relaunch()
def _relaunch():
log.warn('Relaunching...')# we have to relaunch the process# pip marker to avoid a relaunch bug_cmd1 = ['-c', 'install', '--single-version-externally-managed']
_cmd2 = ['-c', 'install', '--record']if sys.argv[:3] == _cmd1 or sys.argv[:3] == _cmd2:
sys.argv[0] = 'setup.py'args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv
sys.exit(subprocess.call(args))
def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None):"""Extract all members from the archive to the current working
directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on
directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory
to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
list returned by getmembers()."""import copyimport operatorfrom tarfile import ExtractError
directories = [] if members is None:
members = self for tarinfo in members:if tarinfo.isdir():# Extract directories with a safe mode. directories.append(tarinfo)
tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
tarinfo.mode = 448 # decimal for oct 0700 self.extract(tarinfo, path) # Reverse sort directories.if sys.version_info < (2, 4):def sorter(dir1, dir2):return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name)
directories.sort(sorter)
directories.reverse()else:
directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('name'), reverse=True) # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.for tarinfo in directories:
dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)try:
self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath)
self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)
self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)except ExtractError:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]if self.errorlevel > 1:raiseelse:
self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)
def _build_install_args(options):"""Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the distribute package"""install_args = []if options.user_install:if sys.version_info < (2, 6):
log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later")raise SystemExit(1)
install_args.append('--user')return install_args
def _parse_args():"""Parse the command line for options"""parser = optparse.OptionParser()
parser.add_option('--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,
help='install in user site package (requires Python 2.6 or later)')
parser.add_option('--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",
default=DEFAULT_URL,
help='alternative URL from where to download the distribute package')
options, args = parser.parse_args()# positional arguments are ignoredreturn options
def main(version=DEFAULT_VERSION):"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""options = _parse_args()
tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)return _install(tarball, _build_install_args(options))
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(main())
此文在作者原文基础上修改整理而成。