【方法】Oracle用户密码含特殊字符时的登陆问题
1.1 BLOG文档结构图
1.2 前言部分
1.2.1 导读和注意事项
各位技术爱好者，看完本文后，你可以掌握如下的技能，也可以学到一些其它你所不知道的知识，~O(∩_∩)O~：
① 用户密码含有特殊字符，如@、%、&、￥、#等字符，如何修改密码及登录数据库（重点）
② exp或expdp的时候使用sys用户导出
Tips：
① 本文在itpub（http://blog.itpub.net/26736162）、博客园(http://www.cnblogs.com/lhrbest)和微信公众号（xiaomaimiaolhr）上有同步更新。
② 文章中用到的所有代码、相关软件、相关资料及本文的pdf版本都请前往小麦苗的云盘下载，小麦苗的云盘地址见：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1624453/。
③ 若网页文章代码格式有错乱，请下载pdf格式的文档来阅读。
④ 在本篇BLOG中，代码输出部分一般放在一行一列的表格中。
本文若有错误或不完善的地方请大家多多指正，您的批评指正是我写作的最大动力。
1.2.2 相关文章链接
【密码】Oracle用户密码系列：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2129595/
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第二章 实验部分
2.1 实验环境介绍
项目 |
source db |
db 类型 |
RAC |
db version |
11.2.0.3.0 |
db 存储 |
ASM |
OS版本及kernel版本 |
RHEL 6.5 |
2.2 实验目标
当用户密码含有特殊字符的时候，测试sqlplus和exp、imp及expdp、impdp的登陆及修改密码问题。
2.3 实验过程
2.3.1 sqlplus连接
普通用户连接：
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[oracle@orcltest admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Feb 24 09:25:35 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhr identified by "l@hr";
User altered.
SYS@lhrdb> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus 'lhr/"l@hr"'@LHRDB
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Feb 24 09:27:05 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
LHR@LHRDB> EXIT Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@orcltest ~]$
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sys用户连接：
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[oracle@orcltest admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Feb 24 09:29:09 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@lhrdb> alter user sys identified by "l@hr";
User altered.
SYS@lhrdb> exit [oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus 'sys/"l@hr"'@LHRDB as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Feb 24 09:29:35 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@LHRDB> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@orcltest ~]$
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2.3.2 expdp连接
密码用双引号，用户名和密码用单引号括起来，然后【用户名】+【密码】+【tn】+【as sysdba】用单引号括起来，最后的这个单引号用\进行转义
expdp \''sys/"l@hr"'@LHRDB as sysdba\' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=SCOTT%U.dmp SCHEMAS=SCOTT COMPRESSION=all metrics=y |
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[oracle@orcltest admin]$ expdp \''sys/"l@hr"'@LHRDB as sysdba\' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=SCOTT%U.dmp SCHEMAS=SCOTT COMPRESSION=all metrics=y
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Feb 24 09:32:22 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity. Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": "sys/********@LHRDB AS SYSDBA" DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=SCOTT%U.dmp SCHEMAS=SCOTT COMPRESSION=all metrics=y Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER Completed 1 USER objects in 0 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT Completed 1 SYSTEM_GRANT objects in 0 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT Completed 2 ROLE_GRANT objects in 1 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE Completed 1 DEFAULT_ROLE objects in 1 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Completed 1 PROCACT_SCHEMA objects in 10 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Completed 4 TABLE objects in 2 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT Completed 3 OBJECT_GRANT objects in 3 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Completed 2 INDEX objects in 1 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Completed 2 CONSTRAINT objects in 0 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Completed 2 INDEX_STATISTICS objects in 1 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT Completed 1 REF_CONSTRAINT objects in 2 seconds Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Completed 4 TABLE_STATISTICS objects in 14 seconds . . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 4.976 KB 4 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 5.617 KB 14 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 4.890 KB 5 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /u02/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump/SCOTT01.dmp Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 09:33:19
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2.3.3 修改密码中含有“@”符号
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[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Mar 16 17:10:26 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@lhrdb> alter user scott identified by "tiger&123"; Enter value for 123: old 1: alter user scott identified by "tiger&123" new 1: alter user scott identified by "tiger"
User altered.
SYS@lhrdb> SYS@lhrdb> set define off SYS@lhrdb> alter user scott identified by "tiger&123";
User altered.
SYS@lhrdb> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus 'scott/"tiger&123"'@LHRDB
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Mar 16 17:14:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SCOTT@LHRDB> SCOTT@LHRDB> set define off SCOTT@LHRDB> alter user scott identified by "$tiger&123l@h\r/0%s,d$";
User altered.
SCOTT@LHRDB> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus 'scott/"$tiger&123l@h\r/0%s,d$"'@LHRDB
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Mar 16 17:20:12 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SCOTT@LHRDB>
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2.3.4 修改密码中含有双引号符号
修改scott用户的密码为：a"b
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[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Mar 16 17:39:18 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@lhrdb> password scott Changing password for scott New password: Retype new password: Password changed SYS@lhrdb> conn scott/a"b Connected. SCOTT@lhrdb> [oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus scott/a\"b
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Mar 16 17:42:34 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SCOTT@lhrdb>
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注：因为一般特殊字符可以使用双引号处理，但是如果密码中含有双引号，就不能用双引号处理，可以直接使用password修改密码。
2.4 本文结论
参考下表：
Linux平台 |
sqlplus工具 |
数据泵工具（exp、expdp） |
|
普通用户 |
无tns |
sqlplus 'lhr/"l@h\r/0"' |
expdp 'lhr/"l@h\r/0"' |
有tns |
sqlplus 'lhr/"l@h\r/0"'@LHRDB |
expdp 'lhr/"l@h\r/0"'@LHRDB |
|
sys用户 |
无tns |
sqlplus / as sysdba |
expdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' |
有tns |
sqlplus 'sys/"l@h\r/0"'@LHRDB as sysdba |
expdp \''sys/"l@h\r/0"'@LHRDB as sysdba\' |
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正常密码 |
sqlplus sys/lhr@lhrdb as sysdba |
expdp \'sys/lhr@LHRDB as sysdba\' |
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备注：含特殊字符密码为：l@h\r/0，正常密码为：lhr，tns为：LHRDB，总的原则为：密码用双引号括起来，用户名和密码用单引号括起来，然后【用户名】+【密码】+【tns】+【as sysdba】用单引号括起来，最后的这个单引号用\进行转义 alter user lhr identified by "l@h\r/0"; alter user sys identified by "l@h\r/0"; set define off alter user scott identified by "$tiger&123l@h\r/0%s,d$"; alter user scott identified by "$?`$%*H\@f'\<a-q $-@#<="">`}:H$"; password scott | |||
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Windows平台 |
sqlplus工具 |
数据泵工具（exp、expdp） |
|
普通用户 |
无tns |
sqlplus lhr/"""l@h\r/0""" sqlplus lhr/\"l@h\r/0\" |
expdp lhr/"""l@h\r/0""" expdp lhr/\"l@h\r/0\" |
有tns |
sqlplus lhr/"""l@h\r/0"""@LHRDB sqlplus lhr/\"l@h\r/0\"@LHRDB |
expdp lhr/"""l@h\r/0"""@LHRDB expdp lhr/\"l@h\r/0\"@LHRDB |
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sys用户 |
无tns |
sqlplus / as sysdba |
expdp \"/ as sysdba\" |
有tns |
sqlplus sys/"""l@h\r/0"""@LHRDB as sysdba sqlplus sys/\"l@h\r/0\"@LHRDB as sysdba |
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正常密码 |
sqlplus sys/lhr@lhrdb as sysdba |
expdp \"sys/lhr@LHRDB as sysdba\" |
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备注：含特殊字符密码为：l@h\r/0，正常密码为：lhr，tns为：LHRDB，总的原则为：密码用3个双引号括起来，或者用一个双引号括起来，然后用\将双引号进行转义 DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=dmp_SCOTT.dmp SCHEMAS=SCOTT reuse_dumpfiles=y | |||